ライフサイエンスコーパス: expiration

1 parenchyma to increase in attenuation during expiration).

2 n alveolar size from peak inspiration to end expiration).

3 ation-based lung deformation (inspiration vs expiration).

4 ity of spinal respiratory neurons engaged in expiration.

5 is tracheal diameter from inspiration to end-expiration.

6 asured in units of 0.1 cm following a normal expiration.

7 quired data in normal inspiration and normal expiration.

8 urface tension to avoid lung collapse at end-expiration.

9 ith bicuculline and strychnine led to active expiration.

10 ivated, e.g., during exercise, drives active expiration.

11 ral CO2-chemoreception and for gating active expiration.

12 internal and external, are activated during expiration.

13 RG) as the site for the generation of active expiration.

14 lus coincided with late-inspiration or early-expiration.

15 firing is correlated with late-phase active expiration.

16 breathing frequency, inspiration, and active expiration.

17 ated less frequently during inspiration than expiration.

18 lacement was smaller during inspiration than expiration.

19 tary breathing as controlled inspiration and expiration.

20 respiratory neural activity generated during expiration.

21 control the abdominal activity during active expiration.

22 piration followed by a prominent rise during expiration.

23 the conditional pF(L) oscillator for active expiration.

24 h, which is done immediately after a maximum expiration.

25 rred only when stimuli were delivered during expiration.

26 ension and prevents alveolar collapse at end expiration.

27 eement by facilitating identification of end-expiration.

28 at least, a portion of their activity during expiration.

29 ases during inspiration and decreases during expiration.

30 the alveolus, maintaining lung volume at end expiration.

31 l ventilation and completely collapse at end expiration.

32 Measurements were recorded at end-expiration.

33 e alveoli collapse totally (type III) at end expiration.

34 ratory onset (3) mid-inspiration and (4) mid-expiration.

35 entially during post-inspiration and stage 2 expiration.

36 were performed either during inspiration or expiration.

37 alveolar pressure is near zero at the end of expiration.

38 alveolar pressure that exists at the end of expiration.

39 ratory events, with little attention paid to expiration.

40 : inspiration, glottic narrowing, and forced expiration.

41 whereas it did not change significantly with expiration.

42 ume (baseline), deep inspiration, and forced expiration.

43 bursts during both inspiration and the early expiration.

44 abdominal expiratory activity during active expiration.

45 ed hypoxia - conditions that generate active expiration.

46 arafacial region (pFRG), which drives active expiration.

47 and receiving excitatory inputs during late expiration.

48 the highest correlation with coefficient on expiration.

49 ormed with the use of mean density values on expiration.

50 atelet products are frequently wasted due to expiration.

51 lectromechanical coupling during spontaneous expiration.

52 ation by preventing alveolar collapse at end expiration.

53 The diaphragm is an important regulator of expiration.

54 ratory muscle and is assumed to relax during expiration.

55 ing an inhibitory synaptic volley relayed by expiration.

56 ement for an increased shunt fraction during expiration.

57 teral parafacial region (pFL) driving active expiration.

58 e., cessation of both inspiration and active expiration.

59 ith a greater percentage of large alveoli at expiration.

60 anipulated the frequency of inspirations and expirations.

61 E velocity was similar after inspiration and expiration (0.81 +/- 0.24 and 0.84 +/- 0.21 m/s, respect

62 on, 0.8+/-0.3 versus 1.5+/-0.7 [p < 0.0001]; expiration, 1.0+/-0.3 vs. 1.9+/-0.7 [p < 0.0001]) and de

63 ced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration, 2.2 percent predicted [95% CI, 0.1% to 4.3%]

64 The average percentage of stenosis at end expiration (21% +/- 16) was significantly higher than th

65 Estimated PL was 1.5 +/- 6.3 cm H2O at end-expiration, 21.4 +/- 9.3 cm H2O at end-inflation, and 18

66 inspiration, 198+/-53 ms versus 137+/-32 ms; expiration, 225+/-43 ms vs. 161+/-33 ms [p < 0.0001]).

