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1 No changes occurred in the finger extensor.
2 elbow, wrist, or finger flexors or shoulder extensors.
3 esting reduced corticospinal inputs to elbow extensors.
4 nd knee rotation dominated input to the knee extensors.
5 rating large currents in both ankle and knee extensors.
6 -motor control is common to both flexors and extensors.
7 d flexors and for elbow flexors versus elbow extensors.
8 at different joints, and between flexors and extensors.
9 tends to favour flexor and hand muscles over extensors.
10 t has the gradient: hand muscles > flexors > extensors.
11 muscle strength in hip and knee flexors and extensors.
12 elbow rostrally (C5-C7), along with flexors, extensors, abductors and adductors acting on the digits,
14 and the rhythmic, alternating hip flexor and extensor activities underlying locomotion and scratching
17 ns were accompanied by sustained ipsilateral extensor activity, whereas rhythmic flexor bursting was
19 in vitro and in vivo have shown that flexor-extensor alternation during locomotion involves two clas
25 The V2b interneurons are involved in flexor-extensor alternations in both intact cord and hemicords.
27 e a higher potential to show plasticity than extensors, although only when plasticity is induced by s
28 ce electromyographic signals (EMGs) from the extensor and flexor muscles of the contralateral forearm
31 s measured before and after 12 weeks of knee extensor and plantar flexor muscles' PS training by sing
35 Movement kinematics and EMG from the wrist extensors and flexors and sternocleidomastoid muscles we
37 sions confirmed that instantaneous velocity, extensor, and flexor muscle activity had a significant e
38 and elbow extensors, weak to wrist and digit extensors, and almost absent to the intrinsic muscles of
39 mb, knee flexors were relatively weaker than extensors, and plantar extensors were weaker than planta
41 specific roles in left-right (V1) and flexor-extensor (both V2b and V1) interactions in the spinal co
43 tions to the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles of right human for
46 MEPs) and motor threshold were recorded from extensor carpi radialis using transcranial magnetic stim
48 ous disorders, with De Quervain syndrome and extensor carpi ulnaris tendon disorders being the most c
51 ry show limited functional recovery of elbow extensors compared with elbow flexor muscles, to date, t
53 emales experienced lesser reductions in knee-extensor contractile function, and following heavy inten
59 i minimi, biceps brachii, tibialis anterior, extensor dig. brevis, abductor hallucis) were measured e
63 nt forces of single motor units in the human extensor digitorum and tibialis anterior during repetiti
64 ed on the basis of the preservation of their extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) muscle seen on MRI and t
65 al gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum brevis and flexor digitorum brevis.
66 0(1)(1) vector genomes) was delivered to the extensor digitorum brevis muscle of 3 subjects with docu
70 Single myofiber analysis of fast-contracting extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow-contracting sol
71 s of these isoforms different in fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow-twitch soleus (
72 ected in force or fatigue assays of isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles
74 e found that prior in situ contraction of m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and treadmill exercise i
78 sphorylation and glucose transport in murine extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle (+121%, +164% and
79 letal muscle fibre bundles obtained from the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of adult mice.
80 Na,K-ATPase active transport in the isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of alpha2(R/R) mi
81 ) inhibition and lactate accumulation in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of rats infused w
82 on in skeletal muscle using an incubated rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle preparation as a
85 nd increased insulin signaling in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from rats fed a
86 train/120 s contraction interval <0.002) rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in vitro (95% N2
87 rior (TA) muscle or after transplantation of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles into nude mice.
88 Additionally, incubation of isolated mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles with 2 mM AICAR
89 a different ontology, comparing those of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of the limb with satelli
92 ction in functional capillary density in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and assessed acute and
93 into the slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL)muscles, activation of in
94 soleus (Sol; slow-twitch fibre dominant) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast-twitch fibre domina
96 skeletal muscles, including soleus (P<0.01), extensor digitorum longus (EDL; P<0.001), and tibialis a
101 stasis; the resting intracellular calcium of extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of SHRs wer
102 no acid metabolism.Ex vivomuscle function in extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles, including
104 ater (n = 8) as above, and kidney, heart and extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) and soleus muscle
105 l times faster in actively contracting mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) than soleus (SOL)
106 e uptake partly relies on PAK2 in glycolytic extensor digitorum longus muscle By contrast to previous
107 in skMLCK protein expression in fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle containing type IIa and
111 ferents were recorded from an isolated mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle in the absence of gamma
112 was slightly reduced in isolated glycolytic extensor digitorum longus muscle lacking PAK2 alone (-18
113 scle physiological analysis reveals that the extensor digitorum longus muscle of transgenic mice exhi
114 mal tetanic stimulation frequency, intact KO extensor digitorum longus muscle was able to produce wil
116 indle afferent responses from isolated mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle were recorded in the ab
117 femoral blood flow (FBF) and tension in the extensor digitorum longus muscle were recorded; isometri
118 LC phosphorylation and force potentiation in extensor digitorum longus muscle with low frequency elec
119 ific force of contraction of the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle yet had no effect on th
124 29%; P<0.05), increased protein synthesis in extensor digitorum longus muscles (13.21 +/- 1.09%; P<0.
