ライフサイエンスコーパス: foul

1 tivated carbon, and membranes (e.g., organic fouling).

2 meate flux, compound enrichment and membrane fouling).

3 d a mixture of these two solutions (combined fouling).

4 aning that traditional membranes are readily fouled.

5 sing surface zeta potential as the membranes fouled.

6 tion processes, and is essentially free from fouling.

7 ile preventing non-specific cell and protein fouling.

8 to regenerate the membrane performance after fouling.

9 emulsion separation is limited due to severe fouling.

10 arbons from frac and produced waters without fouling.

11 t and a need for periodic replacement due to fouling.

12 analyte concentration and increased surface fouling.

13 diated by rhamnolipids forewarning bacterial fouling.

14 odules, each exhibiting a different level of fouling.

15 nly partially effective to prevent long-term fouling.

16 ved that the electrode free from the surface fouling.

17 experienced both reversible and irreversible fouling.

18 mer brush layer to effectively repel protein fouling.

19 include corrosivity, evaporative losses and fouling.

20 s that can provide new insight into membrane fouling.

21 he sources of proteins resulting in membrane fouling.

22 se both irreversible and reversible membrane fouling.

23 tive agent in biofilm formation and membrane fouling.

24 terionic characteristic demonstrate ultralow fouling.

25 the AnMBR was not impacted by the extent of fouling.

26 cellular fluid and hence minimizes electrode fouling.

27 issues with corrosion, sulfide release, and fouling.

28 n, respectively, to longer term irreversible fouling.

29 rophobicity is a major drawback, which cause fouling.

30 rstand the molecular signatures of bacterial fouling.

31 tion, water desalination, and preventing bio-fouling.

32 , a component of natural organic matter that fouls activated carbons.

33 of the photoelectrode, many measurements of fouling analytes can be made on a single sensor with a s

34 ny medical and dental infections, industrial fouling and are also evident in ancient fossils.

35 The RO fouling and DBP formation behavior of anaerobic SMPs wer

36 surfaces which are naturally insensitive to fouling and degradation as compared to other approaches.

37 Subcutaneous sensor inflammatory response, fouling and fibrous encapsulation resulting from the hos

38 he use of a SPR biosensor based on ultra-low fouling and functionalizable poly(carboxybetaine acrylam

39 ues of consistent fluidic behaviour, channel fouling and high-throughput processing.

40 aightforward strategies to minimize membrane fouling and improve nanoparticle recovery by functionali

41 d to function in the protection of eggs from fouling and infection.

42 This is due to surface fouling and interference from the large concentration of

43 and power improvements, efforts to mitigate fouling and lower membrane and electrode cost will be eq

44 issues in conventional membrane filtration: fouling and membrane damage.

45 ed Nafion coating to alleviate the electrode fouling and preserve the time response of FSCV.

46 be readily used for real time monitoring of fouling and process control.

47 let microfluidic technologies reduce channel fouling and provide an improved level of control over he

48 lated positively with the extent of membrane fouling and ranged from 1.9 to 3.9.

49 branes also show excellent stable flux after fouling and superior mechanical properties of high press

50 t ionic strengths of 10 and 100 mM, membrane fouling and the BSA removal rate decreased significantly

51 We studied both the surface resistance to fouling and the functional capabilities of these brushes

52 g), polyacrylamide polymer solution (organic fouling) and a mixture of these two solutions (combined

53 d back to 5 when the membrane was critically fouled, and the achieved LRV remained stable at differen

54 h, in turn, modulate both assay selectivity, fouling, and sensitivity.

55 nt processes or support microbial corrosion, fouling, and sulfide release.

56 rve as a quantitative metric of the stealth, fouling, and targeting performance of nanoengineered par

57 layer on microfiltration membranes to resist fouling, and thus, we address a major challenge for oil-

58 wetting properties are of interest for anti-fouling, anti-fogging, anti-icing, self-cleaning, anti-s

59 er is also suitable for applications in anti-fouling, anti-smudge, anti-fog, and self-cleaning.

60 gistic combination of active and passive non-fouling approaches to increase biocompatibility and redu

61 Four major categories of microscopic fouling are observed: cake filtration (upstream), pore b

62 surface is one route to mitigating membrane fouling, as it helps to maintain high levels of water pr

63 ty cycle yield higher recovery by decreasing fouling associated with the cake layer.

64 These results support minimal fouling at hydrogenated carbon electrodes applied to dop

65 s of PRO membranes are particularly prone to fouling because of their direct contact with various fou

66 ity while simultaneously exhibiting ultralow-fouling behavior in complex food media.

67 s) present in wastewater give rise to unique fouling behavior that can be mitigated by preozonation.