67 wed that maximum MSNA always occurred at end expiration (25% to 30% of total activity) and minimum ac

68 frame area) at inspiration (39.9%-42.2%) and expiration (35.9%-38.7%) similar to that in the control

69 r occupancy at inspiration (46.7%-47.9%) and expiration (40.2%-46.6%) similar to that in the control

70 hat in the control group (inspiration 53.3%; expiration 50.3%; P > .01).

71 espiratory group (RTN/pFRG) generates active expiration (AE).

72 iration (25%) and from 6.4 to 3.8 L (41%) at expiration after surgery and correlated well with measur

73 to 38% at inspiration and from 60% to 27% at expiration after surgery.

74 and regional transpulmonary pressures at end-expiration along the ventral-dorsal gradient, as well as

75 tion Pes averaged 17.5 +/- 5.7 cm H2O at end-expiration and 21.2 +/- 7.7 cm H2O at end-inflation and

76 en alveolar area at peak inspiration and end expiration and assessed as a percentage change (I-E Delt

77 CT scans were acquired at end expiration and end inspiration.

78 t differences (p > 0.05, t-test) between end-expiration and end-inspiration measurements of the cardi

79 for the left and right ventricle in both end-expiration and end-inspiration.

80 The 3D-pressure profile of the EGJ at end-expiration and forced inspiration revealed marked differ

81 S promote the transition from inspiration to expiration and function as part of the 'Inspiratory Off

82 nstability and a tendency to collapse during expiration and increased work of breathing necessitating

83 gular oscillations corresponding to rhythmic expiration and inspiration are modulated by slow periodi

84 at low tilt angles, but occurred equally in expiration and inspiration at high tilt angles.

85 from 3D motion tracking, such as the depth, expiration and inspiration distribution, correlated (p <

86 Images acquired during expiration and inspiration of the rostral, mid-, and cau

87 he percent mass of nonaerated tissue between expiration and inspiration.

88 ne group of motoneurones is activated during expiration and only one of the pathways has been detecte

89 abenz, an alpha2-agonist, prolonged baseline expiration and potentiated PHFD.

90 hibiting neurons that are most active during expiration and provide a framework for respiratory sinus

91 iratory inhibition during the first stage of expiration and receiving excitatory inputs during late e

92 Phasic RTN stimulation produced active expiration and reduced early expiratory airflow (i.e. in

93 Phasic stimulation also produced active expiration and reduced early expiratory airflow but only

94 tical metabolic conditions to provide forced expiration and reduced upper airway resistance simultane

95 tidal ventilation but remained patent at end expiration and those that totally collapsed and reexpand

96 Arterial wave energy decreased during expiration and Valsalva manoeuvre due to decreased ventr

97 ced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration and/or the peak expiratory flow rate, which c

98 onist bicuculline methiodide (BIC) shortened expirations and call durations.

99 acity plus 1 L), CT (at full inspiration and expiration), and spirometry or plethysmography were perf

100 he expiratory phase (the terminal 10-100% of expiration), and two different TGI catheter flow rates w

101 SPC-muscle activation during inspiration or expiration, and airway reopening.

102 ti-detector row CT: end inspiration, dynamic expiration, and end expiration (the latter was performed

103 When applied to the patent UA during expiration, and especially during late expiration, HFPOs

104 tiple aspects of breathing, including active expiration, and maintain breathing automaticity during n

105 na cava in end inspiration compared with end expiration, and the opposite trend was shown in the supe

106 tilation but did not totally collapse at end expiration; and type III alveoli (n = 12) demonstrated a

107 ntilation but do not totally collapse at end expiration; and type III, alveoli visibly change size du

108 Inspiration and active expiration are commonly viewed as antagonistic phases of

109 We hypothesize that inspiration and expiration are generated by coupled, anatomically separa

110 Since the major muscles of expiration are innervated by the first thoracic segment

111 oblique at 45 degrees or 30 degrees angle on expiration as well as 45 degrees and 39 degrees projecti

112 lung structure is optimized for the rate of expiration as well as minimum energy loss.

