ライフサイエンスコーパス: extinct

1 y either migrate further North or locally go extinct.

2 tween groups in how fast they speciate or go extinct.

3 tat destruction vary as other species become extinct.

4 have been categorized as extinct or possibly extinct.

5 ironment in the same way, it could easily go extinct.

6 nds of years after mainland populations went extinct.

7 ans suggests that the lineage is most likely extinct.

8 locate to the warmer low latitudes, but went extinct.

9 empty niches as tropical reef builders went extinct.

10 hich the predator population will rapidly go extinct.

11 the coastal native populations were declared extinct.

12 nditions where nonpotentiated populations go extinct.

13 ations may thrive, others will inevitably go extinct.

14 enetically distinct populations that are now extinct?

15 ause (142)Nd is the decay product of the now-extinct (146)Sm (which has a half-life of 103 million ye

16 2], while others failed to adapt and became extinct [3].

17 a of the Mascarene Islands that went largely extinct after the discovery of the islands.

18 d or critically endangered, and three may be extinct already.

19 re we present a phylogeographic study of the extinct American mastodon (Mammut americanum), based on

20 cavity and make comparisons with recent and extinct AMHs as well as African apes.

21 ), which is an in silico method to resurrect extinct ancestors of modern proteins.

22 organization and modularity of the skull of extinct and extant archosaurs using an Anatomical Networ

23 lenses on each eye, which is a record among extinct and extant arthropods and is surpassed only by m

24 its as well as phylogenetic relationships in extinct and extant carnivorans.

25 he relationships between Gigantopithecus and extinct and extant hominids are wide ranging but difficu

26 he results of phylogenetic analyses covering extinct and extant lineages of the Sternorrhyncha.

27 The evolutionary relationships between extinct and extant lineages provide important insight in

28 arger (by length) than the smallest seeds of extinct and extant members of early divergent angiosperm

29 ar dynamics are conserved between the oldest extinct and extant root meristems.

30 cells transition to differentiated cells in extinct and extant taxa [11].

31 space occupied by Madagascar's lemurs, both extinct and extant.

32 still common but ecologically (functionally) extinct and in a trajectory of further decline.

33 We found that extinct and introduced species have comparable functiona

34 ermine the evolutionary relationship between extinct and living primates.

35 Early multicellular organisms are mostly extinct and the origins of these mechanisms are unknown.

36 lmost as many have been erroneously declared extinct and then been rediscovered.

37 the morphology of soft-tissue structures in extinct animals [3-7], in particular, into the evolution

38 results show how reconstructing the color of extinct animals can inform on their ecologies beyond wha

39 We can apply this approach to extinct animals in which the preservation of fossil mela

40 Inferring the size of extinct animals is fraught with danger, especially when

41 y is employed in the color reconstruction of extinct animals.

42 the clypeus hitherto unseen among living and extinct ants and scythe-like mandibles that extend high

43 thropoids (monkeys, apes and humans) and two extinct apes (Oreopithecus and Australopithecus) as capt

44 rasia during the Late Pleistocene and became extinct approximately 14 thousand years before present (

45 three species that had been considered to be extinct are rediscovered.

46 Siberian unicorn', was believed to have gone extinct around 200,000 years ago-well before the late Qu

47 permit inferences of the visual capacity of extinct arthropods(1-3).

48 trial ecosystems, but the majority have gone extinct as part of the late-Quaternary extinctions.

49 llapse as fast when plant species are driven extinct as when cultural diffusion, either within or amo

50 cold-tolerant were more likely to go locally extinct at colder sites and during colder periods throug

51 on lizard (Zootoca vivipara) recently became extinct at lowest elevations due to changes in climate c

52 es invaded by the crayfish, becoming locally extinct at one.

53 ry that might have led to those genera going extinct at that time.

54 nct from any extant felid species, that went extinct at the end of the Pleistocene [1-4].

