ライフサイエンスコーパス: forelimb

1 signaled by muscle activity in the impaired forelimb.

2 the perilesion motor cortex and the paretic forelimb.

3 hing and wake movements of the contralateral forelimb.

4 ring the propulsive phase of the ipsilateral forelimb.

5 and instruct the definitive position of the forelimb.

6 or driving gene expression in the developing forelimb.

7 in the hindlimb to a greater extent than the forelimb.

8 nificantly lower Fgf10 expression in the emu forelimb.

9 l tortuous, dilated vessels prominent in the forelimbs.

10 he pectoral fins, equivalent to the tetrapod forelimbs.

11 l belt, but with no rhythmic activity in the forelimbs.

12 c and multijoint movements within and across forelimbs.

13 , saber-form serrated canine teeth, powerful forelimbs, a sloping back, and an enlarged optic bulb, a

14 Here, we developed a mouse model to study forelimb adaptation to force field perturbations.

15 ble nigrostriatal denervation attenuated the forelimb akinesia improvement normally induced by STN DB

16 otect against alpha-syn-mediated deficits in forelimb akinesia, striatal denervation or loss of SNpc

17 p, does not disrupt multi-joint movements or forelimb alternation, nor does it translate to a non-wei

18 to map the former forepaw representation in forelimb amputated young adult rats (n=5) at 7 to 24 wee

19 we examined the thalamocortical pathway in 2 forelimb-amputated rats.

20 Previously, we reported that, 6 weeks after forelimb amputation in young adult rats, new input from

21 cuneate nucleus (CN) 1 to 30 weeks following forelimb amputation showed that CN played an insignifica

22 e-scale cortical reorganization that follows forelimb amputation.

23 imary somatosensory cortex (SI) that follows forelimb amputation.

24 prolong limb allograft viability in a swine forelimb amputation/replantation model.

25 throughout the second half of swing of each forelimb and ended when both forelimbs were in stance.

26 7ac and H3K27me3) analyses on its developing forelimb and hindlimb autopods at sequential embryonic s

27 sponsible for different aspects of recovered forelimb and hindlimb functions (i.e., stability, streng

28 n the following pairs of sympathetic nerves: forelimb and hindlimb muscle sympathetic fibres, as well

29 t to, and excite, both functionally similar (forelimb and hindlimb muscle) and functionally dissimila

30 ottip, were differentially expressed between forelimb and hindlimb, and across different stages.

31 regions that are differentially modified in forelimb and hindlimb.

32 ods for assessing spinal MU input in the rat forelimb and hindlimb.

33 raining improved manual skill in the paretic forelimb and induced the formation of special synapse su

34 orepaw and shoulder representation in VPL to forelimb and shoulder sites in SI.

35 mined the pattern of projection (a) from the forelimb and shoulder to SI, (b) from the forepaw and sh

36 mmon node in the genetic pathways regulating forelimb and sternum development, enabling specific adap

37 ic case, both SpVO and SpVIr are premotor to forelimb and vibrissa muscles, while only SpVO is premot

38 there are additional representations of the forelimb and whiskers, called the rostral forelimb area

39 back showed a greater vertical force in the forelimbs and a greater mid-thoracic flexion (n = 60).

40 mosquitoes rely on damping by deforming two forelimbs and buckling of the proboscis, which also serv

41 k slope have a greater contact area in their forelimbs and place them closer together when standing (

42 a high level of left-right asymmetry in the forelimbs and/or hindlimbs of the abnormal cyclopic tris

43 mechanisms by which distinct movements of a forelimb are generated from the same area of motor corte

44 mechanisms by which distinct movements of a forelimb are generated from the same area of motor corte

45 Scanning movements made by stick insects' forelimbs are modified for several seconds after a brief

46 heropods with greatly shortened and modified forelimbs, are known mostly from the Cretaceous of Asia

47 they are different from those for the caudal forelimb area (CFA) and the caudal whisker area (CWA) of

48 rolled cortical impact (CCI) over the caudal forelimb area (CFA) of the motor cortex.

49 Sources of inputs to RFA, caudal forelimb area (CFA), and caudal hindlimb region were det

50 , the rostral forelimb area (RFA) and caudal forelimb area (CFA), eliciting identical movements.