113 Depolarizing pFL neurons produced active expiration at rest, but not when inspiratory activity wa

114 were analyzed during apnea, inspiration and expiration, at atrial paced heart rates of 60, 80, 100 a

115 ype II in that they totally collapsed at end expiration (atelectasis) and reinflated during inspirati

116 images were obtained at full inspiration and expiration before and after surgery.

117 spulmonary pressure in caudal regions at end-expiration (best-positive end-expiratory pressure).

118 n, BMI [r = 0.37], WC [r = 0.43], P < .0001; expiration, BMI [r = 0.24], WC [r = 0.26], P < .0001).

119 on, BMI [r = 0.57], WC [r = 0.62] P < .0001; expiration, BMI [r = 0.58], WC [r = 0.64], P < .0001) an

120 mputed tomography scans were acquired at end-expiration breath hold.

121 d amplitude; it also triggered strong active expiration but not sighs.

122 Normal PV flow was higher in expiration, but this effect was lost in TCPC and APC pat

123 r than 0.794 help airways remain open during expiration by increasing both viscous pressure drop and

124 ed as the RR interval change associated with expiration by phase-rectified signal averaging.

125 differential effects during inspiration and expiration by unresolved central mechanisms.

126 Images were registered from inspiration to expiration by using an elastic registration algorithm.

127 ntuation of celiac artery compression at end expiration can give rise to a potential pitfall of breat

128 namic lung compliance during inspiration and expiration cannot be modeled accurately with conventiona

129 ss tracheal collapse and air trapping at end-expiration chest CT.

130 ntilator then cycles to a lower pressure and expiration commences.

131 and approximately 6% in PAH patients during expiration compared to inspiration, while the wave speed

132 , followed by a significant narrowing at end-expiration compared with the peak CSA during that expira

133 only RTN neuron stimulation produces active expiration, consistent with their role as central respir

134 of behaviors and reflex responses, including expiration, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, postural contr

135 ation compared with the peak CSA during that expiration (CSA: breath-3, 79 +/- 3% to 62 +/- 6%; breat

136 ecreased attenuation of the lung parenchyma; expiration CT scans were scored for extent of air trappi

137 getable oils according to conservation state expiration date employing near infrared (NIR) spectrosco

138 sibility to extend the storability after the expiration date, for a possible recovery of bioactive co

139 f bisphenol A in all of these food, based on expiration date, the amount of glucose and sodium chlori

140 increase in the amount of glucose, NaCl and expiration date.

141 d different levels of plasminolysis at their expiration dates, as revealed by alphas2-CN (f1-25) 4P a

142 third-party payer issues and product patent expiration dates.

143 when the enzyme blends were used within the expiration dating specified by the manufacturer.

144 ous, and 3) the amount of atelectasis at end-expiration decreased from 24% to 16% during spontaneous

145 and each inspiration was preceded by active expiration, denoting abdominal muscle contraction.

146 ntraction of abdominal muscles at the end of expiration during metabolic challenges (such as hypercap

147 astly, lifting of the object occurred during expiration during most experimental conditions.

148 a conditional oscillator that drives active expiration during periods of high respiratory demand, an

149 irst time, that the generation of controlled expiration during the post-inspiratory phase engages a d

150 d the diaphragmatic electric activity during expiration, dynamic computed tomographic scans, and resp

151 measured at peak inspiration (I) and at end expiration (E) by image analysis and I minus E was calcu

152 was measured at peak inspiration (I) and end expiration (E) on individual subpleural alveoli by image

153 The ratio of the mean lung density at end expiration (E) to end inspiration (I) was calculated in

154 ns between respiratory phases: (1) from late expiration (E2) to inspiration (I), (2) from I to post-i

155 piration (I), post-inspiration (PI) and late-expiration (E2).

156 iration (EI) and 50% corresponding to end of expiration (EE).

157 ia and project to the pFRG region; b) active expiration elicited by hypoxia was blunted after blockad

158 epletion of C1 neurons eliminated the active expiration elicited by hypoxia.