55 Almost 600 species have become extinct, at a higher rate than background extinction, bu

56 insertions are present in zebu, yak, and the extinct auroch.

57 nprecedented detail across 354 extant and 37 extinct avian and non-avian dinosaurs.

58 hat less isolated patches are unlikely to go extinct because recolonisation may occur between breedin

59 ts absence from later units indicates it was extinct before Tyrannosaurus rex dispersed into Laramidi

60 Presence of these extinct birds at both mid and high latitudes on the nort

61 served fossils provide crucial insights into extinct body plans and organismal evolution.

62 Some strains (subspecies) go globally extinct, but many persist for times exponentially long i

63 Typically, one population goes extinct, but the time-scale of this process varies with

64 that only 16-30% of these 538 species may go extinct by 2070.

65 llion yr or so, they are likely to have gone extinct by that time as a result of narrow geographical

66 The cases in which species declared extinct can be revived are rare.

67 The early divergence of recently extinct Caribbean sloths around 35 mya is consistent wit

68 We show that recently extinct Caribbean sloths have a single origin but compri

69 The feeding behaviors of extinct cave bears living during Pleistocene cold period

70 t to distinguish between active and recently extinct centromeres through sequence analysis.

71 fast, indicating that it was one of the few extinct cetaceans to occupy a niche similar to that of k

72 cestry from a species previously declared as extinct: Chelonoidis elephantopus or the Floreana tortoi

73 known LNBA strains form a single putatively extinct clade in the Y. pestis phylogeny.

74 Palaeohistological sampling of 17 mostly extinct clades across the amniote tree revealed preserva

75 Confidently placing some key extinct clades on the arthropod tree of life may require

76 esent introgressions from other-possibly now-extinct-congeners.

77 Extinct crocodyliforms from the age of dinosaurs (Mesozo

78 Our current understanding of these extinct cultures relies primarily on preserved fossils f

79 omic analyses of anatomically modern humans, extinct Denisovan hominins and mice revealed a TNFAIP3 a

80 VD evolved at least twice, in mammals and in extinct diapsid reptiles.

81 osaurians and share common ancestry with all extinct dinosaurs, our findings support the hypothesis t

82 out parallel and the evolutionary drivers of extinct diversity are unknown.

83 dwide have declined and in some cases become extinct due to chytridiomycosis, a pandemic disease caus

84 ightless pigeon endemic to Mauritius, became extinct during the 17(th) century due to anthropogenic a

85 rsupials), previously thought to have become extinct during the Cretaceous mass extinction.

86 ving model systems to study features of long-extinct early cellular life.

87 capacity to determine incubation periods in extinct egg-laying amniotes has implications for dinosau

88 rgest known egg belongs to the only recently extinct elephant bird(3), which was roughly 66 million y

89 ociated stone artefacts and remains of other extinct endemic fauna, were dated to between about 95 an

90 both species within the Psittacopedidae, an extinct Eocene clade of zygodactyl stem passeriforms tha

91 rior segmental organization among extant and extinct euarthropods [2].

92 genome originates from an early and largely extinct expansion of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) o

93 tidae), koalas (Phascolarctidae) and several extinct families.

94 r initial populations were more likely to go extinct faster than larger populations.

95 itative standpoint, ecological traits within extinct fauna.

96 the last dates for the appearance of 18 now-extinct faunal genera.

97 The cave lion is an extinct felid that was widespread across the Holarctic t

98 that cardiac preservation is possible in the extinct fish Rhacolepis buccalis from the Brazilian Cret

99 utonium in the debris, these measurements of extinct fission products allow for new estimates of the

100 his paper describes an approach to measuring extinct fission products that would allow for the charac

101 ng new data on a poorly-known behavior among extinct Folivora.

102 ssil record but essential for reconstructing extinct food webs.

