ライフサイエンスコーパス: firearm

1 the type of instrument used: edged weapon or firearm.

2 ion of a purchase and final acquisition of a firearm.

3 than those in noninfantry positions to use a firearm.

4 ides in the United States in 2014 involved a firearm.

5 d by suicide, of which 6691 were suicides by firearm.

6 tly elevated and enduring risk of suicide by firearm.

7 ost subjects made explicit threats and owned firearms.

8 licitly require offenders to surrender their firearms.

9 at the same time as the greater exposure to firearms.

10 99 to 2013, 462,043 Americans were killed by firearms.

11 ppropriateness of provider discussions about firearms.

12 known cause of death, 62% were attributed to firearms.

13 and also initiated a program for buyback of firearms.

14 iate for providers to talk to patients about firearms.

15 ing the right of law-abiding citizens to own firearms.

16 74% of homicides and 51% of suicides involve firearms.

17 <0.0001), and identification requirement for firearms (0.16 [0.09-0.29]; p<0.0001).

18 O) laws, petitioners can request restricting firearm access for individuals (known as "respondents")

19 ent curtails legislation broadly restricting firearm access in the United States, the emphasis is shi

20 gent, individualized interventions to reduce firearm access, such as extreme risk protection orders (

21 dia coverage on firearm control policies and firearm acquisition at both national and state levels.

22 of a mass shooting and the rate of growth in firearm acquisition.

23 Laws requiring at-risk persons to surrender firearms already in their possession were associated wit

24 re driven by much higher rates of suicide by firearm among both male and female handgun owners, with

25 irst acquisition, but 52% of all suicides by firearm among handgun owners occurred more than 1 year a

26 The risk of suicide by firearm among handgun owners peaked immediately after th

27 luding 135 patients who had been shot with a firearm and 274 community controls, during 2008-2011.

28 and both all-cause mortality and suicide (by firearm and by other methods) among men and women.

29 e the impact of strengthening gun control on firearm and nonfirearm suicides.

30 V-related restraining orders from possessing firearms and also require them to relinquish firearms in

31 ans from asking or counseling patients about firearms and disclosing patient information about firear

32 d States frequently have access to unsecured firearms and frequently consume media containing guns.

33 for 59.4% of acts but only 13.5% of deaths; firearms and hanging accounted for only 8.8% of acts but

34 associated increases in the availability of firearms and motors during the early to mid-20th century

35 ed their last firearm; if they purchased the firearm; and whether, as part of that acquisition, they

36 that health care provider discussions about firearms are at least sometimes appropriate.

37 Deaths and injuries from firearms are significant public health problems, and cli

38 ms (with rare exceptions), may counsel about firearms as they do about other health matters, and may

39 Research has consistently identified firearm availability as a risk factor for suicide.

40 firearm suicide rates indicate that greater firearm availability is associated with higher firearm s

41 tron, which are mainly used in items such as firearms, banknotes, and package materials, are investig

42 Gun shows are an important source of firearms, but no adequately powered studies have examine

43 of at-risk individuals to already purchased firearms by engaging the public and major stakeholders r

44 tentially reduce access to already purchased firearms by suicidal individuals.

45 "Possession" laws prohibit the possession of firearms by these offenders.

46 y increase public worry about more stringent firearm control and partially drive increases in firearm

47 rrence of a mass shooting, media coverage on firearm control policies and firearm acquisition at both

48 entropy analysis pinpoints media coverage on firearm control policies as a potential causal link in a

49 ich often result in heated public debates on firearm control.

50 Changes in intentional firearm death rates were analyzed with negative binomial

51 calculate the age-specific and sex-specific firearm deaths and the risk of firearm mortality at the

52 as in their lowest-burden states, 1 777 800 firearm deaths at all ages and in both sexes could be av

53 There was a more rapid decline in firearm deaths between 1997 and 2013 compared with befor

54 possible to determine whether the change in firearm deaths can be attributed to the gun law reforms.