51 e and its likelihood of including the caudal forelimb area (CFA), rostral forelimb area (RFA), hindli

52 relimb movement representations, the rostral forelimb area (RFA) and caudal forelimb area (CFA), elic

53 he forelimb and whiskers, called the rostral forelimb area (RFA) and the rostral whisker area (RWA).

54 Only a rostral forelimb area (RFA) has been definitively described, bes

55 ding the caudal forelimb area (CFA), rostral forelimb area (RFA), hindlimb (HL) cortex (based on intr

56 re and spine number in the adjoining rostral forelimb area compared with that in the lesioned animals

57 ns indicate that CSNs from caudal or rostral forelimb area control reaching or grasping, respectively

58 thin laminar zone at the L3/5A border in the forelimb area of mouse M1 have multiple L4-like synaptic

59 cesses in the border region between head and forelimb areas of peri-infarct motor cortex.

60 ECN), which processes sensory input from the forelimbs, as a site of movement-dependent sensory gatin

61 in bipeds, and elongated and fully extended forelimbs, as in all apes (hominoids), Danuvius combines

62 rved in situ, along its vertebrae, ribs, and forelimbs, as well as a row of flat, keeled ventrolatera

63 ON stimulation, forelimb asymmetry was exacerbated, indicating alpha-syn

64 of rAAV2/5 alpha-syn results in progressive forelimb asymmetry, loss of striatal dopaminergic termin

65 ons of the cuneate fasciculus subserving the forelimb at cervical levels 5-6, the hand region in cont

66 orectal cancer cells and in developing mouse forelimbs, BCL9 proteins sustain the action of beta-cate

67 as delivered during physical retraining of a forelimb behavior and throughout the day for 3 mo.

68 ct organization and function control skilled forelimb behavior, orofacial movements, and locomotion.

69 Skilled forelimb behaviors are among the most important for stud

70 grasp area during the performance of skilled forelimb behaviors using a reversible cortical cooling d

71 The forelimb bones in Drepanosaurus represent previously unk

72 In developing forelimbs, both TBX3 and BCL9 occupy a large number of W

73 egion of areas 2-5 responded to parts of the forelimb but not to digits after an extensive lesion of

74 3b and 1 was reactivated by inputs from the forelimb, but excluded representations of some or all di

75 opment of the highly modified alvarezsaurian forelimb, but it possesses a number of manual features c

76 Using a forelimb CD model, 4 groups of Lewis rats were examined

77 inhibition of TrkA signaling following axial forelimb compression was observed to reduce measures of

78 load-induced bone formation induced by axial forelimb compression.

79 y and stimulation had significantly improved forelimb control compared with rats with injury alone an

80 the motor cortex (M1) map, to support early forelimb control.

81 derstand the evolution of fluke-powered, but forelimb-controlled, locomotion.

82 ct these CPGs are thought to secure hindlimb-forelimb coordination, ensuring that diagonal limb pairs

83 ning and bone formation, including shortened forelimbs, craniosynostosis, and clinodactyly.

84 (Hoxa5, Hoxb5, and Hoxc5) leads to anterior forelimb defects resulting from derepression of Shh expr

85 king RA synthesis that exhibit body axis and forelimb defects.

86 Following neonatal forelimb denervation in P5 mice, we first outlined the m

87 of positive selection in genes important for forelimb development (TBX5) and connective tissues (COL1

88 ranscription factor that regulates heart and forelimb development in vertebrates and functional defic

89 In tests of forelimb dexterity, however, Sox11 overexpression in the

90 y stable base on which to operate a powerful forelimb digging mechanism.

91 mains resulted in loss of evoked movement in forelimb domains in PPCr.

92 We conclude that plesiosaurs were forelimb-dominated swimmers that used their hind limbs m

93 h evidence of persistent disuse of the right forelimb during feeding and right hindlimb during locomo

94 The use of the impaired forelimb during spontaneous feeding and the impaired hin

95 etid preserves the first skull, scapular and forelimb elements, plus associated vertebrae, known for

96 in unison rather than alternately), and the forelimb entered medially, dug in as the paddle tip gain

97 this observation, manual stimulation of the forelimb evoked RN responses.

