ライフサイエンスコーパス: flower

1 e pistil, the female reproductive organ of a flower.

2 whorls, but also in the second whorl of the flower.

3 h including a bract (lemma) with an axillary flower.

4 ning flights when leaving a newly discovered flower.

5 acity associated with the leaves, fruit, and flowers.

6 own to regulate bilateral symmetry in single flowers.

7 a relatively short period within developing flowers.

8 at incomplete penetrance in the first-formed flowers.

9 as selective and so accept a wider range of flowers.

10 ir degradation and persistence in developing flowers.

11 rkable diversity of pigmentation patterns in flowers.

12 suppression of PTGS by PVCV causes blotched flowers.

13 t identified ANT binding sites in developing flowers.

14 y increased in CsANRa and CsMYB5b transgenic flowers.

15 e networks directing internode growth during flowering.

16 metaxylem, and its expression is induced by flowering.

17 ch as accelerated shoot elongation and early flowering.

18 lity is due to reduced DNA replication after flowering.

19 IPs with promotive and repressive effects on flowering.

20 consistent under drought stress initiated at flowering.

21 expression of several genes to mediate early flowering.

22 onents and the accessory proteins, EMBRYONIC FLOWER 1 (EMF1), LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 (LHP1), a

23 TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and their ort

24 the origins of vascular tissues, seeds, and flowers [1].

25 The transgenic lines produced flowers 16 months after transformation and flower buds a

26 The evening complex consists of EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3)(4,7), a large scaffold protein and ke

27 rain yield (0.12-1.67 t ha(-1)), days to 50% flowering (68.3-126.3 days), and plant height (128.9-298

28 Semelparous annual plants flower a single time during their 1-yr life cycle, inves

29 A recent claim that evening primrose flowers adaptively secrete nectar in response to vibrati

30 A wave of green leaves and multi-colored flowers advances from low to high latitudes each spring.

31 ct the reproductive benefits of synchronized flowering after fire can alleviate mate-finding Allee ef

32 directionality of root growth, and aberrant flower and fruit morphology.

33 e flower when they can memorize views of the flower and its surroundings.

34 ators can mimic the blooming of the Michelia flower and perform self-propelled motion.

35 different molecular mechanisms to coordinate flower and seed development at the proper time of the ye

36 ameters, particularly plant height (32-58%), flower and siliques dimensions, and seed weight (11-13%)

37 enzyme activity were assessed at vegetative, flowering and grain-filling stages of maize.

38 DSW experienced higher temperature during flowering and had shorter vegetative and maturation peri

39 expression of JAZ4DeltaJas results in early flowering and increased length of root, hypocotyl, and p

40 stigate the genetic pathways that coordinate flowering and inflorescence development of wheat (Tritic

41 detected strong signals associated with both flowering and maturity time in a genomic region containi

42 , root and shoot growth and architecture, to flowering and seed production.

43 ication treatments, as well as the timing of flowering and senescence.

44 n of CYCLIN C1 orthologs in the promotion of flowering and the maintenance of normal reproductive dev

45 ropriate level of activity, leading to early flowering and vigorous growth traits preferentially sele

46 We observed blotched flowers and a vein-clearing symptom in aged petunia plan

47 seed and 5-10 mug of Se/g dry weight (DW) in flowers and leaves.

48 ndicating potential for reduced synchrony of flowers and pollinators under climate change.

49 s study, the chemical composition of leaves, flowers and stems of jambu cultivated in hydroponic and

50 about how flowering offset (i.e., ending of flowering) and duration of populations of the same speci

51 gher P3b response for task relevant stimuli (flowers), and higher Late Positive Potential (LPP) respo

52 rlying floral scent biosynthesis; and winter flowering, and highlight the utility of multi-omics data

53 ial to the evolution of sexual dimorphism in flowers, and our experiments support these findings.

54 umulated up to 200 mg of Se/kg DW in leaves, flowers, and seeds.

55 linators to carry pollen from male to female flowers, and their sexual dimorphism might thus facilita

56 Here, we found that flowers appear to manipulate the behavior of pollinators

57 to begin deciphering why certain aspects of flowering are seemingly so conserved, and what the impli

58 While the cues that trigger flowering are well-understood, little is known about wha

59 This result demonstrates that larger flowers are not simple carbon copies of small ones, indi

60 e downstream targets of ANT and AIL6/PLT3 in flowers are unknown, however.

