ライフサイエンスコーパス: excitatory synapse

1 aptogenesis and miniature event frequency in excitatory synapses.

2 apses and neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) dominating at excitatory synapses.

3 pocampal CA1 neurons without affecting their excitatory synapses.

4 T is enriched in the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses.

5 d with an increase in an inward current from excitatory synapses.

6 ompartments and a nanoscopic organization at excitatory synapses.

7 n fragment that accelerates the formation of excitatory synapses.

8 of cytoplasmic vesicle pools in conventional excitatory synapses.

9 of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) at excitatory synapses.

10 as they do not affect spontaneous release at excitatory synapses.

11 in homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP) at excitatory synapses.

12 roscopy (STEM) tomography reconstructions of excitatory synapses.

13 ouse CA2 pyramidal neurons and envelop their excitatory synapses.

14 on in dendritic spines, reflecting a loss of excitatory synapses.

15 AMPA receptor (AMPAR) and PSD-95 content at excitatory synapses.

16 D95-positive puncta, indicative of increased excitatory synapses.

17 synaptic plasticity processes in hippocampal excitatory synapses.

18 e formation, organization, and plasticity of excitatory synapses.

19 to synaptic maturation and strengthening of excitatory synapses.

20 specific forms of plasticity at hippocampal excitatory synapses.

21 that modulate their location and function at excitatory synapses.

22 ein localized to the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses.

23 et produce very different adaptations at NAc excitatory synapses.

24 ing protein that is enriched in postsynaptic excitatory synapses.

25 -term potentiation of lateral-basal amygdala excitatory synapses.

26 features in the physiology and pathology of excitatory synapses.

27 re is essential to the physiology of central excitatory synapses.

28 dant in the brain, where they are present in excitatory synapses.

29 dritic spines-tiny protrusions accommodating excitatory synapses.

30 ry cortex, together with concomitant STDP of excitatory synapses.

31 -dimensional neuropil fragment containing 54 excitatory synapses.

32 flat), anticorrelated to, or correlated with excitatory synapses.

33 gulate transmitter release at inhibitory and excitatory synapses.

34 both structural and functional plasticity at excitatory synapses.

35 glutamate efflux and indirect activation of excitatory synapses.

36 ission and plasticity at both inhibitory and excitatory synapses.

37 hyaluronan preferentially surrounds nascent excitatory synapses.

38 tionality of GABAergic activity over that of excitatory synapses.

39 ains and are essential for different sets of excitatory synapses.

40 tion and loss of both central and peripheral excitatory synapses.

41 rs are used to clear glutamate released from excitatory synapses.

42 ith a glutamate uptake deficit at tripartite excitatory synapses.

43 ntial for Arc's canonical function to weaken excitatory synapses.

44 ade endocannabinoid signaling selectively at excitatory synapses.

45 c morphology and neurotransmitter release at excitatory synapses.

46 has important functions in the maturation of excitatory synapses.

47 that disrupt genes encoding the proteome of excitatory synapses.

48 ell as the number of presynaptic vesicles at excitatory synapses.

49 xpressed in cerebral cortex and localized to excitatory synapses.

50 easing factors that promote the formation of excitatory synapses.

51 e the amplitude and short-term plasticity of excitatory synapses, a result not possible from activati

52 displayed a disturbed morphology of striatal excitatory synapses, accompanied by strongly increased g

53 DA receptor-containing, AMPA receptor-silent excitatory synapses, albeit in distinct cell types throu

54 ers eCB signaling and impairs eCB-LTD at the excitatory synapses, an important synaptic plasticity th

55 hyperactivity, which triggers increased SPN excitatory synapse and corticostriatal hyperconnectivity

56 CSP landscape and interactome of a specific excitatory synapse and reveal IgSF8 as a critical regula

57 levated, consistent with a higher density of excitatory synapses and altered synapse pruning.

