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1 n (small or large size x no, small, or large eyespots).
2 s of pigmented scales that compose the adult eyespot.
3 by means of a light-sensitive organelle, the eyespot.
4 enoids of their primitive visual system, the eyespot.
5 sists through different color regions of the eyespot.
6 zation of a rhodopsin from the Chlamydomonas eyespot.
7 t primary receptor for phototaxis within the eyespot.
8 o an area of the chloroplast envelope in the eyespot.
9 the size and color composition of individual eyespots.
10      eye2 and eye3 mutants have no pigmented eyespots.
11     min1 mutants have smaller than wild-type eyespots.
12 ey are eyeless or have very small, misplaced eyespots.
13             mlt1(ptx4) mutants have multiple eyespots.
14 ify the antipredator effect of this species' eyespots.
15 c for the genetic regulatory architecture of eyespots.
16 connectome of the visual eyes and the larval eyespots.
17 opment, and evolution of nymphalid butterfly eyespots.
18 s have conspicuous eye-like markings, called eyespots.
19 ts than those without eyespots or with small eyespots.
20 raits found only in a subset of species with eyespots.
21 l and proximal systems, but had no effect on eyespots.
22 nd systems and reduction and repatterning of eyespots.
23 the positioning and assembly of a functional eyespot, a large collection of nonphototactic mutants wa
24     Here, we test this proposal by surveying eyespots across the whole subtribe of Mycalesina butterf
25 own as symmetry systems and acquired a novel eyespot activator role specific to Vanessa forewings.
26 lobuli proteome resembles the C. reinhardtii eyespot and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plastoglo
27 ll), is an early event in the development of eyespot and intervein midline patterns across multiple s
28 arotenoid-rich chloroplast structures (e.g., eyespot and plastoglobules).
29 the evolutionary and developmental origin of eyespots and their ancestral deployment on the wing, the
30  rolls reduced predation in general for both eyespotted and non-eyespotted prey.
31 ike caterpillars from four treatment groups: eyespotted and non-eyespotted, and presented in leaf rol
32 om four treatment groups: eyespotted and non-eyespotted, and presented in leaf rolls or on open leave
33 ts (CREs) for Dll and sal led to the loss of eyespots, antennae, legs, and also wings, demonstrating
34 lysis of hawkmoth caterpillars, we show that eyespots are associated with large body size.
35                                    Butterfly eyespots are beautiful novel traits with an unknown deve
36      Taken together, these data suggest that eyespots are effective deterrents only when both prey an
37 effective deterrents only when both prey and eyespots are large, and that innate aversion toward eyes
38 ection to evolve such defenses; and/or (iii) eyespots are more effective on large-bodied prey.
39 provide a beginning for the understanding of eyespot assembly and localization in the cell.
40 cysteines demonstrated that EYE2 function in eyespot assembly is redox independent, similar to the au
41 ING PLASTID PROTEIN1, synaptotagmin, and the eyespot assembly proteins EYE3 and SOUL3.
42                        We propose a model of eyespot assembly wherein rootlet and photoreceptor direc
43 , whereas it was normal in ChR2-knockout and eyespot-assembly mutants.
44 ssion of Ubx on the pupal wing activated the eyespot-associated genes spalt and Distal-less, known to
45 rthermore, prior to eyespot determination in eyespot-bearing butterflies, N and Dll are transiently e
46                     The mutant strain has no eyespot by light microscopy and has no organized caroten
47 the presence, absence and shape of butterfly eyespots can be controlled by the activity of two co-opt
48 egencin production does not affect growth or eyespot carotenoids of C. reinhardtii Protegencin acts i
49 ecies examined, whereas expression of EcR in eyespot centers, and eyespot sensitivity to 20E, are bot
50  non-characteristic domain - in the hindwing eyespot centers.
51 arative transcriptome analysis, we show that eyespots cluster most closely with antennae, relative to
52 psis which has gained independent control of eyespot color composition.
53 oldeneye affects an early regulatory step in eyespot color patterning.
54 patial domains that correlate with divergent eyespot color schemes.
55 entral focus that will specify the butterfly eyespot colour pattern.
56                                    Butterfly eyespot colour patterns are a key example of how a novel
57 re sufficient to reduce or completely delete eyespot colour patterns, thus demonstrating a positive r
58                                          The eyespots commonly found on butterfly wings each have con
59 e possesses both elements of this recipe: an eyespot composed of lipid-filled structures (often calle
60 ough developmental shifts along a midline-to-eyespot continuum.
61 tricted to the D4 rootlet, and more anterior eyespots correlated with shorter acetylated microtubule
62 owing the presence of a variety of candidate eyespot-cytoskeletal ultrastructure systems.
63                                              Eyespot darkening functions as a social signal limiting
64 t was particularly marked in small prey, and eyespots decreased mortality of large prey in some micro
65    In a prior screen for mutant strains with eyespot defects, the EYE2 locus was defined by the singl
66                        Furthermore, prior to eyespot determination in eyespot-bearing butterflies, N
67 elopment in Heliconius is different from the eyespot determination of other butterflies.
68  upregulation as the earliest known event in eyespot determination, demonstrate gene expression assoc
69  a positive regulatory role for this gene in eyespot determination.
70 tion factors that are expressed during early eyespot determination.
71 m, and the identification of genes affecting eyespot development and black pigmentation.
72  of old and more recently proposed models of eyespot development and propose a schematic for the gene
73       Furthermore, three genes essential for eyespot development, Distal-less (Dll), spalt (sal), and
74  or even whether, co-opted genes function in eyespot development.
75 ustrating a repressive role for this gene in eyespot development.
76  wheat), Oculimacula yallundae/O. acuformis (eyespot disease of winter cereals), and Leptosphaeria ma
77  signaling have facilitated the evolution of eyespot diversity.