61 een described as part of complexes promoting flowering at the meristem, and little is known about the

62 fied OsFD4 as a component of a FAC promoting flowering at the shoot apical meristem, downstream of Os

63 ifferent physiological growth stages (before flowering, beginning of flowering, pod-set and pod-fill

64 lotype blocks control a 77-day difference in flowering between ecotypes of the silverleaf sunflower H

65 Here, we use allometries relating different flower biomass components across species to test the exi

66 e-male competition is an important driver of flower biomass evolution and sex allocation strategies a

67 Based on a global dataset with flower biomass spanning five orders of magnitude, we sho

68 frost has clear benefits for the survival of flower buds and flowers, such phenological advancement m

69 d flowers 16 months after transformation and flower buds appeared 30-40 days on juvenile immature sci

70 Dried flower buds of Japanese sophora (Sophora japonica) compr

71 productive success depends on making fertile flowers but also upon developing appropriate shoot inter

72 tion of VRN2 does not enhance its effects on flowering, but does potentiate its repressive effects on

73 Furthermore, the synchronization of flowering by burning may improve mating opportunities, r

74 suggesting that it could modulate the end of flowering by controlling responses to both endogenous an

75 Here, we show that Flower Ca(2+) channel-dependent phosphatidylinositol 4,5

76 Remarkably, PI(4,5)P(2) directly enhances Flower channel activity, thereby establishing a positive

77 The variation of flower color is consistent with not only the observed ca

78 otenoid degradation in L. japonica's dynamic flower coloration.

79 We combine quantitative flower colour data for 339 species from a broad spatial

80 theses about how macroecological patterns in flower colouration relate to biotic and abiotic conditio

81 DF, while conferring flowering competence, favors a high tolerance to freezin

82 respectively lead to freezing tolerance and flowering competence.

83 es that resemble hemispheres, fire balloons, flowers, concave lenses, saddle surfaces, waterdrops, an

84 hat can be influenced by innate preferences, flower constancy, the composition of the choice set and

85 for high-resolution microscopy of developing flowers continuously for up to several days.

86 t is known about the phylogenetic pattern of flowering control in grasses, and how this relates to br

87 ine previously uncharacterized components of flowering control pathways in the long-day legume, pea (

88 t frost have advanced much more rapidly than flowering dates.

89 one and auxin signaling in the regulation of flower development across diverse thermal environments.

90 Flower development also provides an excellent model for

91 eld that had been previously associated with flower development and flower opening.

92 ge of genes involved in floral induction and flower development are upregulated in the mutant.

93 etwork behind the compound inflorescence and flower development in this angiosperm family.

94 gene content and expression profiles during flower development in wild and cultivated accessions sho

95 nes are synergistically required to maintain flower development.

96 genes that regulate flowering transition and flower development.

97 tial perianth expansion during mid- and late flower developmental stages by promoting cell division i

98 hat Hopkins' Bioclimatic Law also applies to flowering durations for summer-blooming species and herb

99 We found longer flowering durations in warmer areas, which is more obvio

100 Empirical forecast models suggested that flowering durations will be longer in 2030 and 2050 unde

101 highfidelity replicate of the original limb (Flowers et al. 2017).

102 epicatechin carbocation in CsANRa transgenic flower extracts formed dimeric procyanidin B1 or B2, dem

103 teins important for determining when a plant flowers (focusing on FLOWERING LOCUS C, FRIGIDA, and CON

104 Some common flowers (for example, Lychnis flos-cuculi) harboured mul

105 also exhibit slow root and stem growth, slow flower formation, defective directionality of root growt

106 ming vegetative SAM to an inflorescence- and flower-forming reproductive SAM.

107 In this study, M. oleifera flowers, fruits and seeds from Guinea-Bissau were charac

108 The strongest signal resides in the known flowering gene E2, verifying the effectiveness of our ap

109 ute to the transcriptional regulation of key flowering genes, including the induction of the florigen

110 t correlation matrix, genotypes with delayed flowering had lower SLA (thicker, tougher leaves) regard

111 ) and 70% of flower species (8.7% individual flowers) had at least one parasite in or on them, respec

112 for changes in year-round flowering, we show flowering has become earlier for all communities except

113 quality reward for pollinators, whereas male flowers have a more conspicuous appearance.

114 Cucurbit flowers have no morphological adaptations to limit polle

115 ne that specifies ray flower identity at the flower head margin in the model plant Gerbera hybrida We

116 ulators of GhCYC3, a gene that specifies ray flower identity at the flower head margin in the model p

117 an interplay between promotion and delay of flowering in different climates to balance survival and,

118 owever, the molecular processes underpinning flowering in nature remain poorly understood.