68 of mixed matrix membrane with improved anti-fouling behaviour compared to the neat polymeric membran

69 ms of simplicity, cross-selectivity and (bio)fouling, besides the fact that its extraction does not d

70 mechanisms will lead to better management of fouling/biofouling in membrane technologies.

71 sponse to serum potassium in the presence of fouling biological components.

72 n compared with the most successful ultralow-fouling biorecognition coatings - poly(carboxybetaine ac

73 A label-free and low fouling biosensor based on functional polyethylene glyco

74 the feed wastewater stream channel severely fouled both the membrane support layer and feed spacer,

75 procedure is further combined with ultra-low-fouling brushes of random copolymer carboxybetaine metha

76 s biomolecules that not only inhibit surface fouling, but also promote the integration of medical dev

77 nstrated that HA could contribute to cathode fouling, but the extent of power reduction was relativel

78 nts, and does not appear to be significantly fouled by natural organic matter (NOM), highlighting the

79 oil-cleaning by water even with the surface fouled by oil before water contact under a dry state.

80 layer to prevent SERS-hotspot blockages and fouling by blood-serum proteins.

81 that lubricant infusion considerably reduces fouling by deceiving the mechanosensing ability of musse

82 and practise a novel concept to prevent bio-fouling by developing a killing and self-cleaning membra

83 t ozone pretreatment would minimize membrane fouling by DOM, while chlorine pretreatment would promot

84 ecause its porous structure is very prone to fouling by feeding river water.

85 reacted surface area rendered stable and low fouling by incorporation of PEG moieties.

86 rtainties such as the effect of long-term AC fouling by organic matter remain, the study findings sup

87 hanisms involved in functionalization of low-fouling carboxy-functional coatings have on the BRE capa

88 etter when compared with the widely used low-fouling carboxy-functional oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-

89 vated groups on recently developed ultra-low-fouling carboxybetaine polymer and copolymer brushes (pC

90 trochemical data is largely due to electrode fouling caused by polymerization of L-DOPA and endogenou

91 ical fields such as tissue-engineering, anti-fouling coating, and implantable biomaterials and sensor

92 sistance over various carboxy-functional low-fouling coatings including homopolymer pCB brushes and O

93 pproach permits fabrication of slippery anti-fouling coatings on complex surfaces and provides new me

94 s more effective than LUB and known ultralow fouling coatings.

95 of colonization and succession in a benthic fouling community.

96 SAuNPs@GO hybrid exhibited 80.57% lower BSA fouling compared with that of the cysteamine SAuNPs@GO s

97 motic pressure fouling experiments, membrane fouling constrained water flux to a singular, common upp

98 hat typical CIP conditions do not remove all fouling contaminants.

99 , porous) side of an asymmetric membrane for fouling control in pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), an e

100 velopments of AnMBR technology in low energy fouling control, increased flux, and management of efflu

101 hosis might lead to practical strategies for fouling control.

102 Membrane fouling could be avoided by prior removal of the spontan

103 It is demonstrated that the resistance to fouling decreases with the surface content of CBMAA; pol

104 nalized AT-SAM covalently with BSA decreased fouling down to the level comparable to unblocked pCBAA.

105 regation (downstream) and colloidal streamer fouling (downstream).

106 ans of purifying water, but they suffer from fouling during filtration.

107 lped to prevent the sensor chip surface from fouling during functionalization.

108 bic molecules primarily appeared to initiate fouling during microfiltration of untreated raw water be

109 Insect fouling during takeoff, climb and landing can result in

110 Due to the anti-fouling effect conferred by the carboxyl-PEG layer, we c

111 rease the efficiency, stability and the anti-fouling effect of a layer formed by surface modifying li

112 ectrochemical sensing, which compensates the fouling effect of propofol through machine learning (ML)

113 The fouling effect on electrodes discourages the possibility

114 reacting with MWCNT as well as an electrode-fouling effect.

115 s well as the protection of the surface from fouling effects.

116 he rate of electron transfer kinetics at the fouled electrode surface was determined from SECM approa

117 y(ethylene imine) structure under marine and fouling environments, available copper from natural seaw

118 nterface provided an excellent resistance to fouling even after the functionalization and allowed for

119 Fouling experiments are performed with three different t

120 both stepwise and constant osmotic pressure fouling experiments, membrane fouling constrained water

121 In the membrane fouling experiments, protein and alginate were used as m

122 mprising concentration polarization (CP) and fouling (F).

123 n, experimental scale and duration, membrane fouling, feed solution chemistry, draw solution composit

124 tial applications in the treatment of highly fouling feedwaters.

125 The fouled fibers can be easily regenerated by backwash of w

126 ncement and mitigation mechanisms of protein fouling, filtration experiments were carried out with po

127 nd with a stable and selective low-potential fouling-free anodic detection of NADH.