78 tterns occur in a range of shapes, including eyespots, ellipses, and midlines, and were proposed to h
79                                   Hiding the eyespot evoked significantly increased aggressive activi
80  same transcription factors are expressed in eyespot fields, but in different relative spatial domain
81 rganizers (foci) at the center of developing eyespot fields.
82                                              Eyespots form through the activity of inductive organize
83 gest that Ubx has been co-opted into a novel eyespot gene regulatory network, and that it is capable
84                              On open leaves, eyespots had no antipredator effect.
85         In the butterfly family Nymphalidae, eyespots have been shown to function in startling or def
86                              In butterflies, eyespots have evolved as new pattern elements that devel
87 marked (black) were compared with those with eyespots hidden (painted green).
88 ult in an increase in the size and number of eyespots, illustrating a repressive role for this gene i
89 nd large caterpillar models with and without eyespots in a 2 x 2 factorial design to avian predators
90 te recent work demonstrating the efficacy of eyespots in deterring predator attack, a fundamental que
91 pots in small caterpillars and selection for eyespots in large caterpillars (at least in some microha
92         We conclude that the distribution of eyespots in nature likely results from selection against
93 nature likely results from selection against eyespots in small caterpillars and selection for eyespot
94                                     Overall, eyespots increased prey mortality, but the effect was pa
95 report that artificially hiding or darkening eyespots influences central dopaminergic activity, socia
96 n stimulus (darkening of postorbital skin or eyespots) inhibits aggressive response from opponents, i
97                                          The eyespot is a specialized structure for sensing light, wh
98       Relative to the anterior flagella, the eyespot is asymmetrically positioned adjacent to the dau
99                                          The eyespot is composed of photoreceptor and Ca(++)-channel
100 s are large, and that innate aversion toward eyespots is conditional.
101 er, these systems are not associated with an eyespot-like organelle with one exception found in the z
102                            Here we show that eyespots likely originated via cooption of parts of an a
103                             We conclude that eyespots likely reused an ancient GRN for their developm
104 hesize that betaC-plastoglobuli evolved from eyespot lipid droplets.
105           Predators attacked small prey with eyespots more quickly, but were more wary of large cater
106  Dll expression is demonstrated in a loss-of-eyespot mutant in which N and Dll expression is reduced
107 d homeotic direction, but neither additional eyespots nor wing shape changes were observed in forewin
108 s: Given their protective benefits, why have eyespots not evolved in more caterpillars?
109 ral deployment on the wing, the evolution of eyespot number and eyespot sexual dimorphism, and the id
110 r Tccn gene products also lack the pigmented eyespots observed in wild-type larvae.
111                                          The eyespot of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a light-sensitiv
112                                          The eyespot of the biflagellate unicellular green alga Chlam
113 elective cation channel that is found in the eyespot of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas rein
114                                          The eyespot of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas rein
115                         The recently derived eyespots on butterfly wings vary extensively in number a
116 so shown that the relative size of a pair of eyespots on the same wing surface is highly flexible, wh
117                 In support of my hypothesis, eyespots only reduced predation for larvae in leaf rolls
118 ate a superabundance of one particular false eyespot or face pattern, thereby increasing the likeliho
119 llars with large eyespots than those without eyespots or with small eyespots.
120       All males that viewed an opponent with eyespots painted black became subordinate and exhibited
121 ast, males that viewed opponents with hidden eyespots (painted green) became dominant and had increas
122 brain regions was lower in males with hidden eyespots (painted green).
123  to and truncation of a conserved midline-to-eyespot pattern formation sequence.
124 l amygdala, or hypothalamus, when males with eyespots permanently marked (black) were compared with t
125                       A relationship between eyespot phenotype and N and Dll expression is demonstrat
126 etail the relationship between the rhodopsin eyespot photoreceptor Channelrhodopsin 1 (ChR1) and acet
127                                          The eyespot pigment granule array is required for maintenanc
128 ved in the formation and organization of the eyespot pigment granule arrays.
129 tein to the external surface of the zoospore eyespot positioned close to the base of the swimming fla
130 ation in general for both eyespotted and non-eyespotted prey.
131 henotypes as well, including loss of melanic eyespot rings, and positive and negative changes in over
132 as expression of EcR in eyespot centers, and eyespot sensitivity to 20E, are both derived traits foun
133 he wing, the evolution of eyespot number and eyespot sexual dimorphism, and the identification of gen
134 h N and Dll expression is reduced at missing eyespot sites.
135 sing domains (LOV1+LOV2) alone also affected eyespot size and phototaxis, suggesting that aside from
136  Here, we show that phenotypic plasticity in eyespot size in response to environmental temperature ob
137            Larval heat-shocks led to reduced eyespot size in the expected homeotic direction, but nei
138                          Here, we found that eyespot size is strain specific and downregulated in lig
139 wn physiological and molecular components of eyespot size plasticity in a comparative framework, we s
140 s recombination, the light regulation of the eyespot size was affected.
141  the phototropin kinase fragment reduced the eyespot size, independent of light.
142 ional phenotype; the basal body opposite the eyespot templates the single flagellum.
143 e more wary of large caterpillars with large eyespots than those without eyespots or with small eyesp
144                    Skelhorn et al. introduce eyespots the circular markings resembling vertebrate eye
145  and medial amygdala of animals in which the eyespots were masked by green paint.
146 egulator of phototaxis that desensitizes the eyespot when blue light intensities increase.
147 ings evolve visual systems with thousands of eyespots, whereas those with fewer openings evolve visua
148                                          The eyespot, which assembles de novo after every cell divisi
149 ules were prepared by repeatedly wetting the eyespot with dye solution and allowing it to dry.

 
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