119 To understand how fruits regulate flowering in polycarpic plants, we focused on alternate

120 , or less rapidly, than the date of onset of flowering in response to climate warming.

121 nts remain dormant through the winter before flowering in spring.

122 ccurred during fall or spring and stimulated flowering in the subsequent summer, thus synchronizing r

123 sis overexpressing siR109944 exhibited early flowering, increased tiller numbers, and increased susce

124 ermore, BdES43 was antagonistic to BdFTL2 in flowering initiation in a transcription-dependent manner

125 flowering, whereas BdFTL2 was essential for flowering initiation.

126 We found flowering involves a stepwise increase in the expression

127 s become longer when the reward offered by a flower is increased.(3) We show here that bumblebees beh

128 aintaining sufficient water transport during flowering is essential for proper organ growth, fertiliz

129 In many perennial plants, seasonal flowering is primarily controlled by environmental condi

130 Flowering is regulated by genes that respond to changing

131 Wildtype floral organ number in early formed flowers is labile, demonstrating that floral meristem ma

132 A new way to culture and image flowers is uncovering the processes that take place in r

133 tral C(3) photosynthesis in a broad range of flowering land plant families and in both monocots and d

134 volatile markers of saffron from its allied flowers, later found enriched in estragole, beta-caryoph

135 Asteraceae, is characterized by compressed, flower-like inflorescences that may bear phenotypically

136 r an instability that leaves behind striking flower-like patterns.

137 Hierarchical marigold flower-like Zn layer decorated by n-type dichalcogenides

138 cular function we identified the Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) as a direct target and found icu

139 pressive complex 2 to epigenetically silence FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) during vernalization, is central

140 in expression levels of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) leads to differences in vernaliz

141 lated genes, such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), AGAMOUS (AG) and APETALA 3 (AP3

142 etermining when a plant flowers (focusing on FLOWERING LOCUS C, FRIGIDA, and CONSTANS), highlight som

143 TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and their orthologs antagonistica

144 r DF is characterized by an up-regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) postvernalization independent of

145 FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein, physiologically florigen

146 (probably through deletion of a homologue of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)), and are associated with seed si

147 epressor of flowering-related genes, such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), AGAMOUS

148 ves a stepwise increase in the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (FT1), which initiates under day-neut

149 pletion of spikelet formation is promoted by FLOWERING LOCUS T2, which regulates spikelet number and

150 nd we add that bumblebees face an artificial flower more when the concentration of the sucrose soluti

151 rn formation in plants, such as phyllotaxis, flower morphogenesis, or lateral root initiation, have b

152 By contrast, iteroparous perennial plants flower multiple times over several years, and partition

153 Consistent with the rapid-flowering mutant phenotype, a range of genes involved in

154 Fine mapping of a rapid-flowering mutant was done using whole-genome sequence da

155 hemp, the present study proposes the use of flowers, normally regarded to as crop residues, as furth

156 Flowering of B. gracilis and soil respiration responded

157 Flowers of fragrant roses such as Rosa bourboniana are e

158 etacyanin rich extract was obtained from the flowers of Gomphrena globosa L. by ultrasound-assisted e

159 Lime flowers should include flowers of Tilia cordata Mill, T.x europaea L., and T. p

160 However, little is known about how flowering offset (i.e., ending of flowering) and duratio

161 removed the negative effect of asynchronous flowering on seed set.

162 Integrating flower opening time during cooler hours with increased p

163 ously associated with flower development and flower opening.

164 had been experimentally established as fully flowering or nonflowering.

165 ik mutant combinations phenocopying clv2/crn flower outgrowth defects.

166 ORYNE (CLV2/CRN) is necessary for continuous flower outgrowth during inflorescence development.

167 Environmental factors (pollen/flowers [P = .005] and damp air [P = .012]) were more co

168 distribute their effort when learning about flowers parallels the foraging behavior of a colony.

169 ed that bee phenology is less sensitive than flower phenology to climatic variation, indicating poten

170 These changes in flowering phenology among communities and subpopulations

171 Competitive treatments altered selection on flowering phenology and plant architecture, with signifi

172 so points to a mechanism by which changes in flowering phenology can affect plant reproduction of mas

173 A new study examined how flowering phenology has changed over the past three deca

174 rovides critical insight into drivers of key flowering phenophases and confirms that Hopkins' Bioclim

175 resulted in Arabidopsis plants with a rapid flowering phenotype similar to that of plants with mutat

176 erennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effe

177 Apomixis, widespread across flowering plant orders, does not occur in major crop spe

178 Flowering plant SEC14L-PITPs often have modular structur

179 e sperm cell can produce viable progeny in a flowering plant.