103 We found higher levels of disparity in extinct forms, but lower ones in extant species.

104 xtant octoploid strawberries and a paternal, extinct Fragaria iinumae-like diploid progenitor, probab

105 Mouflon (Ovis aries musimon) became extinct from mainland Europe after the Neolithic, but re

106 lude that the probability that humanity goes extinct from natural causes in any given year is almost

107 carbon dates on paleontological specimens of extinct genera from North and South America with the exp

108 denka) from an early divergent and currently extinct ghost modern human lineage.

109 report a partial mitochondrial genome of the extinct giant beaver Castoroides and estimate the origin

110 The now-extinct giant beaver was once one of the most widespread

111 ge individuals of a congener (C. aurita) and extinct giant frogs (Beelzebufo ampinga, Late Cretaceous

112 The extinct giant shark *Otodus megalodon is known almost ex

113 The five extinct giant tortoises of the genus Cylindraspis belong

114 ecades-old consensus on the relationships of extinct gnathostomes, delivering a new evolutionary fram

115 ther sloths but are nested within a clade of extinct ground sloths including Megatherium, Megalonyx,

116 eemingly absent in the megacheirans, a major extinct group characterized by enlarged raptorial "great

117 Corystosperms, a key extinct group of Late Permian to Early Cretaceous plants

118 upporting precocial nesting behavior in this extinct group.

119 ication is poorly understood, with two known extinct groups-Pincombeomorpha and Naibiomorpha variousl

120 Extinct haidomyrmecine "hell ants" are among the earlies

121 It is now extinct, having been heavily exploited for its eggs, mea

122 Sequencing the genomes of extinct hominids has reshaped our understanding of moder

123 the ancestors of modern non-Africans and now extinct hominids such as Neanderthals and Denisovans.

124 Paranthropus robustus is a small-brained extinct hominin from South Africa characterized by deriv

125 miting functional genomic insights about our extinct hominin relatives.

126 small proportion of ancestry from an unknown extinct hominin, and this ancestry is absent from Europe

127 e evolution of the curvature parameter among extinct hominins and show that a human-like transverse a

128 nstructing the detailed dietary behaviour of extinct hominins is challenging(1)-particularly for a sp

129 omic variation, including gene flow with now-extinct hominins like Neanderthals and Denisovans.

130 The dietary responses of extinct hominins to seasonal fluctuations in food availa

131 y complete picture of feeding adaptations in extinct hominins.

132 eding between anatomically modern humans and extinct hominins; the development of an increasingly det

133 Phylogenetic relationships among extinct hominoids (apes and humans) are controversial du

134 ceptors are believed to have evolved from an extinct homodimeric ancestor through a process of gene d

135 We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domesticatio

136 of habitual activity in past populations and extinct human groups is a primary goal of paleoanthropol

137 es new insights into the entry pathway of an extinct human virus and provides a powerful tool to furt

138 erence in the overall pace of growth in this extinct human.

139 failed to counter hypersensitivity and went extinct; (ii) hypersensitivity sometimes converted into

140 frican subspecies (D. b. longipes), declared extinct in 2011, extends into southern Kenya, where a ha

141 e David's deer, Elaphurus davidianus) became extinct in China in the early 20(th) century but was rei

142 le can name a mammal or bird that has become extinct in recent centuries, but few can name a recently

143 tical, and whether they will go functionally extinct in the future, are fraught with uncertainty.

144 Considered extinct in the UK, I. nubecula was recently rediscovered

145 oglodytes) are in an impending risk of going extinct in the wild as a consequence of damaging anthrop

146 This taxon is nowadays extinct in the wild but its germline subsists through it

147 Although the 'Alala became extinct in the wild in the early 2000s, and currently su

148 rical range; however, A. zeteki are possibly extinct in the wild.

149 Many taxa could become extinct in this century.

150 eans of assessing the developmental stage of extinct, in-ovo saurians.