58 nd that C1ql3-deficient mice exhibited fewer excitatory synapses and diverse behavioral abnormalities

59 ons with reduced SynGAP protein had stronger excitatory synapses and expressed synaptic activity earl

60 Excitatory synapses and fast-spiking properties matured

61 te these deletions in the neurophysiology of excitatory synapses and in ASD-associated synaptic impai

62 tes such as postsynaptic densities (PSDs) in excitatory synapses and in other dense protein meshworks

63 immediate-early gene (IEG) that functions at excitatory synapses and is required for learning and mem

64 ally diminished the ability of NLGN4 to form excitatory synapses and modulate their functional proper

65 hat knockdown of NP1 increases the number of excitatory synapses and neuronal excitability in culture

66 d ion channels that underlie transmission at excitatory synapses and play an important role in regula

67 s located at the postsynaptic compartment of excitatory synapses and plays a role in synapse formatio

68 d role for PNNs in restricting plasticity at excitatory synapses and raise the possibility of an earl

69 key regulator of learning-related changes in excitatory synapses and the acquisition of motor skills.

70 basic structural unit, or building block, of excitatory synapses and their number characterizes synap

71 one-derived ATP can pre-modulate efficacy of excitatory synapses and thereby can have an important ro

72 e encodes a postsynaptic scaffold protein in excitatory synapses, and its disruption is implicated in

73 NL2, the formation and function of cortical excitatory synapses are diminished, whereas inhibitory s

74 Frequently, excitatory synapses are formed on dendritic spines.

75 Although it has been proposed that these excitatory synapses are formed onto appendages resemblin

76 hippocampal synapses, but ELKS functions at excitatory synapses are not known.

77 ity mechanisms that decrease the strength of excitatory synapses are preferentially engaged to mainta

78 t the development of circuits containing CA2 excitatory synapses are sensitive to manipulations of th

79 e inhibitory synapses frequently recur while excitatory synapses are stable.

80 s in long-term potentiation (LTP) at central excitatory synapses are thought to contribute to cogniti

81 MNTB neurons through a single calyx of Held excitatory synapse arising from the cochlear nucleus.

82 ong-term depression (NMDA-LTD) at prefrontal excitatory synapses as a synaptic signature of this asso

83 lar and morphological diversity of 5 billion excitatory synapses at single-synapse resolution across

84 ely uniform following minimal stimulation of excitatory synapses at visualized locations along the de

85 The excitatory synapse between hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyram

86 of the recurrent circuit using recordings of excitatory synapses between identified motoneuron and Re

87 amate receptors and induced the formation of excitatory synapses both in vitro and in vivo.

88 , the mGluR agonist did not generate eCBs at excitatory synapses but nevertheless induced burst firin

89 ndicate that both neuroligin-3 and -4 act at excitatory synapses but perform surprisingly distinct fu

90 autism mutation NLGN4-R704C also formed more excitatory synapses but with increased functional synapt

91 have been identified as the Ca(2+) sensor at excitatory synapses, but the Ca(2+) sensor(s) at inhibit

92 Microglia control excitatory synapses, but their role in inhibitory neurot

93 ilitates a recruitment of P2X receptors into excitatory synapses by Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism.

94 t neuroligin-1 performs two key functions in excitatory synapses by distinct molecular mechanisms.

95 m synaptic potentiation at mouse hippocampal excitatory synapses by inactivating dendritic Kv1.1-cont

96 long-term depression (LTD) of glutamatergic excitatory synapses by increasing inhibitory inputs onto

97 5) is a major regulator in the maturation of excitatory synapses by interacting and trafficking N-met

98 Organization of signaling complexes at excitatory synapses by membrane-associated guanylate kin

99 is a form of synaptic plasticity induced at excitatory synapses by metabotropic glutamate receptors

100 reted glypican 4 induces formation of active excitatory synapses by recruiting AMPA glutamate recepto

101 beta-neurexins control synaptic strength in excitatory synapses by regulating postsynaptic 2-arachid

102 nd functional roles of MAGUKs at hippocampal excitatory synapses by simultaneous knocking down PSD-95

103 ion of spontaneous release at inhibitory and excitatory synapses by stochastic VACC activity that ext

104 Excitatory synapses can be potentiated by chemical neuro

105 While spiny excitatory synapses can be stable throughout adult life,

106 strength of inhibitory synapses relative to excitatory synapses can be tuned from weak to strong to

107 ors, co-localized with NMDA receptors in the excitatory synapses, can be activated by ATP co-released

108 nd chaperone levels, maintenance of striatal excitatory synapses, clearance of Htt aggregates and pre