180 Flowering plants (angiosperms) are characterized by poll

181 n clades, for which there are at least 16 in flowering plants (angiosperms); however, there is eviden

182 ts into epigenetic homeostasis mechanisms in flowering plants and mammals, highlighting analogous mec

183 Since ELF3 and GI are conserved across flowering plants and represent important breeding and do

184 nated the list of highest risk species, with flowering plants and terrestrial invertebrates also repr

185 susceptible to temporal mismatch if bees and flowering plants differ in their phenological responses

186 emum Webb (Asteraceae), the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to the Macaronesian archipelago

187 Flowering plants rely on pollen tubes to transport their

188 Fertilization of flowering plants requires the organization of complex ta

189 In flowering plants, floral nectar spurs are a prime exampl

190 There are two main types of root systems in flowering plants, namely taproot systems of dicots and f

191 In flowering plants, pollen wall is a specialized extracell

192 In flowering plants, UV exposure favors larger areas of UV-

193 that has been lost in several lineages like flowering plants.

194 ential requirement of sexual reproduction in flowering plants.

195 lopment of complex and diverse morphology in flowering plants.

196 hesis is hypothesized as a key innovation in flowering plants.

197 undant and best studied mRNA modification in flowering plants.

198 ource for future studies on the evolution of flowering plants.

199 rn along the placenta inside the gynoecia of flowering plants.

200 expand current concepts on the evolution of flowering plants.

201 zospheric and internal hormonal functions in flowering plants.

202 questration, a function conserved across the flowering plants.

203 tal pigmentation patterning is widespread in flowering plants.

204 rowth stages (before flowering, beginning of flowering, pod-set and pod-fill periods) on nutritional

205 having high Tre6P levels, these plants never flowered, possibly because Tre6P signaling was disrupted

206 In this plant, female flowers present a higher-quality reward for pollinators,

207 nce meristem, thus controlling the number of flowers produced.

208 regulation by combining an accelerated birch flowering program with a recessive mutation at the ELIMA

209 has evolved unique fragrant aroma and winter-flowering properties, which are critical for its success

210 Coffee flowers proved to be a potential raw material for making

211 ncentration of the sucrose solution that the flower provides is higher.

212 s subsequently identified in extracts of the flower Psychotria colorata.

213 LHP1 is a transcriptional repressor of flowering-related genes, such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT),

214 This variation influences flowering responses of Arabidopsis accessions resulting

215 Water deficits that coincide with flowering result in leaf wilting, necrosis, tassel brown

216 neous utilization of leaf photosynthates for flowering, rhizome fortification, stress response and ti

217 ponents such as trunk (stem and bark), leaf, flower, seed, and root.

218 dation, BPMs play an important role in plant flowering, seed development and abiotic stress response.

219 s influenced by ubiquitination: induction of flowering, seed size, and pathogen responses.

220 nodes that optimally arrange and support the flowering shoot.

221 ly symmetrical flowers, we predict that such flowers should have developmental and/or behavioural mec

222 Lime flowers should include flowers of Tilia cordata Mill, T.

223 of function of SLB1 led to reduced leaf and flower size but increased lateral branch formation in M.

224 ombine mutations for condensed shoots, rapid flowering (SP5G) and precocious growth termination (SP).

225 e species (12.2% individual bees) and 70% of flower species (8.7% individual flowers) had at least on

226 Over 110 bee species and 89 flower species were screened, revealing that 42% of bee

227 AZ in a derived position below a cluster of flowers (spikelet).

228 ess either at early stages of development or flowering stage or both.

229 control and drought stressed PRLT2/89-33 at flowering stage than at the vegetative stage.

230 ches in the first and the second year during flowering stage.

231 is has been performed at both vegetative and flowering stages of a terminal drought tolerant genotype

232 The nonlethal collapse of a flowering stalk, for example, can greatly reduce plant f

233 Interestingly, in plants with heated shoots, flowers stayed closed during the day while the control f

234 dase expression in the leaf, male and female flowers, stem, and root tissues.

235 Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies)

236 ance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enha

237 Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control

238 Thus, flowering strips benefited colony reproduction by adding

239 y, colony reproduction was improved with any flowering strips compared to canola alone.