55 Homicides accounted for most of the firearm deaths in Mexico (225 000 [82.7%]), Colombia (46

56 Suicide accounted for more than half of all firearm deaths in the USA (479 000 [56.3%]).

57 es over time and demographic determinants of firearm deaths in these four countries between 1990 and

58 ata to examine whether a spike in accidental firearm deaths occurred at the same time as the greater

59 eexisting downward trends for rates of total firearm deaths prior to vs after gun law reform.

60 decade of the 21st century mask a shift from firearm deaths towards a rapid rise in nonfatal injuries

61 ter gun law reforms), the mean rate of total firearm deaths was 1.2 (95% CI, 1.0-1.4) per 100,000 pop

62 From 1979-1996, the mean rate of total firearm deaths was 3.6 (95% CI, 3.3-3.9) per 100,000 pop

63 Reductions in firearm deaths would improve life expectancy, particular

64 perpetrator) and in trends of rates of total firearm deaths, firearm homicides and suicides, and tota

65 ed deaths were recorded, including 2 472 000 firearm deaths, of which 851 000 occurred in the USA, 27

66 R-population subsets accounting for 41.7% of firearm deaths.

67 U.S. gun owners who had recently acquired a firearm did so without a background check.

68 rm owners who were more likely to think that firearm discussions are at least sometimes appropriate i

69 her income counties, decedents killed by non-firearm (e.g., Taser) versus firearm mechanisms, and dea

70 threats, including injuries and deaths from firearms; environmental hazards; climate change; materna

71 eristics such as firearm ownership for 2013, firearm export rates, and non-firearm homicide rates for

72 Broadly reducing availability and access to firearms has lowered firearm suicide rates in other coun

73 thod for their initial self-harm, especially firearms, have an exceptionally high risk of suicide, pa

74 zard ratio=7.5, 95% CI=5.5-10.1), especially firearms (hazard ratio=15.86, 95% CI=10.7-23.4; computed

75 t this was not statistically significant for firearm homicide (ratio of trends, 0.975; 95% CI, 0.949-

76 ational attainment were at increased risk of firearm homicide in all four countries, and in the USA a

77 < 0.001) and a 17% decrease in the number of firearm homicide incidents (IRR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.95

78 ship for 2013, firearm export rates, and non-firearm homicide rates for 2009, and unemployment rates

79 d public welfare spending are all related to firearm homicide rates in the US.

80 social and economic factors on violence and firearm homicide rates, to the author's knowledge, there

81 The risk of firearm homicide was 14 times higher in black men in the

82 In the USA, the risk of firearm homicide was more than 30 times higher in black

83 social determinants of health in relation to firearm homicides and mass shootings.

84 in trends of rates of total firearm deaths, firearm homicides and suicides, and total homicides and

85 the purchase of firearms or ammunition, and firearm identification nationally could substantially re

86 ase could reduce it to 1.99 per 100,000, and firearm identification to 1.81 per 100,000.

87 sked where and when they acquired their last firearm; if they purchased the firearm; and whether, as

88 firearms and also require them to relinquish firearms in their possession were associated with 9.7% l

89 Exposure to firearms increased substantially after the December 2012

90 e/ethnicity and intent in fatal and nonfatal firearm injuries (FFIs and NFIs) in United States during

91 Total firearm injuries (n = 1,328,109) increased annually by 0

92 Results: Patients with unintentional firearm injuries (n = 180) were more likely than those w

93 differ between patients with assault-related firearm injuries (n = 339) and those with other assault-

94 were not associated with increases in local firearm injuries (rate ratio [RR], 0.99 [CI, 0.97 to 1.0

95 Assess outcomes in survivors of firearm injuries after 6 to 12 months and compared them

96 ssociated with short-term increases in local firearm injuries and whether this association differs by

97 Conclusion: Some firearm injuries classified as accidental may indicate i

98 ation was driven by significant increases in firearm injuries from interpersonal violence (RR, 2.23 [

99 sociated with local, short-term increases in firearm injuries in California.