98 receptive fields (RFs) on the contralateral forelimb exhibited frequency modulation of their activit

99 The unique emu forelimb expression of Nkx2.5, previously associated wit

100 inate receptors, causes locomotor arrest and forelimb extension (a unique behavioral characteristic o

101 However, the emu forelimb fails to subsequently proliferate.

102 particular display a mosaic distribution of forelimb features.

103 n split c.8 Ma among >120 head-neck (HN) and forelimb (FL) muscles there were only four minor changes

104 rement of CSNs in the execution of a skilled forelimb food-pellet retrieval task in mice.

105 ing, indicate an increased adaptation of the forelimb for active flapping flight in the early evoluti

106 cular speed and force, and thereby use their forelimbs for both rapid gestural displays and powered l

107 that the track-making nothosaurs used their forelimbs for propulsion, they generally rowed (both for

108 ranscription factor gene Tbx5 in sternum and forelimb formation and show that both structures share a

109 ional synapse formation and improved skilled forelimb function after grafting multipotent neural prog

110 eneration of corticospinal axons and restore forelimb function after spinal cord injury(1); however,

111 transplantation rodent model with successful forelimb function restoration under immunosuppression.

112 aining (RT) promotes improvements in paretic forelimb function that have been linked with its promoti

113 To test whether recovery of forelimb function was attributable to ipsilateral contro

114 segments associated with distinct aspects of forelimb function.

115 jury alone, inactivation caused worsening of forelimb function; the initial deficit was reinstated.

116 ressing a high degree of pectoral girdle and forelimb functional diversity associated with fully pela

117 ed edema, prolonged hemorrhage, and impaired forelimb functional recovery.

118 Adult rats learned a skilled forelimb grasping task and then, underwent destructive l

119 Treadmill exercise capacity, forelimb grip strength, and in vivo maximum tetanic forc

120 urvival, but other measurements of strength (forelimb grip strength, ex vivo measurements of contract

121 he prevention of fibrosis and restoration of forelimb grip strength.

122 n, central nucleation, fibrosis and declined forelimb grip strength.

123 tural relationships between the bones of the forelimb have remained largely unchanged throughout the

124 wings were the key innovation, for moles the forelimbs have undergone a similarly dramatic structural

125 ssues, including the body axis, spinal cord, forelimbs, heart, eye and reproductive tract.

126 ues to interrogate the mechanisms underlying forelimb heterochrony in emu embryos.

127 ysiology and mechanics of the pectoral fins, forelimb homologs, in the fish family Labridae.

128 itional forebrain deletion of EphA4, display forelimb hopping in adaptive locomotion and exploratory

129 om a partial transformation from hindlimb to forelimb identity mediated by cis-regulatory changes in

130 ptamine resulted in altered movements of the forelimb in a skilled reaching task as well as higher mo

131 approach to study the macroevolution of the forelimb in primates, a structure whose proportions and

132 rtical area was dedicated to controlling the forelimb in Ryk conditional knockout mice than in contro

133 siveness to tactile stimuli delivered to the forelimb in transected animals that received passive bik

134 ion experiments result in deformed or absent forelimbs in all taxa studied to date.

135 ramide resulted in enhanced grip strength of forelimbs in male and female mice, better balance on the

136 The role of the forelimbs in the functional diversification of therapsid

137 evolution of bipedalism and the loss of the forelimbs in weight support and propulsion would have re

138 ancer drives expression in hindlimbs but not forelimbs, in locations that have been specifically modi

139 , activate and repress the expression of the forelimb initiation gene Tbx5 and instruct the definitiv

140 Tbx5 plays a pivotal role in vertebrate forelimb initiation, and loss-of-function experiments re

141 premotor signals through dual innervation of forelimb-innervating motor neurons and precerebellar neu

142 ed the emergence of Ark2C (-/-) -like dorsal forelimb innervation deficits confirming that enhancemen

143 , we used electrophysiological recordings in forelimb intact adult rats (n=8) to map the body represe

144 used stimulation and recording techniques in forelimb intact rats (n=5) and examined the pattern of p

145 and stimulation and recording techniques in forelimb intact rats (n=9) to examine the cuneothalamic

146 tes in CN that are latent or subthreshold in forelimb intact rats.