240 Although high-infection flowering strips increased colony infection intensity, c

241 Effects of flowering strips on colony reproduction were explained b

242 ained by nectar availability, but effects of flowering strips on infection intensity were not.

243 In agroecosystems, flowering strips or hedgerows are often used to augment

244 Both infection treatment and flowering strips reduced visits to canola, but we saw no

245 Comparison of these findings to a long-term flower study showed that bee phenology is less sensitive

246 benefits for the survival of flower buds and flowers, such phenological advancement may disrupt other

247 Greater within-season flowering synchrony in postfire mating scenes further in

248 Higher flowering synchrony yielded greater pollination efficien

249 tals to promote pollen export, while lighter flowers tend to be female-biased and invest more in sepa

250 f magnitude, we show that heavier angiosperm flowers tend to be male-biased and invest strongly in pe

251 dance is often coincident with the pulses of flowers that follow recent fire.

252 At the level of single flowers, the Asteraceae CYC genes show a unique function

253 e is no such reprieve under terminal stress (flowering through grain filling).

254 es are a source of food products called lime flowers (Tiliae flos), traditionally used in the form of

255 solated from one parent by the difference in flowering time and from the other by habitat adaptation

256 ed responses to chilling was correlated with flowering time and senescence to create a range of seaso

257 T (FT)), and are associated with seed size, flowering time and soil fertility in dune-adapted sunflo

258 size recent findings on the genetic basis of flowering time evolution as a way to begin deciphering w

259 ed from maize and encompassing ZCN8, a major flowering time gene associated with adaptation to high l

260 ngs indicate that climate change is shifting flowering time in complex ways, even across local spatia

261 on of RAV gene function in the regulation of flowering time in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous pl

262 Because flowering time is a complex, environmentally responsive

263 Flowering time is a key adaptive and agronomic trait.

264 Flowering time is one of these behaviors that can also a

265 dentified as a system integrator of numerous flowering time pathways in many studies, and its homolog

266 For instance, recent studies of flowering time variation have reconstructed how, when, a

267 pe II TFs regulate floral organ identity and flowering time, but type I TFs are relatively less chara

268 The nNILs were phenotyped for flowering time, height and resistance to three foliar di

269 , including young leaf serration and altered flowering time.

270 the early growth stage to jointly determine flowering time.

271 h directly upregulates J/GmELF3a to modulate flowering time.

272 e of the VEG2 gene from pea, associated with flowering time.

273 rthermore, we show that nonlinear changes in flowering times over the 33-year record are obscured by

274 However, flowering times shifted at different rates across elevat

275 spontaneum MADS-box genes and suggested that flower timing genes (SOC1 and SVP) may regulate vegetati

276 potential mates and overlap in the timing of flowering, to determine the extent to which fire influen

277 cation are homologues of genes that regulate flowering transition and flower development.

278 Upon exocytosis, Flower translocates from SVs to periactive zones, where

279 l, and were recruited to define differential flower type identities.

280 cences that may bear phenotypically distinct flower types.

281 l overcome heat stress-induced damage during flowering under current and future hotter climatic condi

282 Flowering under DF is characterized by an up-regulation

283 ved function as a repressor of photoperiodic flowering upstream of the floral activators OsMADS14 and

284 lizing an odor source, and a moth tracking a flower using vision.

285 In late-flowering vernalization-dependent ecotypes, VRN2 is only

286 SPM) deposition and changes in bee survival, flower visitation, heart rate, hemocyte levels, and expr

287 How do flower-visiting insects deal with complex multi-attribut

288 research on the decision strategies used by flower-visiting insects when making multi-attribute deci

289 importance of woody plants as resources for flower-visiting insects.

290 The plant-flower-visitor and plant-herbivore networks showed highe

291 miners, the vulnerability and modularity of flower-visitor networks was the most affected.

292 statistics to test for changes in year-round flowering, we show flowering has become earlier for all

293 s been suggested for bilaterally symmetrical flowers, we predict that such flowers should have develo

294 ayed closed during the day while the control flowers were open.

295 portion of the time turning back to face the flower when they can memorize views of the flower and it

296 ed that both BdFTL1 and BdFTL2 could promote flowering, whereas BdFTL2 was essential for flowering in

297 le differences between cultivars of the rose flower with reproduction over large areas shows that thi

298 e generating enlarged meristems that lead to flowers with extra organs and bigger fruits.

299 While l-morph individuals form flowers with long styles, short anthers, and small polle

300 mall pollen grains, S-morph individuals have flowers with short styles, long anthers, and large polle