100 ients with unintentional and assault-related firearm injuries was 10% and 15% (subhazard ratio, 1.88

101 All adult patients with firearm injuries were stratified into 3 groups by firear

102 ital admission) costs for persons with index firearm injuries who required hospitalization were $41 2

103 D]) health care costs for persons with index firearm injuries who were discharged from the ED were $8

104 hether they are associated with increases in firearm injuries.

105 tric (age <=17 years) patients admitted with firearm injuries.

106 and after a patient becomes hospitalized for firearm injury according to injury intent (intentional [

107 The incidence of firearm injury and death in the United States is increas

108 ndividual in the United States who died of a firearm injury in 2017, three survived, living with the

109 Firearm injury intent was not specified because of miscl

110 Although the health care-related effect of firearm injury is estimated to be high, existing data ar

111 ion by victims of unintentional (accidental) firearm injury is limited.

112 n programs typically focus on patients whose firearm injury occurred through interpersonal violence (

113 The burden of firearm injury on the health care system is large and qu

114 We matched each firearm injury patient to MVC patients using Coarsened E

115 A total of 3717 pediatric firearm injury patients were identified: Blacks (67.0%)

116 Compared with the 2 weeks before, postshow firearm injury rates remained stable in regions near Cal

117 mpared with matched MVC survivors (n = 255), firearm injury survivors were significantly more likely

118 Of 177 eligible firearm injury survivors, 100 were successfully contacte

119 lity of life was significantly reduced among firearm injury survivors.

120 Investigating firearm injury trends over the past decade, we examined

121 Compared with the 6 months before the index firearm injury, in the 6 months after, per-member costs

122 ns aged 15 years or older hospitalized for a firearm injury, other injuries, or a noninjury reason fr

123 In the 6 months after a firearm injury, patient-level health care visits and cos

124 Eligible costs, out-of-pocket costs, and firearm injury-related International Classification of D

125 /or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in firearm-injury victims.

126 eir effect on personal decisions to purchase firearms is not well-understood.

127 rms in Australia in 1996, there were no mass firearm killings through May 2016.

128 IPV-related firearm laws (predictor) and annual, state-specific, tot

129 United States, accounting for relevant state firearm laws and a variety of state, county, and neighbo

130 dy the association between state IPV-related firearm laws and IPH rates over a 25-year period (1991 t

131 Very few of the existing state-specific firearm laws are associated with reduced firearm mortali

132 n the USA, US states have enacted a range of firearm laws to either strengthen or deregulate the exis

133 tality if the three most strongly associated firearm laws were enacted at the federal level.

134 ine the independent association of different firearm laws with overall firearm mortality, homicide fi

135 Of 25 firearm laws, nine were associated with reduced firearm

136 th identifying the most effective aspects of firearm legislation and creating legislation that equall

137 We sought to determine whether state firearm legislation correlated with firearm-related fata

138 The politicized and controversial topic of firearm legislation has been grossly understudied when t

139 Restrictive firearm legislation is associated with decreased pediatr

140 orting System database and compared by state firearm legislation rankings with respect to FFR.

141 rtance of focusing on relevant and effective firearms legislation.

142 a background check (or were asked to show a firearm license or permit).

143 y-level covariates, decedents injured by non-firearm mechanisms had higher odds of underreporting in

144 s killed by non-firearm (e.g., Taser) versus firearm mechanisms, and deaths recorded by a medical exa

145 ome counties and for decedents killed by non-firearm mechanisms.

146 terns of injury resulting from explosive and firearm mechanisms.

147 ity, homicide firearm mortality, and suicide firearm mortality across all US states.

148 sex-specific firearm deaths and the risk of firearm mortality at the national and subnational level,

149 s for firearm purchase could reduce national firearm mortality from 10.35 to 4.46 deaths per 100,000

150 We also projected the potential reduction of firearm mortality if the three most strongly associated

151 Firearm mortality in the USA, Mexico, Brazil, and Colomb

152 cation nationally could substantially reduce firearm mortality in the USA.