151 es that we assessed are classed as "possibly extinct." Invasive mammalian predators endanger a furthe

152 In a bare soil deposited by an extinct iron-sulfur spring, we found that WPS-2 comprise

153 ncertainty about whether or not a species is extinct is common, because rare and highly threatened sp

154 rtebrates and their immediate relatives, the extinct jawless, dermal armor-encased osteostracans, whi

155 es and tooth sections of 11 recent and seven extinct lamniform sharks to examine the tooth mineraliza

156 reasing the known morphological disparity of extinct lampreys, a chordate affinity for T. gregarium r

157 echanical studies on the footprints of other extinct land vertebrates.

158 Instead, five extant and nine extinct large bodied animals disappeared from the region

159 We report a nearly complete skeleton of the extinct large dolphin Ankylorhiza tiedemani comb.

160 could be a powerful indicator for extant or extinct life on another world.

161 dicate that Mesodescolea is part of a larger extinct lineage of angiosperms.

162 ntroduce palaeodictyopterids, a very diverse extinct lineage of insects.

163 (northern Myanmar), which represent another extinct lineage within this hemipteran suborder.

164 d replacement of ancient rainforest-dwelling extinct lineages by antecedents of xeric-tolerant extant

165 widespread coal formation, was dominated by extinct lineages of early-diverging vascular plants.

166 These morphologically diverse extinct lymexylids shed new light on the early origin an

167 3.5 and 2.5 billion years ago have been long extinct, making it challenging to retrace evolution by s

168 pigment distribution in a 3 million year old extinct mammal species (Apodemus atavus).

169 es using a trait database for all extant and extinct mammalian herbivores >=10 kg known from the earl

170 a better knowledge of the specializations of extinct mammals that evolved under strong environmental

171 estimate the proportion of missing (presumed extinct) mammals that are incorrectly assigned extinctio

172 ntitative assessment of trophic diversity in extinct marine reptiles.

173 The extinct marsupial Tasmanian tiger, or thylacine, and the

174 the molar dentition of this strange group of extinct marsupials.

175 the expectation that the initial decline of extinct megafauna should correspond in time with the ini

176 mic approach to resolving the systematics of extinct megafauna will allow for an improved understandi

177 g of the evolution and population history of extinct megafauna.

178 icates that they can be generalized to other extinct members of that lineage, and therefore our metho

179 s may be the first documented example of an 'extinct' meteorite, that is, a meteorite type that does

180 genomes of paleognathous birds, including an extinct moa, to show that convergent evolution of regula

181 ll-crushing capability matched only by other extinct molluscivores such as the marine bear Kolponomos

182 ensional fossils, that they correspond to an extinct morphotype and it cautions about the common prac

183 Early ichthyosauromorphs quickly became extinct near the Early-Middle Triassic boundary, during

184 ber showing that hard ticks and ticks of the extinct new family Deinocrotonidae fed on blood from fea

185 The extinct 'New World stilt-legged', or NWSL, equids consti

186 ion to predict functional differentiation in extinct non-mammalian synapsids.

187 tes, but presumably prefer larger prey, went extinct on the islands.

188 is state is unstable and the population goes extinct or 'speciates' into two pathogen strains with an

189 d to also contain novel alleles derived from extinct or as yet uncharacterized populations.

190 A population at low census might go extinct or instead transition into exponential growth to

191 of 99 mammals that have been categorized as extinct or possibly extinct.

192 everal living and fossil carnivorans and the extinct order Creodonta in which it is associated with h

193 This recently extinct order of mammals evolved in a context of importa

194 Soft tissues of extinct organisms are rarely preserved and, therefore, a

195 Reconstructing the physiology of extinct organisms is key to understanding mechanisms of

196 that resurrects ancestral proteins from now-extinct organisms to test, in the laboratory, models of

197 ssue anatomy and to reconstruct behaviors of extinct organisms.

198 The extinct passenger pigeon was once the most abundant bird

199 ale, was to consider them representatives of extinct phyla.

200 surements for several traits from extant and extinct phylogenetically linked species.

201 have been due to either the presence of now-extinct plague foci in Europe itself, or successive dise

202 ecent centuries, but few can name a recently extinct plant.