128 to 15 mol % maintain excellent resistance to fouling from a variety of homogenized foods (hamburger,

129 s have on the BRE capacity and resistance to fouling from blood plasma.

130 Fouling from complex biological fluids such as blood pla

131 s superior surface resistance regarding both fouling from complex food samples as well as the non-spe

132 at combine the ability to resist nonspecific fouling from complex media with high biorecognition elem

133 To examine a possible role in fouling from organic matter in water, cathodes were expo

134 d sensor also exhibited a high resistance to fouling from ~90% EL samples (<2 ng/cm(2)).

135 t, effective water activation, and anti-salt-fouling function, the hybrid hydrogel evaporators achiev

136 The SPRi chips were coated with ultra-low fouling functionalizable poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide)

137 ownstream colloidal aggregation and streamer fouling have a significant effect on overall membrane fo

138 ecreased membrane lifetimes, due to membrane fouling, have limited its application.

139 Effluent ARG data revealed that the highly fouled (HF) membrane significantly reduced the absolute

140 phosphate buffer], but suffered from surface fouling in 10% serum.

141 ultimately control the irreversible membrane fouling in a forward osmosis (FO) process.

142 The work investigates fouling in a microfluidic membrane mimic (MMM) filtratio

143 ion to eliminating the irreversible membrane fouling in an FO process.

144 engineering solutions to prevent biological fouling in infiltration systems.

145 A real time monitoring of fouling in liquid chromatography has been presented.

146 higher rate of reactivity loss from surface fouling in nonidealized matrixes (e.g., partially treate

147 gates the relationship between roughness and fouling in reverse osmosis (RO) through specially design

148 d colloids could have an important effect on fouling in SAnMBRs as they represent pioneering species

149 To study resin fouling in situ, we coupled affinity chromatography and

150 roperties opens up a viable solution for bio-fouling in ultrafiltration application for wastewater pu

151 id modified sensor resulted in a highly anti-fouling interface, while keeping the sensing capabilitie

152 Membrane fouling is a major challenge in water and wastewater tre

153 Membrane fouling is essentially eliminated, while a specific flux

154 ansport has remained a distant prospect, and fouling is nearly inevitable.

155 ng mechanisms, and demonstrate that membrane fouling is to some extent dependent upon the prevailing

156 Electrochemical fouling is typical for dopamine (DA) as its oxidation pr

157 drophilicity because once the surface is oil-fouled, it is hard to be re-wetted by water.

158 The fouling layer can be periodically cleared with backflush

159 interrupt cake formation and reintegrate the fouling layer into the sample, improving net permeate fl

160 ane filtration system, and the growth of the fouling layer was observed by using the structural imagi

161 study was to elucidate the role of membrane fouling layers (biofilms) in mitigating the release of i

162 were found to be significantly higher in the fouling layers compared to the suspended biomass, implyi

163 rtant relation between washing efficiency of fouling layers from membranes and their viscoelastic pro

164 Model fouling layers of extracellular polymeric substances (EP

165 ering species attaching to membranes to form fouling layers/biofilm.

166 hollow-fiber membranes, suffer from membrane fouling, leading to significant reliability and producti

167 llent surfaces typically work by keeping the fouling liquid in a metastable state, with trapped pocke

168 pores in the closed state, and creates a non-fouling, liquid-lined pore in the open state.

169 d stability, and lack of non-specific sensor fouling may enable long-term in situ sensor array operat

170 Fouling mechanism analysis revealed that complete pore b

171 n RO membrane fouling mechanisms, a novel RO fouling mechanism is proposed, in which foulant-membrane

172 ne curves were studied according to Hermia's fouling mechanisms and the resistance in a series model.

173 Among the already known RO membrane fouling mechanisms, a novel RO fouling mechanism is prop

174 In addition, fouling might be more easily controlled as the particles

175 Instead, optimizing fouling mitigation strategies, hydrodynamics at the memb

176 deactivation method affecting the ultra-low-fouling molecular structure of the brush and surface cha

177 For osmotic processes where membrane fouling occurs, membrane transport parameters A and B ma

178 ere examined for redness, pus, swelling, and foul odour on day 0, 1, 4, 10, and 28.

179 onstrate that pCBAA-compared to standard low-fouling OEG-based alkanethiolate self-assemabled monolay

180 eters captured the impact of DOM size on the fouling of 2-methylisoborneol and warfarin adsorption an

181 nstrate that ML-based model solves electrode fouling of anaesthetics.

182 The degree of DA fouling of different carbon electrodes with different te

183 d costly complication resulting from biofilm fouling of medical devices.

184 multidrug-tolerant infections in humans and fouling of medical devices.

185 ely more important contributors to long-term fouling of MFC cathodes.