153 Firearm mortality is a leading, and largely avoidable, c

154 In an effort to reduce firearm mortality rates in the USA, US states have enact

155 If countries could achieve the same firearm mortality rates nationally as in their lowest-bu

156 During the study period, firearm mortality risks increased in Mexico and Brazil b

157 In each country, firearm mortality was highest among men aged 15-34 years

158 ost strongly associated with reduced overall firearm mortality were universal background checks for f

159 rtality, nine were associated with increased firearm mortality, and seven had an inconclusive associa

160 aws with overall firearm mortality, homicide firearm mortality, and suicide firearm mortality across

161 fic firearm laws are associated with reduced firearm mortality, and this evidence underscores the imp

162 ation of different firearm laws with overall firearm mortality, homicide firearm mortality, and suici

163 earm laws, nine were associated with reduced firearm mortality, nine were associated with increased f

164 In this comparative analysis of firearm mortality, we examined national vital statistics

165 rreporting in the NVSS than those injured by firearms (odds ratio [OR]: 68.2; 95% CI: 15.7, 297.5; p

166 Examine the effect of different types of firearms on readmission due to acute stress disorder (AS

167 ents with a moderate-to-severe injury from a firearm or motor vehicle crash (MVC) treated at 3 level

168 versal background checks for the purchase of firearms or ammunition, and firearm identification natio

169 ber 2015, using the search terms suicide AND firearms OR guns.

170 ) and self-inflicted trauma (0.7%) also with firearms (OR = 44.66, p < 0.001).

171 (OR = 13.4, p < 0.001), assault (16.3%) with firearms (OR = 9.15, p < 0.001) and self-inflicted traum

172 Conclusion: Two thirds of non-firearm owners and over one half of firearm owners in th

173 s of non-firearm owners and over one half of firearm owners in the United States believe that health

174 Firearm owners who were more likely to think that firear

175 may underlie these views, particularly among firearm owners.

176 gating geographic and temporal variations in firearm ownership and firearm suicide rates indicate tha

177 , and state-specific characteristics such as firearm ownership for 2013, firearm export rates, and no

178 er countries, show that legislation reducing firearm ownership lowers firearm suicide rates.

179 the world regarding the relationship between firearm ownership rates and firearm suicide rates and th

180 o substantial increases in the prevalence of firearm ownership.

181 s to have tracked risks from commencement of firearm ownership.

182 Views varied by firearm ownership: 54% (CI, 52% to 57%) of gun owners sa

183 psychiatric illness, deployment history, and firearms ownership were lacking.

184 means safety (such as restricting access to firearms, poisons, and medications and installing barrie

185 "Relinquishment" laws prohibit firearm possession and also explicitly require offenders

186 harming themselves or others by restricting firearm possession and purchase.

187 ), some states have adopted laws restricting firearm possession by intimate partner violence (IPV) of

188 findings suggest that state laws restricting firearm possession by persons deemed to be at risk for p

189 patients and discuss the importance of safe firearm practices.

190 lay any role in recent dramatic increases in firearm prevalence remains an open question.

191 arm control and partially drive increases in firearm prevalence.

192 rtality were universal background checks for firearm purchase (multivariable IRR 0.39 [95% CI 0.23-0.

193 mentation of universal background checks for firearm purchase could reduce national firearm mortality

194 For firearms purchased privately within the previous 2 years

195 rease in the number of background checks for firearm purchases.

196 un shows may be due to California's stricter firearm regulations.

197 eases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification firearm-related cause-of-injury codes.

198 (GSR) is an evidence of major importance in firearm-related crimes.

199 es for counseling and intervention to reduce firearm-related death and injury.

200 nsel their patients to reduce their risk for firearm-related death or serious injury.