159 ng the amount of sinus arrhythmia related to expiration (expiration-triggered sinus arrhythmia [ETA])

160 s content at end-inspiration (F(EI)) and end-expiration (F(EE)) using the formula sVol = (F(EI) - F(E

161 ced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV(1)) of at least 50% predicted, and negat

162 ced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1) at age 4 and 5 years.

163 erior/superior positions by full inspiration/expiration (FI/FE) during pull-throughs.

164 efficiency, declining innovation, key patent expirations, fierce price competition from generics, hig

165 ced by turning off the respirator during end expiration for 2 min.

166 r separation was also acquired at the end of expiration for PET attenuation correction purposes.

167 ed efficiency, stagnant success rate, patent expirations for key drugs, fierce price competition from

168 During expiration, for all breaths there was an initial signifi

169 elds were subsequently applied to the end-of-expiration frame of the acquired 4D MRI volume and the A

170 ional Vts were calculated by subtracting end-expiration from end-inspiration volumes in total lung, n

171 n infants the rate of emptying during forced expiration from near total lung capacity to residual vol

172 rst-order surrogates for infected human lung expirations from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

173 correlated in fractional atelectatic mass in expiration greater than or equal to 40% and 20-40% group

174 ruitment with fractional atelectatic mass in expiration greater than or equal to 40% was less than 7%

175 uring expiration, and especially during late expiration, HFPOs prolonged expiratory time (TE) and ton

176 constant airflow during both inspiration and expiration, highlighting a design optimized for efficien

177 Increase in tonic scalene activity at end-expiration, however, was equivalent during crescendo and

178 hted 4D MR images were registered to the end-expiration image using a nonrigid B-spline registration

179 e reconstructed into end-inspiration and end-expiration images.

180 ns were obtained at full inspiration and end expiration in 21 pediatric lung transplant recipients wi

181 hould be set to prevent lung collapse at end expiration in ARDS.

182 harges were present for both inspiration and expiration in both external and internal intercostal ner

183 ppler ultrasonography during inspiration and expiration in both the supine and upright positions.

184 and closing during chewing, and inspiration-expiration in breathing, which must be labile in frequen

185 NEP could be used to assess FL during forced expiration in infants.

186 riable and inconsistent phasic activation in expiration in one or more of the PCs was present in seve

187 rease during inspiration and decrease during expiration in the presence of a variable shunt fraction,

188 Diaphragmatic electric activity during expiration increased by decreasing end-expiratory lung v

189 ight lung volumes at end inspiration and end expiration increased substantially after operation in pe

190 %], P<.001 versus end-tidal volume), whereas expiration increased the cardiac volume included (median

191 subject performed four cycles of 16 s BH on expiration interleaved with paced breathing.

192 ricular systolic area during inspiration and expiration is a reliable catheterization criterion for d

193 anatomy of the neural circuits that generate expiration is debated.

194 clude that in anesthetized adult rats active expiration is driven by the pFL but requires an addition

195 In mammals, expiration is lengthened by mid-expiratory lung inflatio

196 ro-posterior oblique projection performed on expiration is recommended for diagnostics and interpreta

197 e such that for a 45 degrees oblique view on expiration is recommended for radiographic imaging of pa

198 in both patient and animal studies in which expiration is terminated before derecruitment of lung un

199 n of the transitions between inspiration and expiration is the timing of the inspiratory off-switch (

200 tion (%LAA-950insp) and less than -910 HU at expiration (%LAA-910exp) obtained with single univariate

201 to produce a technically satisfactory forced expiration lasting 0.5 second, only 46 (58%) could produ

202 g 0.5 second, only 46 (58%) could produce an expiration lasting 1 second, with the youngest children

203 EGJ pressure was recorded at end-expiration (LES pressure) and at the peak of forced insp

204 ), but not in fractional atelectatic mass in expiration less than 20% group (r = 0.01).

205 rrow range of breathing amplitude around end-expiration level with 35% of the counts in a 7-min acqui

206 e in 1s), because airway constriction during expiration limits the rate of rapid respiration.

207 ate rhythm generators, one generating active expiration located close to the facial nucleus in the re

208 ased upon the fractional atelectatic mass in expiration (< 20%, 20-40%, and >= 40%).