203 whole plant' physiological reconstruction of extinct plants and the potential of vascular plants to h

204 ow differently and to what degree these long-extinct plants influenced the environment.

205 ecognized representatives of the now largely extinct Pleistocene megafauna.

206 l impacts of a small population of people on extinct Pleistocene megafauna.

207 Describing the evolutionary dynamics of now extinct populations is challenging, as their genetic com

208 If so, is there any contribution of these extinct populations to the genomes of giant pandas livin

209 ity of ancient DNA to answer questions about extinct populations which includes species identity, pot

210 ntrogression from individuals from wild, now-extinct populations.

211 Salmon (Salmo salar) populations that became extinct prior to scientific study.

212 ng interspecific hybridization) from two now-extinct progenitors.

213 t" (that is, synthesize in vivo or in vitro) extinct proteins to study how they differ from modern pr

214 e same recognition specificity as their (now extinct) putative ancestor, while the other has function

215 4% of introduced species are more similar to extinct rather than extant species within their respecti

216 Fossils of mammals and their extinct relatives among cynodonts give evidence of corre

217 es that distinguishes modern humans from our extinct relatives and ancestors is a globular shape of t

218 Crocodylians are carnivores, but their extinct relatives had wider-ranging diets.

219 The closest extinct relatives of dinosaurs either have highly derive

220 mammals, proboscideans (elephants and their extinct relatives) are iconic representatives of the mod

221 arrhines (apes, Old World monkeys, and their extinct relatives).

222 s the relationships of tree sloths and their extinct relatives.

223 als, a pattern present also in their closest extinct relatives.

224 an endocranial shape, we turn to our closest extinct relatives: the Neandertals.

225 extant taxa (living or museum specimens) and extinct reptiles, providing new insights into past, pres

226 ogens as they suppress the maturation of the extinct retrovirus HERV-K (HML-2).

227 as elapsed, we conclude that both extant and extinct rhizomorphic lycopsids have the same rootlet sys

228 ed to gigantism and wing reduction, make the extinct Rodrigues owl's evolution remarkable, and with m

229 iassic and the Jurassic, ichthyosaurs became extinct roughly 30 million years before the end-Cretaceo

230 Biology, Cai and colleagues [1] described an extinct rove beetle, Cretotrichopsenius burmiticus, from

231 pecimens, we clarify the paleobiology of the extinct sabertooth cats and dire wolves-overturning the

232 -evidence approach allows the integration of extinct scale insects into a phylogenetic framework, res

233 e we studied a fossil cranium of the 'giant' extinct scops owl Otus murivorus from Rodrigues Island (

234 angiosperms from other groups of extant and extinct seed plants.

235 ophytes, supporting the hypothesis that this extinct semiaquatic beaver engaged in woodcutting behavi

236 At 50 kg in estimated weight, the extinct Siamogale melilutra is larger than all living ot

237 ~1000 years, and the sequences reveal a now-extinct sister clade of the modern variola viruses that

238 ient DNA methods to successfully sequence 10 extinct sloth mitogenomes encompassing all major lineage

239 Applied to the tooth row of all extinct sloths, these developmental data illuminate a po

240 Moreover, legs may have re-emerged in extinct snake lineages [1-5], suggesting that the mechan

241 been driven to the brink will likely become extinct soon.

242 hain, species at higher trophic level become extinct sooner with increasing patch loss and fragmentat

243 ual mix of morphological traits displayed by extinct South American native ungulates (SANUs) confound

244 , for inferring the phylogenetic position of extinct species and for helping in the identification of

245 as a remarkable tool to infer the history of extinct species and past populations.

246 ical to the discovery of new and/or recently extinct species and to trace changes in forests during t

247 Introduced and extinct species did not have equivalent functional roles

248 skeletal plastron is found in all extant and extinct species of crown turtles found to date and is sy

249 olecular evidence, the speciation of several extinct species of the Early and Middle Pleistocene epoc

250 the adaptive nature of phenotypic traits in extinct species such as South American notoungulates.