201 he strongest evidence of an association with firearm-related death rate, with a probability of 0.97 t

202 earm violence reach beyond the nearly 40,000 firearm-related deaths and 90,000 firearm-related injuri

203 The analyses were based on 13,060 firearm-related deaths in 2015, with 11,244 non-mass sho

204 ov 1, 2014, to May 15, 2015, using counts of firearm-related deaths in each US state for the years 20

205 gest that a small but meaningful decrease in firearm-related deaths may be associated with the implem

206 31,672 firearm-related deaths occurred in 2010 in the USA (10.1

207 We evaluated the effects on total firearm-related deaths of three classes of gun laws: chi

208 ed effect corresponds to an 11% reduction in firearm-related deaths relative to the permissive legal

209 lity of being associated with a reduction in firearm-related deaths relative to the permissive policy

210 lity of being associated with an increase in firearm-related deaths was 0.87 for RTC laws and 0.77 fo

211 Latitude and longitude coordinates on firearm-related deaths were previously collected by the

212 n 2005 and 2013 (n = 915 shows) and rates of firearm-related deaths, emergency department visits, and

213 er state firearm legislation correlated with firearm-related fatality rates (FFR) during a 15-year pe

214 al, agent, and environmental level to reduce firearm-related harm was examined.

215 ation, and social spending-with neighborhood firearm-related homicides and mass shootings in the Unit

216 e anatomic triage criteria for patients with firearm-related injuries are simple.

217 rly 40,000 firearm-related deaths and 90,000 firearm-related injuries each year.

218 This study is a retrospective analysis of firearm-related injuries in residents of Cook County, Il

219 Undertriage of firearm-related injuries is a good model for evaluating

220 Survivors of firearm-related injuries suffer long-term sequelae such

221 e is limited information about patients with firearm-related injuries undertriaged to nondesignated f

222 Undertriage of firearm-related injuries was much more prevalent than ex

223 A total of 100,704 victims of firearm-related injuries were identified, of which 13.3%

224 are 19 trauma centers, 2842 of 9886 (28.7%) firearm-related injuries were initially treated in nonde

225 effectiveness of clinical efforts to prevent firearm-related injuries, and what patients think about

226 ion, and clinical outcomes of undertriage of firearm-related injuries.

227 The endemic firearm-related injury rates during the first decade of

228 Among the 4934 cases with firearm-related injury who met the anatomic triage crite

229 CI, 3.4% to 15.5% reduction) and 14.0% lower firearm-related IPH rates (CI, 5.1% to 22.0% reduction)

230 ctor) and annual, state-specific, total, and firearm-related IPH rates (outcome).

231 th negative binomial regression, and data on firearm-related mass killings were compared.

232 Pediatric firearm-related morbidity and mortality are rising in th

233 Our primary outcome measure was overall firearm-related mortality per 100,000 people in the USA

234 from 64% of respondents, with a total of 641 firearms removed.

235 cide ideation or attempt; number and type of firearms removed; and ERPO petition outcome (granted or

236 Current firearm research largely focuses on mortality and short-

237 State scorecards were obtained from firearm-restrictive (Brady Campaign/Law Center against G

238 lethal method (89.6% of suicidal acts with a firearm resulted in death), followed by drowning (56.4%)

239 rofessionals to talk to their patients about firearms?" Results: A majority (66% [95% CI, 63% to 69%]

240 es analysis of a casing after discharge of a firearm revealing organic signature molecules including

241 lly salient health issues, such as drug use, firearm safety, and sexual behavior.

242 owners residing in states regulating private firearm sales and 57% (CI, 40% to 75%) for those living

243 ing in states without regulations on private firearm sales.

244 ially in states that do not regulate private firearm sales.

245 Adjusted odds ratios for firearm-specific suicide were calculated with 95% CIs.

246 cs Query and Reporting System, data about 25 firearm state laws implemented in 2009, and state-specif

247 ized health issues (marijuana, abortion, and firearm storage).