109 Many excitatory synapses co-express presynaptic GABAA and GAB

110 The postsynaptic proteome of excitatory synapses comprises 1,000 highly conserved pro

111 esent findings supporting a special role for excitatory synapses connecting pyramidal neurons of the

112 Many excitatory synapses contain high levels of mobile zinc w

113 hereby elevating the percentage of Homer1(+) excitatory synapses containing neurexin-1 nanoclusters f

114 We observed excitatory synapses contributed more to bursting behavio

115 chanisms for interrupting positive feedback, excitatory synapses could strengthen inexorably, corrupt

116 d short-term plasticity at dentate gyrus-CA3 excitatory synapses culminate in impaired coding of new

117 Lastly, astrocytic association of excitatory synapses decreases.

118 e caused specifically by inhibitory, but not excitatory, synapse defects.

119 The density of excitatory synapses, defined by overlapping vesicular gl

120 g of cultured hippocampal neurons, decreased excitatory synapse density in vitro and in vivo, and abo

121 wledge, this is the first demonstration that excitatory synapse density is lower selectively on parva

122 We further show that Sema3G increased excitatory synapse density via neuropilin-2/PlexinA4 sig

123 xpression is activity dependent and supports excitatory synapse density.

124 ng Mef2a Mef2 proteins are key regulators of excitatory synapse density.

125 The strength of an excitatory synapse depends on its ability to release glu

126 leads to long-term potentiation (LTP) at an excitatory synapse, derived from the posteromedial part

127 orn shortly after SE did not form functional excitatory synapses, despite robust sprouting.

128 hat MT3-MMP loss-of-function interferes with excitatory synapse development in dissociated cortical n

129 a previously unknown mechanism important for excitatory synapse development in the developing perinat

130 large body of accumulated evidence regarding excitatory synapse development, little is known about sy

131 Electrophysiology analysis of excitatory synapse development, starting at P12, showed

132 MMP-dependent shedding of NgR1 in regulating excitatory synapse development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In

133 age clamp is completely ineffective for most excitatory synapses due to spine electrical compartmenta

134 eins, STEP has been implicated in regulating excitatory synapses during plasticity and playing a role

135 ity, as well as with a transient increase in excitatory synapses during postnatal development.

136 corrects the development of thalamocortical excitatory synapses during the CP.

137 Inhibitory, but not excitatory, synapse dysfunction underlies cortico-hippoc

138 mbospondin-1 (TSP1) in astrocytes, increased excitatory synapses, enhanced corticostriatal synaptic t

139 We show here that the cleft of excitatory synapses exhibits a distinct density profile

140 Thus, postsynaptic latrophilins promote excitatory synapse formation by simultaneous binding of

141 Excitatory synapse formation during development involves

142 This increased excitatory synapse formation elevates network activity,

143 todomain of NgR1 is sufficient to accelerate excitatory synapse formation in dissociated cortical neu

144 s) with latrophilins (LPHNs/ADGRLs) promotes excitatory synapse formation when LPHNs simultaneously i

145 vitro, teneurin or FLRT alone did not induce excitatory synapse formation, whereas together they pote

146 e addition of purified hyaluronan suppresses excitatory synapse formation.

147 , and two-photon Ca(2+) imaging, we analyzed excitatory synapses formed by climbing fibers on Purkinj

148 Si1 also bilaterally potentiated the excitatory synapse from Si3 to Si2.

149 Astrocytes depressed excitatory synapses from basolateral amygdala via A1 ade

150 Specifically, DE potentiated FF excitatory synapses from layer 4 (L4) to L2/3 in A1 and

151 from motor outputs, yet the efficacy of the excitatory synapses from single and converging motoneuro

152 However, how OGT regulates excitatory synapse function is largely unknown.

153 ell-adhesion postsynaptic protein regulating excitatory synapse function, and show increased excitato

154 hare a common underlying neuropathy: altered excitatory synapse function.

155 addition and elimination were interpreted as excitatory synapse gain and loss, respectively.

156 nvolved a new ephaptic coupling, in which an excitatory synapse generated large negative extracellula

157 At excitatory synapses, glutamatergic receptors activated b

158 which, like neuroligin-1 is also targeted to excitatory synapses, had no comparable effect.