251 e, or amber, provide detailed information on extinct species that is indispensable for retracing the

252 ave been reconstructed for 78 genomes of now-extinct species that were the common ancestors of extant

253 analysis of the skull across 181 modern and extinct species to identify the primary drivers of their

254 uld prevent species losses and allow locally extinct species to recolonize former habitats.

255 We could also discriminate extant taxa from extinct species when adult birds were included.

256 f another introgression, pertaining to a now-extinct species with a deep phylogenetic placement in th

257 marked reduction in their ability to replace extinct species with new ones, making them vulnerable to

258 this mechanism can perpetuate the genome of extinct species, based on new genetic data from Pelophyl

259 th the analysis of the endocranial cavity in extinct species, in order to make inferences on brain ev

260 ted owing to the challenge of accounting for extinct species, making it difficult to accurately deter

261 struct the diets of early hominins and other extinct species.

262 els the topical controversy of reviving long extinct species.

263 hology is often used to infer the ecology of extinct species.

264 rds and properties of the vocal organ in the extinct species.

265 enomics to study the evolutionary history of extinct species.

266 ly the horizontal plane on dry skulls and in extinct species.

267 is assumption to reconstruct head posture in extinct species.

268 A key link to the now-extinct stem reptiles (from which dinosaurs, modern rept

269 is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) and ancestors of mo

270 New research suggests they may have gone extinct stepwise, during one of the most extreme greenho

271 Here, we reexamined the morphology of extinct stigmarian systems preserved as compression foss

272 h hard-object feeding in extant, and several extinct, tapirs and can actually increase stress and str

273 nd, therefore, phylogenetic relationships of extinct taxa are mainly resolved based on dental charact

274 f the human face is analysis of the faces of extinct taxa in the hominin clade over the last 6 millio

275 also show that, when using strict criteria, extinct taxa marked by deep divergence times and a lack

276 l similarities with extant lymexylids, these extinct taxa might have had the same, or similar, ecolog

277 Problematic fossils, extinct taxa of enigmatic morphology that cannot be assi

278 eciation, migration and admixture events for extinct taxa(1).

279 en evaluating form/function relationships in extinct taxa.

280 he presence and age of bipedal locomotion in extinct taxa.

281 dern lissamphibian orders and a diversity of extinct temnospondyl amphibians, including stereospondyl

282 r hybridization between this and another now-extinct tetraploid Nasturtium species.

283 40 three-dimensionally preserved humeri from extinct tetrapodomorphs that span the fin-to-limb transi

284 e to trace their evolution in a phylogeny of extinct tetrapods.

285 a deeply divergent clade of tortoises became extinct that evolved long before the dodo or the Rodrigu

286 dered the only living representatives of the extinct Tupi branch that used to settle the Atlantic Coa

287 Dietary habits of the extinct Ursus spelaeus have always been a controversial

288 wards lower preferred Fr is also apparent in extinct vertebrate species.

289 owever, evidence of lateralized behaviors in extinct vertebrates is rare, primarily because of the di

290 Reconstructing the locomotion of extinct vertebrates offers insights into their palaeobio

291 unction, ecology and phylogeny of extant and extinct vertebrates.

292 to infer dietary information from extant and extinct vertebrates.

293 rns for island populations of threatened and extinct vertebrates.

294 causes, which is unusual for both living and extinct vertebrates.

295 Fossils attributable to the extinct waterfowl clade Presbyornithidae and the large f

296 ation, and are at increased risk of becoming extinct within an isolated population.

297 with many species having originated and gone extinct without leaving a tangible record.

298 peninsula provided evidence of at least one extinct wolf lineage that dwelled in Siberia during the

299 ow that, though the four specimens represent extinct wolf lineages, they do not form a monophyletic g

300 he hypothesis that dogs were derived from an extinct wolf population.