125 alpha2(-/-) muscles is reproduced in control extensor digitorum longus muscles by selectively inhibit
127 nimals were terminally anaesthetized and the extensor digitorum longus muscles from both hindlimbs we
128 lso be hyperactivated in O vs YA fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles from Fischer(344) x Br
129 mpletely restore the function of fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles in dystrophic mdx mice
130 ndles of fibres were manually dissected from extensor digitorum longus muscles of 7- to 14-week-old m
131 rce that was not observed in the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles of R58Q vs. wild-type-
133 ane potential (RMP) in uninjured and injured extensor digitorum longus muscles were made to determine
138 studied mouse living slow (soleus) and fast (extensor digitorum longus) muscle fibers in situ and det
141 gonistic muscles (right flexor digitorum and extensor digitorum) together with 64-channel electroence
142 s of fictive locomotion that were flexor vs. extensor dominated, demonstrating that asymmetric lockin
145 group of neurons that were coactivated with extensors during PLRs before RS and exhibited a dramatic
146 % of peak work-rate) using a single-leg knee-extensor ergometer situated inside the bore of a 1.5 T s
149 eletal muscle VO2 max during single leg knee extensor exercise (KE VO2 max , direct Fick by femoral a
150 sessed at peak effort during single-leg knee-extensor exercise (KE), where ventilation is assumed to
151 ticipants performed two-legged isolated knee-extensor exercise at 20 +/- 1 W ( approximately 50% maxi
152 ate days: one day with prior one-legged knee-extensor exercise to local exhaustion (~2.5 h) and anoth
153 young male subjects, 1 h of one-legged knee-extensor exercise was followed by 7 h of saline or intra
154 y men during (1) incremental one-legged knee-extensor exercise, (2) step-wise femoral artery ATP infu
158 r MRC score) in thumb abductors versus elbow extensors, for hand extensors versus hand flexors and fo
159 equalization of the duty cycle in flexor and extensors from an asymmetrical pattern in control record
161 nfiltration (MFI) of the deep cervical spine extensors has been observed in cervical spine conditions
162 nstant task of raising the foot, whereas the extensors have the more variable task of support and pro
164 ema or atrophy within muscles (supinator and extensors) innervated by the posterior interosseous nerv
170 gated localization of damage within the knee extensors (KEs) and plantar flexors (PFs) induced by dow
172 mic gamma-motor firing patterns in the ankle extensor medial gastrocnemius (MG) have therefore been r
173 dinosus (ST), and from the heel to the ankle extensor medial gastrocnemius (MG), has been studied dur
176 and older men during two-legged dynamic knee-extensor moderate-intensity exercise, as well as changes
178 ably reduced the excessive stance-phase knee extensor moment present during crouch gait by a mean of
179 ionally, persons with TTA had a reduced knee extensor moment relative to uninjured persons (P < 0.001
180 extensor muscle group I afferents increases extensor motoneurone activity and prolongs the extensor
181 alternating rhythmic activity of flexor and extensor motoneurones in the absence of rhythmic input a
184 tic electrophysiological parameters in ankle extensor motoneurons in nontrained and treadmill-trained
185 s, here we show that dendritic PICs in ankle extensor motoneurons in the cat are reduced about 50% by
186 birth, almost all ( approximately 80%) ankle extensor motoneurons recorded in whole-cell configuratio
187 ed the rhythmic synaptic drive to flexor and extensor motoneurons, increased the spiking in each cycl
188 ll organization was clearly present in ankle extensor motoneurons, producing increased peak-to-peak m
190 ways differentially control elbow flexor and extensor motoneurons; therefore, it is possible that reo
192 ng that they can generate alternating flexor-extensor motor neuron firing in the absence of glutamate
196 that the production of an alternating flexor-extensor motor rhythm depends on the composite activitie
197 engthening of connections to flexor, but not extensor, motor neurons mirrors the extensor weakness an
200 Pairing stimulation of a finger flexor or extensor muscle at the motor point with transcranial mag
204 r phase of fictive locomotion, activation of extensor muscle group I afferents increases extensor mot
205 ees of motoneurons innervating a dorsal neck extensor muscle, splenius, in the adult cat are densely,
207 rin function disrupts the limb trajectory of extensor-muscle-innervating motor axons the guidance of
208 sociated with an increased activation of leg extensor muscles (medial and lateral gastrocnemius, vast
209 fat infiltration (MFI) in the deep cervical extensor muscles (multifidus and semispinalis cervicis)
210 tance (P<0.02), the strength testing of knee extensor muscles (P=0.008), and the ventilatory threshol
211 ymmetrical recovery between elbow flexor and extensor muscles after cervical spinal cord injury.