147 ysis revealed that, during gastrulation, the forelimb, interlimb, and hindlimb fields are progressive

148 Its forelimb is intermediate in morphology between stem ceta

149 d elongation of the hindlimb relative to the forelimb is not simply due to growth mechanisms that cha

150 The tetrapod forelimb is one of the most versatile structures in vert

151 The forelimb is strongly negatively allometric relative to t

152 iorally relevant concurrent movements of the forelimb, jaw, nose, and vibrissae.

153 From the outset, all forelimb joints were represented.

154 ave emphasized the influence of hindlimb vs. forelimb lengths on sauropodomorph stance.

155 sion of Lbx1, are specified in the somite at forelimb level, but endothelial progenitors are absent.

156 At the forelimb level, endothelial and myogenic cells migrate f

157 ds of layer 2/3 neurons while mice learned a forelimb lever-press task over two weeks.

158 For example, deactivating M1 forelimb lift domains resulted in loss of evoked movemen

159 deactivating a specific domain in M1 (e.g., forelimb lift) resulted in loss of evoked movement in a

160 ns, we studied outcome signals in the murine forelimb M1.

161 ted the long-range circuits of CSPs in mouse forelimb-M1 and S2.

162 The RN has a more complete forelimb map early in development than previous studies

163 l at the pelvis allowed hindlimb, trunk, and forelimb mechanical interactions.

164 rentially regulated and implicated increased forelimb mesenchymal condensation in differential growth

165 Forelimb mobility required by gliding occurs at the acro

166 forelimb, some locusts favouring their right forelimb more often, others their left.

167 of therapsids foreshadows the deployment of forelimb morphofunctional diversity in the evolutionary

168 ard nonmammaliaform therapsids display novel forelimb morphologies that have been linked to expanded

169 explain the linked adaptation of sternum and forelimb morphology correlated with mode of locomotion.

170 thus, a dramatic expansion of known tetrapod forelimb morphospace.

171 about the perturbation that is essential for forelimb motor adaptation.

172 loss of EphA4 signaling disrupts function of forelimb motor circuit and skilled reaching and grasping

173 nd rubrospinal tract (RST) are important for forelimb motor control.

174 Here, we investigated CT circuits in mouse forelimb motor cortex (M1) using multiple circuit-analys

175 harmacological inhibition of HCN channels in forelimb motor cortex decreases reaching accuracy and in

176 tract transection, half of the rats received forelimb motor cortex stimulation of the intact hemisphe

177 tissue after focal cortical stroke in mouse forelimb motor cortex.

178 neration and myelin sheath remodeling in the forelimb motor cortex.

179 -HT1A receptors, plays an excitatory role in forelimb motor map expression.

180 targeted to a relatively small region of the forelimb motor map, with an ischemic core of 0.07 +/- 0.

181 apid cerebellar feedback loop that modulates forelimb motor neuron activity and severely disrupts rea

182 In vivo intracellular recordings from forelimb motor neurons demonstrated increased corticoret

183 formed in vivo intracellular recordings from forelimb motor neurons in adult mice.

184 nts, uncovering a pronounced and stereotypic forelimb motor oscillation, the core features of which a

185 was delayed and age-dependent development of forelimb motor pool projections and putative rubromotone

186 rd more normal topography; and (5) trunk and forelimb motor representations that SCI-driven plasticit

187 The data reveal a 3D forelimb movement endpoint workspace that is represented

188 The precision of skilled forelimb movement has long been presumed to rely on rapi

189 hibited a significant peak of activity after forelimb movement onset, suggesting reafferent sensory p

190 In the present study, we investigated how forelimb movement representations and synaptic restructu

191 ation ICMS reveals two spatially distributed forelimb movement representations, the rostral forelimb

192 r synaptic integration, in the expression of forelimb movement responses during intracortical microst

193 paring premotor L5 and GrC activity during a forelimb movement task using dual-site two-photon Ca(2+)

194 Reward responses were not restricted to forelimb movement, as a Pavlovian task evoked similar re

195 urons implicated in the control of mammalian forelimb movement, cervical propriospinal neurons (PNs),

196 und that altering PN activity produced rapid forelimb movement.

197 ching while leaving intact other elements of forelimb movement.