159 At excitatory synapses, how endogenous AMPARs, NMDARs, and

160 Here, we propose an excitatory synapse hypothesis of depression in which chr

161 were used to quantify the number of putative excitatory synapses (i.e., the overlap of vesicular glut

162 ponse to action potentials, they differ from excitatory synapses in both structure and function.

163 ease, to be necessary for the development of excitatory synapses in cortical neurons.

164 toskeleton and gates long-term plasticity at excitatory synapses in cortical neurons.

165 orting evidence that dysfunction of multiple excitatory synapses in cortico-mesolimbic reward pathway

166 ically decreased neurotransmitter release at excitatory synapses in cultured cortical neurons.

167 a greater number of morphologically defined excitatory synapses in cultures containing these neurons

168 the hippocampus, and aberrant generation of excitatory synapses in dentate gyrus granule cells.

169 expression of Kal7 restores the reduction of excitatory synapses in HD cortical cultures.

170 Severe loss of excitatory synapses in key brain regions is thought to b

171 xon 5 of Grin1 leads to an overproduction of excitatory synapses in layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the

172 f the readily releasable pool exclusively at excitatory synapses in mixed sex primary mouse hippocamp

173 e pathway, but did not change the density of excitatory synapses in primary visual cortex.

174 c regulation of miniature synaptic events at excitatory synapses in response to activity deprivation.

175 the protein densin-180 is highly enriched at excitatory synapses in the brain and enhances the cell s

176 The majority of excitatory synapses in the brain exist on dendritic spin

177 nths) and that loud sounds reversibly modify excitatory synapses in the brain, changing synaptic func

178 mediate neurotransmission at the majority of excitatory synapses in the brain.

179 GTPase activating protein highly enriched at excitatory synapses in the brain.

180 Dendritic spines are the sites of most excitatory synapses in the CNS, and opposing alterations

181 hanced adenosine tone and A1R sensitivity at excitatory synapses in the dorsal horn after nerve injur

182 icroscopy shows that Cdh8 is concentrated at excitatory synapses in the dorsal striatum, and Cdh8 kno

183 Damage to excitatory synapses in the hippocampus occurs in associa

184 lone fully accounts for neurotransmission at excitatory synapses in the hippocampus, excluding a role

185 nt sex difference in molecular regulation of excitatory synapses in the hippocampus.

186 unts for the activation of NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses in the hippocampus.

187 duced and activity-dependent potentiation of excitatory synapses in the hippocampus.

188 in Nissl-stained sections so that numbers of excitatory synapses in the inner molecular layer per gra

189 croscopy was used to estimate the numbers of excitatory synapses in the inner molecular layer per hip

190 iled and quantitative map of the features of excitatory synapses in the lumbar spinal cord, detailing

191 pines are the postsynaptic terminals of most excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain.

192 Most excitatory synapses in the mammalian CNS are located on

193 e a morphological feature of the majority of excitatory synapses in the mammalian neocortex and are m

194 Here, we demonstrate that, whereas loss of excitatory synapses in the OB is transient after multipl

195 Increases in the number of excitatory synapses in the superficial dorsal horn of Vc

196 pines are small postsynaptic compartments of excitatory synapses in the vertebrate brain that are mod

197 P2) is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein at excitatory synapses in which mutations and deletions hav

198 sion of inhibitory synapses, decreased it at excitatory synapses in WTs, but had no effect on eCB act

199 Rho-like small GTPases critical to maintain excitatory synapse, in the cortex of HD mice.

200 tion of dendritic spines, principal sites of excitatory synapses, in the motor cortex.

201 at a diverse set of identified and putative excitatory synapses, including a pair of connected neuro

202 , we report that SPARCL1 selectively induces excitatory synapses, increases their efficacy, and enhan

203 that is characterized by its localization at excitatory synapses, interactions with glutamate recepto

204 Synaptic strength at excitatory synapses is determined by the presence of glu

205 Glutamate secretion at excitatory synapses is tightly regulated to allow for th

206 (rMS) has been shown to induce plasticity of excitatory synapses, it is unclear whether rMS can also

207 ndent long-term potentiation (LTP) occurs at excitatory synapses made on some inhibitory neurons.