212 pinal cord MN pools for lower leg flexor and extensor muscles and the electromyograms (EMGs) of the c
216 ordinated contraction of antagonistic flexor-extensor muscles in the adult, indicating that accurate
217 comotion, alternating activity of flexor and extensor muscles is largely regulated by a spinal neuron
221 erial properties of tendons from k-rat ankle extensor muscles to those of similarly sized white rats.
223 uscles, while the EMG activity of all finger extensor muscles were modulated in a similar way across
228 ontraction of heteronymous (elbow flexor and extensor) muscles compared with a unilateral contraction
230 of high-energy phosphates and pH in the knee extensors of seven young (22.7 +/- 1.2 years; six women)
233 ry light responses, corneal reflexes, and an extensor or absent motor response at Day 3 after cardiac
234 (absent corneal reflex, absent cough reflex, extensor or absent motor response, and an oxygenation in
235 eflex (4.16, 1.79-9.70; p=0.0009; 2 points), extensor or absent motor responses (2.99, 1.22-7.34; p=0
244 ospinal tract signs were frequent, including extensor plantar reflexes and/or diffuse tendon reflexes
245 , marked pyramidal signs including bilateral extensor plantar reflexes, occasionally spasticity, and
246 development for all muscles (knee flexor and extensor, plantar and dorsiflexor) increased from pre- t
247 for a Glasgow Coma Scale motor score showing extensor posturing or worse (false-positive rate, 0.09;
248 overvalued, such as absent motor response or extensor posturing, which 87% of respondents considered
249 .07) and 11% (P<0.05) increases in peak knee extensor power at the 2 highest movement velocities test
250 in the medial portions of the deep cervical extensors regardless of WAD recovery, but the magnitude
251 ic activation of V2b interneurons suppressed extensor-related activity, while similar activation of V
253 eal a bias in the innervation of flexor- and extensor-related motor neurons by V1 and V2b INs that li
254 r limb flexor muscles show good recovery but extensors remain weak, with this being a major contribut
255 rons representing left and right, flexor and extensor rhythm-generating centers interacting via commi
256 activation of flexor (tibialis anterior) and extensor (soleus) muscles associated with a fixed-trajec
259 strength by 119%, chair stands by 30%, knee extensor strength by 25%, arm curls by 23%, and walk tim
261 untary contractions held at 25% maximal knee extensor strength in 22 young (mean +/- SD, 25.3 +/- 4.8
262 y OA, higher body mass index, and lower knee extensor strength independently increased the risk of tr
264 lowest tertile, the highest tertile of knee extensor strength protected against development of incid
266 h V1 and V2b interneurons resulted in flexor-extensor synchronization, whereas selective inactivation
267 n of only V2b interneurons led to the flexor-extensor synchronization, while inactivation of V1 inter
268 and low strain rarely injured common digital extensor tendon (CDET) in a group of horses with a wide
269 ammation in the collateral ligaments and the extensor tendons and more severe changes at the correspo
270 d bodies were examined at flexor tendons and extensor tendons for the presence and course of tendon s
274 n produced larger synaptic currents in ankle extensors than knee or hip rotations and knee rotation d
275 its synaptic drive to a leg motoneuron, fast extensor tibiae (FETi), always had the same maximum ampl
276 bodies located close to the soma of the fast extensor tibiae motoneuron likely belong to strand recep
277 gs from an identified motor neuron, the fast extensor tibiae motor neuron, show increased spike laten
278 leg kick force, produced by stimulating the extensor tibiae muscle, was reduced following exposure,
279 ese neurons are responsible for reduction of extensor tone and postural reflexes during spinal shock.
281 The passive calf muscles provided: (i) an extensor torque capable of sustaining unstable balance w
283 eton designed to provide appropriately-timed extensor torque to the knee joint during walking in a mu
284 dly demonstrated a 15% increase in peak knee extensor torques within the first five MVEs with minimal
285 b abductors versus elbow extensors, for hand extensors versus hand flexors and for elbow flexors vers
286 (reduction in mechanical power) of the knee extensors was closely associated with a greater accumula
287 r unit mass of muscle in the exercising knee extensors was greater in the older (12.5 +/- 6.2 ml min(
289 od flow heterogeneity in the exercising knee extensors was significantly lower in the older (56 +/- 2
290 (reductions in mechanical power) of the knee extensors was ~1.8-fold greater with age and was accompa
291 retch of the loaded antagonist muscle (i.e., extensor) was accompanied by increased afferent firing r
292 urons innervating shoulder muscles and elbow extensors, weak to wrist and digit extensors, and almost
293 but not extensor, motor neurons mirrors the extensor weakness and flexor spasm which in neurological
294 dysarthria, dysphagia, tongue atrophy, neck extensor weakness, and weakness of jaw closure during a
295 eal and distal distribution, including wrist extensor weakness, finger and foot drop, scapular wingin
298 The coactivation period of leg flexors and extensors, which is used to store the energy required fo
299 itated ipsilateral flexors and contralateral extensors, while suppressing ipsilateral extensors and c
300 -five subjects completed 100 ECs of the knee extensors with 1 leg, and muscle biopsies were taken fro