198 Forelimb movements appeared first, followed by stepping-

199 Skilled forelimb movements are initiated by feedforward motor co

200 short-duration high-resolution ICMS to evoke forelimb movements following pharmacological (ZD7288), e

201 Mice initiated voluntary forelimb movements for delayed sugar-water reward.

202 rmance by training rats to execute ballistic forelimb movements for reward.

203 In contrast, the locusts' forelimb movements immediately prior to reaching, or whi

204 rease the representation of complex multiple forelimb movements in motor cortex as assessed by intrac

205 her with electromyography in mice during two forelimb movements that differ in their requirement for

206 lled prehension behavior, but left untrained forelimb movements unaffected.

207 ient rats, reaching accuracy was reduced and forelimb movements were altered during infusion of ZD728

208 wing that control of highly-specific skilled forelimb movements, such as reaching and grasping, requi

209 vides the PMd with a parallel path to elicit forelimb movements.

210 he motor cortex in the rat can evoke complex forelimb multi-joint movements, including movement of li

211 Here, we examined forelimb muscle patterns and motor cortical spiking data

212 vate functionally diverse tissues (heart and forelimb muscle).

213 s of lower motor neuron (LMN) innervation of forelimb muscles are lacking.

214 therapy delivery of human NT3 into affected forelimb muscles improves sensorimotor recovery after st

215 this issue, we compare the twitch speeds of forelimb muscles in a group of volant passerine birds, w

216 ion induces activation of only contralateral forelimb muscles in control mice, whereas it induces act

217 ural connectivity to motoneurons innervating forelimb muscles using intracellular recordings in acute

218 Treatment of affected forelimb muscles with an adeno-associated viral vector (

219 rd, targeted route (injections into disabled forelimb muscles).

220 SNs and motor neurons (MNs) targeting distal forelimb muscles, and sensory-specific depletion of Hoxc

221 ntermediate part control movements involving forelimb muscles, and those in the lateral part control

222 e aberrant central plasticity resulting from forelimb nerve transection.

223 ts, motor skill training with the nonparetic forelimb (NPT) following a unilateral infarct lessens th

224 We describe a distal forelimb of an enantiornithine bird from the Lower Creta

225 Forelimbs of wild-type and hCD46/HLA-E double transgenic

226 microstimulation (ICMS) and movements of the forelimb on a skilled reaching task.

227 s for propulsion, they generally rowed (both forelimbs operating in unison rather than alternately),

228 During deactivation of either forelimb or mouth/face movement domains within M1, we us

229 -like tissues selectively differentiate into forelimb- or hindlimb-type mesenchymes, depending on a c

230 cortical areas were recruited to control the forelimb over time.

231 enesis in the poststroke brain, using both a forelimb overuse manipulation that models a clinical neu

232 arct cortex; these effects are enhanced with forelimb overuse.

233 tial scaling patterns depending on the limb; forelimb parameters typically exhibit higher intercepts

234 Increased activity in the forelimb peri-infarct cortex via either modulation drive

235 NT3 increased the accuracy of forelimb placement during walking on a horizontal ladder

236 Notably, errors in precise forelimb placement emerged as a novel behavioral deficit

237 hus, locusts show handedness during targeted forelimb placement, but not whilst walking, the switch i

238 tivation might underlie natural variation in forelimb position between different birds.

239 ying the regulation and natural variation of forelimb positioning in avians show a direct and early r

240 On a forelimb reach and grasp task, TADSS animals recovered 6

241 Here we report that, while learning a forelimb reach task transiently suppresses oligodendroge

242 in the spinal cord and enhanced recovery of forelimb reaching and grasping function following a cerv

243 delivered during chronic stroke in a skilled forelimb reaching task.

244 rtex and to skilled motor behaviour during a forelimb reaching task.

245 rtex and to skilled motor behaviour during a forelimb reaching task.

246 in mouse cortex during the acquisition of a forelimb reaching task.

247 racy and increases atypical movements during forelimb reaching.

248 N and salmon fibrin had significantly higher forelimb-reaching scores.

249 learning, we trained rats to learn a skilled forelimb-reaching task while receiving anti-Nogo-A Abs.

250 mice have impaired motor skill learning of a forelimb-reaching task, compared with their wild-type (W

251 ydopamine lesioned rats performing a skilled forelimb-reaching task.