208 An anti-Hebbian form of LTP is observed at excitatory synapses made with some hippocampal interneur

209 al of hyaluronan increases the expression of excitatory synapse markers and results in a correspondin

210 l activation, BDNF-dependent increase in the excitatory synapse markers synaptophysin and PSD-95, and

211 rites together with reduced NMDAR content in excitatory synapses may be the cause.

212 tient antibodies do not alter the density of excitatory synapses, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA

213 At excitatory synapses, NLGN1 mediates transsynaptic bindin

214 sults indicate that NP1 negatively regulates excitatory synapse number by modulating neuronal excitab

215 r 2 (MEF2) transcription factors suppress an excitatory synapse number by promoting degradation of th

216 major, but not the minor, variant increased excitatory synapse number on PV interneurons and display

217 Because excitatory synapse number on PV interneurons is regulate

218 Mice lacking GRASP1 showed abnormal excitatory synapse number, synaptic plasticity, and hipp

219 l-derived neurons resulted in an increase in excitatory synapse numbers but a remarkable decrease in

220 During synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses, numerous structural, signaling, and

221 perience-dependent homeostatic plasticity of excitatory synapses observed in superficial layers of vi

222 our results demonstrate that NPAS2 regulates excitatory synapses of D1R-MSNs in the NAc and cocaine r

223 ogether, PE leads to impaired eCB-LTD at the excitatory synapses of VTA DA neurons primarily due to C

224 -protein receptors (GPCRs) agonists enhanced excitatory synapses on direct pathway striatal spiny pro

225 neurons (dSPNs), whereas rapid production of excitatory synapses on indirect pathway neurons (iSPNs)

226 s, we describe a novel form of plasticity of excitatory synapses on inhibitory neurons, weight-depend

227 nges at both inhibitory synapses, as well as excitatory synapses on inhibitory neurons.

228 l cells, comparatively little is known about excitatory synapses on interneurons.

229 ding mouse primary visual cortex (V1), where excitatory synapses on layer 2/3 (L2/3) neurons undergo

230 Drug-evoked plasticity at excitatory synapses on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of th

231 ction in glutamate transport and potentiated excitatory synapses on medium spiny neurons.

232 for VTA glutamatergic neurons through local excitatory synapses on mesoaccumbens dopaminergic neuron

233 rd, and the first pathway shown to establish excitatory synapses on nAcc parvalbumin GABAergic intern

234 emonstrate that LH(PV) axons form functional excitatory synapses on neurons in the ventrolateral peri

235 hat neuroligin-3 specifies the properties of excitatory synapses on parvalbumin-containing interneuro

236 Excitatory synapses on PV interneurons are dependent on

237 Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that excitatory synapses on PV interneurons are pruned during

238 t ErbB4 splicing may regulate the pruning of excitatory synapses on PV interneurons during adolescenc

239 ng, we tested the hypothesis that pruning of excitatory synapses on PV interneurons is associated wit

240 h is known about the molecular properties of excitatory synapses on pyramidal cells, comparatively li

241 Long-term potentiation of excitatory synapses on pyramidal neurons in the stratum

242 g fibers from the inferior olive make strong excitatory synapses onto cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) d

243 ritic distributions of these corticocortical excitatory synapses onto CSPs in both areas also showed

244 ynaptic strength of ventral hippocampus (VH) excitatory synapses onto D1 medium spiny neurons (D1-MSN

245 st that microglia promote the development of excitatory synapses onto developing abGCs, which may imp

246 NRG1 enhanced the strength of excitatory synapses onto FS INs, which inhibited ocular

247 period timing by controlling the strength of excitatory synapses onto FS INs.

248 e model of Rett syndrome, we show that naive excitatory synapses onto hippocampal pyramidal neurons o

249 We confirm that the AON forms glutamatergic excitatory synapses onto piriform pyramidal neurons; and

250 (NMDAR) subunit composition and kinetics at excitatory synapses onto pyramidal cells; however, littl

251 Excitatory synapses onto somatostatin (SOM) interneurons

252 e, we tested synaptic plasticity of cortical excitatory synapses onto striatal spiny projection neuro

253 fibre axons (PFs) form approximately 180,000 excitatory synapses onto the dendritic tree of a Purkinj

254 In the CA1 hippocampus excitatory synapses onto these cells comprise GluA2-lack

255 This excitatory synapse originates in secondary motor cortex,

256 the major postsynaptic elements of cortical excitatory synapses, our understanding of the synaptic o

257 In mature neurons AMPA receptors cluster at excitatory synapses primarily on dendritic spines, where

258 , PSD-95, and SAP102 differentially regulate excitatory synapse properties in the NAc.