248 ration in the preexisting downward trend for firearm suicide (ratio of trends, 0.981; 95% CI, 0.970-0

249 nt implementation and outcome evaluation for firearm suicide prevention.

250 tionship between firearm ownership rates and firearm suicide rates and the potential effectiveness of

251 ilability and access to firearms has lowered firearm suicide rates in other countries but does not ap

252 temporal variations in firearm ownership and firearm suicide rates indicate that greater firearm avai

253 rearm availability is associated with higher firearm suicide rates.

254 egislation reducing firearm ownership lowers firearm suicide rates.

255 We linked 211,766 firearm suicides and 204,625 nonfirearm suicides in the

256 ss of policy-based strategies for preventing firearm suicides in the United States.

257 Strengthening gun control may reduce firearm suicides overall but may increase nonfirearm sui

258 nfidence interval: 0.938, 0.996) decrease in firearm suicides.

259 s were more likely to attempt suicide with a firearm than those never deployed (currently deployed: O

260 weapon carrying, community Environment, and firearm Threats) score was derived.

261 rms and disclosing patient information about firearms to others, even when threats to health and safe

262 hich disclosure of patient information about firearms to third parties is supported by regulations im

263 rm injuries were stratified into 3 groups by firearm type: handgun, shotgun, and semiautomatic rifle.

264 Firearm violence (victimization/perpetration) and valida

265 Interpersonal firearm violence among youth is a substantial public hea

266 We must collect robust data on firearm violence and its consequences.

267 n between living in a neighborhood with high firearm violence and preterm delivery, and assessed whet

268 Treating firearm violence as a disease and taking a public health

269 izes the physical and mental consequences of firearm violence but also focuses our attention on under

270 ere enrolled, and presence/absence of future firearm violence during follow-up could be ascertained i

271 SaFETy was associated with firearm violence in the validation set (odds ratio [OR],

272 Firearm violence is a major public health challenge in t

273 studied when the relative impact of American firearm violence is considered.

274 pid, focused response when risk for imminent firearm violence is high.

275 Firearm violence may indirectly affect health among preg

276 5 risk strata observed in the training data, firearm violence rates in the validation set were 18.2%

277 The consequences of firearm violence reach beyond the nearly 40,000 firearm-

278 Firearm violence was associated with risk of preterm del

279 Firearm violence, including self-harm, assault, and unin

280 derive a clinically feasible risk index for firearm violence.

281 guide resource allocation for prevention of firearm violence.

282 They are the most visible form of firearm violence.

283 e questionnaire items and is associated with firearm violence.

284 creening, and interventions for survivors of firearm violence.

285 s to be classified as having a high level of firearm violence.

286 ns have unique opportunities to help prevent firearm violence.

287 i-level interventions to reduce the harms of firearm violence.

288 nd treatment is key to reducing the harms of firearm violence.

289 hnological, and individual levels to prevent firearm violence.

290 At least 1 firearm was removed from 64% of respondents, with a tota

291 Patterns of injuries from a firearm were more isolated to individual body regions wi

292 to 25%) said that provider discussions about firearms were always appropriate, 14% (CI, 11% to 16%) s

293 did not explicitly require relinquishment of firearms were associated with a non-statistically signif

294 Fifty-two firearms were recovered.

295 Firearms were the most lethal method (89.6% of suicidal

296 ian practices in asking and counseling about firearms, which are done far less commonly than recommen

297 re providers have been encouraged to discuss firearms with patients; whether patients view these disc

298 n, emphasizing that physicians may ask about firearms (with rare exceptions), may counsel about firea

299 2% of current U.S. gun owners who acquired a firearm within the past 2 years did so without a backgro

300 ers who reported obtaining their most recent firearm within the previous 2 years reported doing so wi

301 S. gun owners who acquired their most recent firearm without a background check, by time since and ma

302 a smaller proportion of gun owners obtaining firearms without background checks than in the past, mil