252 n a similar manner, recording sites from the forelimb region of areas 2-5 responded to parts of the f

253 underwent destructive lesions of the caudal forelimb region of the motor cortex, resulting in nearly

254 rts to understand the organization of the M1 forelimb representation in monkeys have focused on input

255 The forelimb representation in motor cortex (M1) is an impor

256 ent repertoire that can be elicited from the forelimb representation of primary motor cortex (M1) usi

257 s this knowledge gap, we first mapped the M1 forelimb representation with intracortical microstimulat

258 y observed a protrusion between hindlimb and forelimb representation, which in rats corresponds to th

259 ven into the somatotopic organization of the forelimb representation.

260 Our goal was to acquire a comprehensive M1 forelimb representational map of movement endpoints elic

261 Forelimb representations were diminished as a result of

262 gaze toward started in the beginning of each forelimb's swing and ended in its second half.

263 results reveal that C-T-C circuits of mouse forelimb S1 are primarily organized as multiple cortical

264 somatosensory (S1) cortex, focusing on mouse forelimb S1.

265 However, the phasing between hind and forelimbs shows considerable variation.

266 imb deafferentation, neurons in deafferented forelimb SI become responsive to previously unexpressed

267 oral fin skeleton, resembling aspects of the forelimb skeletal defects that define individuals with H

268 t Nature paper shows that activity in rodent forelimb somatosensory cortex is related to the animal's

269 stigated the function of PV-neurons in mouse forelimb somatosensory cortex.

270 bias differed among individuals, as did the forelimb, some locusts favouring their right forelimb mo

271 imulus parameters optimal for evoking stable forelimb spatial endpoints.

272 limb-specific transcription factor Pitx1 and forelimb-specific transcription factor Tbx5.

273 approaches revealed asymmetries in hind- and forelimb step length in a unilateral PD model, but not i

274 hologic circling and ameliorated deficits in forelimb stepping similarly to electrical DBS, while opt

275 resulting MeCP2-e1 deficient mice developed forelimb stereotypy, hindlimb clasping, excessive groomi

276 We observed decreased forelimb strength and exercise capacity in adult hemizyg

277 Unique features on its forelimbs suggest greater strength capabilities in flexi

278 This protocol describes learned forelimb tasks for mice using a two-axis robotic manipul

279 coincidentally involving modification of the forelimb) that allows them to exploit a huge resource of

280 rts fossil evidence for a successive loss of forelimbs then hindlimbs during snake evolution.

281 Here, we show that locusts are biased in the forelimb they use to reach across a gap in the substrate

282 tor axon extension as observed in the dorsal forelimb to shortening of presynaptic branches of the ph

283 s, birds exhibited shifts in investment from forelimbs to hindlimbs that were qualitatively similar t

284 ment for the pectoral muscles that allow the forelimbs to raise the body from the ground.

285 es of individual specimens, showing that the forelimb-to-hindlimb ratio changed rapidly during the fi

286 High-speed videography of forelimb twitches unexpectedly revealed a category of re

287 tern confirms that nonmammaliaform therapsid forelimbs underwent ecomorphological diversification thr

288 demonstrate a link between sternum size and forelimb use across avians and provide evidence that mod

289 Forelimb use asymmetry test was employed to evaluate fun

290 P inhibition, we saw an improved spontaneous forelimb use in mice that correlated with a decreased im

291 the gap was replaced with a glass platform; forelimb use was unbiased when stepping onto the glass s

292 placement, by damage in HL; and spontaneous forelimb use, by damage in CFA.

293 imulated plesiosaur swims primarily with its forelimbs using an unmodified underwater flight stroke,

294 nto the determination of limb morphology and forelimb versus hindlimb identity.

295 matics during swing phase of the ipsilateral forelimb were mirror images of the propulsive phase.

296 f swing of each forelimb and ended when both forelimbs were in stance.

297 Porcine forelimbs were perfused with whole, heparinized human or

298 ngs to a much larger individual with reduced forelimbs, which unfortunately lacks any preserved integ

299 lity: 4.5-11.3%), and MUNE measurements from forelimb wrist flexor muscles (415 +/- 8 [SEM]) align wi

300 ritical roles in skeletal homeostasis of the forelimb zeugopod (radius and ulna).