209 d to the transitions between inspiration and expiration may vary, and abnormal respiratory mechanics

210 ated that the rate of emptying during forced expiration measured by both parameters was greatest in t

211 obtained during suspended respiration at end expiration (n = 50) or at end inspiration (n = 50), and

212 elastically registered to the single end-of-expiration NAC PET image.

213 nt region and fractional atelectatic mass in expiration negatively correlated with PaO2/FIO2 ratio (r

214 with the normal chest wall condition, at end-expiration non aerated lung tissue weight was increased

215 l expiratory pattern formation during active expiration observed during hypercapnia or after the expo

216 alveolar homogeneity between inspiration and expiration occurred with higher PEEP (16-24 cm H2O) (P >

217 ced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration of 0.6 L [0.2 L], and mean [SD] Paco2 while b

218 raphy (CT) scans acquired at inspiration and expiration of 194 individuals with COPD from the COPDGen

219 Bilateral renal ischemia led to the expiration of 64% of wild-type mice within 4 days of rep

220 ly estimated at peak inspiration and at peak expiration of each gasp by transesophageal methods.

221 Following the expiration of the patents on fused-filament-fabrication

222 rt and persists to re-excite the heart after expiration of the refractory period.

223 ts had at least mild artery narrowing at end expiration, of whom 40 (73%) had less narrowing at end i

224 ith atelectasis and alveolar flooding at end-expiration (open-lung ventilation).

225 cluded an excitatory wave in inspiration, in expiration, or in both of these.

226 ith dynamic expiration versus 30.9% with end expiration (P < .0001); and bronchus intermedius, 57.5%

227 ynamic heterogeneity between inspiration and expiration (P < .01 for both) with a greater percentage

228 plasma viral load (P < .02), and time to kit expiration (P < .01).

229 with 22.9% and 26.3% volume increase at end expiration (P = .001) and end inspiration (P = .002), re

230 ith dynamic expiration versus 28.6% with end expiration (P = .0022).

231 ith dynamic expiration versus 35.7% with end expiration (P = .0046); carina, 53.6% with dynamic expir

232 partial pressure of oxygen during end-tidal expiration (P(ET)o(2)) was kept between 50 and 60 mmHg,

233 lapse; (3) airway dilatation occurred during expiration, particularly early in the phase; and (4) mag

234 ced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (percent of predicted) over time differed bet

235 creased probability of SWRs during the early expiration phase.

236 However, only RTN triggers active expiration, presumably because RTN, unlike C1, has direc

237 ssure exerts its effects keeping open at end-expiration previously collapsed areas of the lung; conse

238 oduced a significant reduction of CSA at end-expiration prior to obstructive apnea.

239 f these neurones showed peak activity during expiration prior to the onset of hypoxia.

240 uring the same period, our model reduces the expiration rate from 10.5 to 3.2%.

241 Compared with historical expiration rates during the same period, our model reduc

242 : tidal volume 250 mL; FIO2 0.5; inspiration/expiration ratio 1:3; respiratory rate 25 breaths/min; p

243 raphe nuclei, and nucleus retroambiguus (the expiration region of the caudal ventral respiratory grou

244 the concept that it is not only involved in expiration-related activities but also in species specif

245 In contrast, individual MUs typically showed expiration-related decreases in firing as exercise inten

246 Maintenance of alveolar patency at end expiration requires pulmonary surfactant, a mixture of p

247 ced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (RR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.26-2.85; P = .002; I(2)

248 xtracted from the respective inspiration and expiration scans of 248 asthmatic patients.