259 itory synapses as well as the development of excitatory synapses received by these cells.

260 es where the postsynaptic components of most excitatory synapses reside.

261 c assemblies of Abeta peptide associate with excitatory synapses resulting in synapse elimination thr

262 at neurexin-1 forms discrete nanoclusters at excitatory synapses, revealing a novel organizational fe

263 ensures efficient Cav1.2 Ca(2+) signaling at excitatory synapses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The number an

264 ivity-dependent and independent processes to excitatory synapse size diversity, we studied glutamater

265 The extraordinary diversity of excitatory synapse sizes is commonly attributed to activ

266 m potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) of excitatory synapse strength require the Ca(2+)/calmoduli

267 have shown that Syngap1 regulates developing excitatory synapse structure and function, with loss-of-

268 og Trio play critical and redundant roles in excitatory synapse structure and function.

269 s of an integrate-and-fire model neuron with excitatory synapses subject to STDP described by three d

270 ction is not seen at kappaORs at neighboring excitatory synapses, suggesting distinct time courses an

271 t neocortical inhibitory synapses but not at excitatory synapses, suggesting fundamental differences

272 ficant increase in the paired-pulse ratio at excitatory synapses, suggestive of a decrease in presyna

273 However, in comparison to excitatory synapses, the structural and functional alter

274 Abeta triggers the elimination of excitatory synapses through a mechanism that requires NM

275 ermine which factors impact the diversity of excitatory synapses throughout the lumbar spinal cord.

276 lasticity may counteract runaway dynamics at excitatory synapses to inhibitory neurons imposed by Heb

277 ange coincides with increased sensitivity of excitatory synapses to monocular deprivation (MD).

278 city requires interactions with co-activated excitatory synapses to properly regulate excitatory-inhi

279 Individual ganglion cells receive excitatory synapses tuned to different orientations, but

280 rmissive for activity-dependent sculpting of excitatory synapses via the mechanism of NMDAR-dependent

281 ntaining NMDA receptors (NMDARs) at immature excitatory synapses, via a transcription-dependent mecha

282 e BDNF Val66Met polymorphism affects the CEm excitatory synapses, we examined basal glutamatergic syn

283 of proteins that are critical components of excitatory synapses were not associated with GABAARs.

284 (+) terminals forming asymmetrical (putative excitatory) synapses were dendritic spines, most of whic

285 RNF10 is enriched at the excitatory synapse where it associates with the GluN2A s

286 KCC2 is highly localized to excitatory synapses where it regulates spine morphogenes

287 an extracellular matrix surrounds developing excitatory synapses, where it critically regulates synap

288 me carries through to the molecular level at excitatory synapses, where protein function is controlle

289 folding proteins at the PSD in glutamatergic excitatory synapses, where they maintain and modulate sy

290 eptor (R) synaptic transmission, or silenced excitatory synapses, whereas more prolonged (24 hr) firi

291 ics, we studied AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-silent excitatory synapses, which are generated in the nucleus

292 a corresponding increase in the formation of excitatory synapses, while also decreasing inhibitory sy

293 all of the CPG neurons and made monosynaptic excitatory synapses with both Si3s.

294 ed with changes in the strength or number of excitatory synapses with MCs but was instead associated

295 hat RMS led to layer-specific elimination of excitatory synapses with the most pronounced loss observ

296 ons (OSNs) are chemoreceptors that establish excitatory synapses within glomeruli of the olfactory bu

297 ation generates AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-silent excitatory synapses within the basolateral amygdala (BLA

298 Excitatory synapses within the NAc undergo synaptic plas

299 of autoantibodies into the CNS, and loss of excitatory synapses within the olfactory bulb (OB).

300 ELKS, we find that ELKS enhances the RRP at excitatory synapses without affecting P.