249 E signal intensity (SI) was assessed in full expiration (SI(N), normalized to aortic blood).

250 reathing (e.g., frequency, amplitude, active expiration, sighing) and differ in their ability to prod

251 ught that inhibition between inspiration and expiration simply prevents activity in the antagonistic

252 cross-sectional area during inspiration and expiration, smaller increases in airway area during insp

253 number of lung units that close during each expiration so that they are not forced to rerecruit duri

254 way performance often record some measure of expiration, such as FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1s

255 pressure-time area during inspiration versus expiration (systolic area index) was used as a measureme

256 .2 +/- 4.7 cm H2O) and the time constant for expiration (tau = CL/Gu) decreased (2.67 +/- 0.62 to 2.3

257 iaphragms at their zone of apposition at end-expiration (Tdi,ee) and peak-inspiration (Tdi,ei) with u

258 athetic bursts occurred more commonly during expiration than inspiration at low tilt angles, but occu

259 th a high BMI averaged lower breath-hydrogen expiration than other HI subjects.

260 thod to facilitate the identification of end-expiration that can significantly improve interobserver

261 end inspiration, dynamic expiration, and end expiration (the latter was performed only at the levels

262 At end expiration, the average celiac artery angle was signific

263 ince flow progressively decreases throughout expiration, the reduction in dynamic hyperinflation resu

264 ly one direction during both inspiration and expiration through most of the tubular gas-exchanging br

265 should be considered for samplers with short expiration times and labile analytes; (5) two study-spec

266 how how selective control of inspiration and expiration times can be achieved in a new representation

267 ater to land, lungs replaced gills, allowing expiration to drive sound production.

268 he difference in the respiratory change from expiration to inspiration (%E) between pulsed Doppler mi

269 Expiration to inspiration changes (median) affected TR p

270 S/D and S/D-VTI significantly increased from expiration to inspiration.

271 ocity and D-VTI significantly decreased from expiration to inspiration; 2) the %E in PV-D velocity (2

272 e that some motor tasks are performed during expiration to take advantage of changes in intrathoracic

273 s of 30, 40, and 55 Gy were delivered during expiration to the atrioventricular junction (n=5) and le

274 Expiration-triggered sinus arrhythmia (ETA) is a potent

275 t of sinus arrhythmia related to expiration (expiration-triggered sinus arrhythmia [ETA]) from short-

276 ed inspiratory activity and initiated active expiration, ultimately progressing to apnea, i.e., cessa

277 tely 120 ms at both the beginning and end of expiration under all conditions.

278 late the respiratory cycle, including active expiration, under hypoxic conditions.

279 in frequency resulted from a prolongation of expiration (up to 276%), which gradually returned to bas

280 rs were measured at peak inspiration and end expiration using digital image analysis, and strain was

281 and bronchus intermedius, 57.5% with dynamic expiration versus 28.6% with end expiration (P = .0022).

282 tion (P = .0046); carina, 53.6% with dynamic expiration versus 30.9% with end expiration (P < .0001);

283 as follows: aortic arch, 53.9% with dynamic expiration versus 35.7% with end expiration (P = .0046);

284 parenchyma density values on inspiration and expiration, visual HRCT scores, and pulmonary function t

285 It is involved in expiration, vomiting, vocalization, and probably reprodu

286 revealed that scalene muscle activity at end-expiration was 50.7 +/- 14.0% higher at highest increase

287 mulation, but sighs were elicited and active expiration was absent.

288 inuation of mechanical inflation into neural expiration was associated with failure of the subsequent

289 Mean SI(N) in full expiration was lower in participants with CF than in con

290 NOe at end expiration was measured by chemiluminescence in an isola

291 Although PL at end-expiration was significantly correlated with positive en

292 in which mid-expiratory inflation lengthens expiration was used to study afferent modulation of resp

293 NO (estimated from bronchiolar gases at end-expiration) was near zero, suggesting NO in exhaled gase

294 yperpolarizing pFL neurons attenuated active expiration when it was induced by hypercapnia, hypoxia,

295 ibly obvious collapse of the alveolus during expiration, whether this collapse is total or partial.

296 This model minimizes waste due to expiration while avoiding shortages; the number of remai

297 l end of the facial nucleus abolished active expirations, while rhythmic inspirations continued.

298 ngs were acquired after full inspiration and expiration with a 3.0-T unit.

299 Areas of marked shrinkage during expiration with logarithm of Jacobian determinants less

300 as which accompany a swallow are followed by expiration (xE swallows).