186 n rates were, however, reduced by biological fouling of microplastic and in the presence of phytoplan

187 produced water treatment, including reducing fouling of physical-chemical treatment processes and dec

188 s pretreatments to mitigate organic chemical fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and the produ

189 r sensing, while improving resistance to the fouling of sensors by oxidation products in blood plasma

190 etamorphosis underpins processes such as the fouling of ship hulls, animal development in aquaculture

191 The contamination, passivation, or fouling of the detection electrodes is a serious problem

192 o procaine and dextromethorphan is caused by fouling of the electrode surface by their oxidized forms

193 The results showed that there was minimal fouling of the MnO2 coated membrane (0.5 kPa for 70 days

194 ing additional benefits such as reducing the fouling of the REIMS source and allowing for a simple me

195 s normally required to reduce or control the fouling of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in drinking wa

196 Viscous crude oil fouled on a fabric under a dry state was cleaned by imme

197 The effect of tissue fouling on CNT yarns was studied for the first time, and

198 y pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) processes, fouling on PRO membranes must be mitigated.

199 rtz crystal microbalance, and the effects of fouling on the membrane's performance were evaluated.

200 Under crossflow mode, fouling on the ridge-and-valley surface is not reduced t

201 In order to prevent fouling on the sensor surface by the constituents presen

202 To understand the early stages of bacterial fouling on water purification membranes, we have used de

203 ging faradaic SWV signal is due to electrode fouling or changing analyte concentration.

204 mobilised and there was no significant resin fouling or enzyme inhibition between cycles.

205 need to retain effective self-cleaning, anti-fouling or heat-transfer abilities in harsh operating en

206 Unwanted growth of fouling organisms on underwater surfaces is an omniprese

207 shucking, release mud and detritus that can foul oyster meats.

208 ward osmosis mode, the GO membrane exhibited fouling performance comparable with that of a polyamide

209 aminants to the membrane surface can lead to fouling, performance decline and possible breakthrough o

210 ination brine-wastewater, respectively), but fouling persists to be a pivotal operational challenge t

211 Organic compounds in produced water may foul physical-chemical treatment processes or support mi

212 applications to biosensors, where electrode fouling plagues long-term sensor performance.

213 ts: polystyrene particle solution (colloidal fouling), polyacrylamide polymer solution (organic fouli

214 ghlight the serious challenges of using high fouling potential feed sources in PRO, such as secondary

215 on, microorganism content, silt density, and fouling potential, and exhibited better desalination per

216 r source for desalination by RO due to lower fouling potential, and reduced pretreatment costs.

217 a, however, did not noticeably aggravate the fouling problem.

218 reduction at +125 mV versus Ag/AgCl without fouling problems.

219 uating the permeate flux, salt rejection and fouling propensities of the different water types.

220 the single-skinned membrane with much lower fouling propensity for emulsified oil-water separation.

221 al concentration polarization (ICP) and fast fouling propensity that occurs in the membrane sublayer.

222 d FO membrane systems treating water of high fouling propensity.

223 ith non-triazolic peptides gave rise to anti-fouling properties and still enabled the detection of ca

224 uated with different techniques and ultralow fouling properties demonstrated.

225 r ppEG, surface, known by their protein anti-fouling properties.

226 and can enhance membrane separation and anti-fouling properties.

227 -composite membranes exhibited enhanced anti-fouling property compared to neat PVDF membrane.

228 fabric with an air-bubble-enhanced anti-oil fouling property is introduced for quick oil-cleaning by

229 release of NO, and maintenance of ultra-low fouling property of liquid-infused materials.

230 On an industrial scale, replacing fouled Protein A affinity chromatography resin accounts

231 al operating conditions (2 V AC) reduced the fouling rate by 75% versus the control and achieved up t

232 is also found to account for the much higher fouling rate of conventional membranes.

233 he longest alkyl chain (C(8,OBC)), the total fouling ratio was the lowest (49.99%) and the bacteria r

234 erial biofilm formation, acting as on-demand fouling release active surfaces.

235 e organism in: avoiding overgrowth, limiting fouling, reproduction, or water filtration.

236 hat the best performance in terms of overall fouling resistance and biorecognition capability is prov

237 onstrate that both the functionalization and fouling resistance capabilities of such copolymer brushe

238 approach substantially enhances longer-term fouling resistance compared with surface modification or

239 with antibodies are demonstrated to exhibit fouling resistance from food samples by up to 3 orders o

240 The fouling resistance of activated/BRE-functionalized pCB i

241 It is shown that the fouling resistance of BRE-functionalized pCB coatings is

242 g a BRE-functionalized coating with superior fouling resistance over various carboxy-functional low-f

243 5% versus the control and achieved up to 96% fouling resistance recovery (FRR) during BW at 8 V AC us

244 ble with that of ultrafiltration, far better fouling resistance than conventional polymer membranes,

245 The results suggest that LFMs' superior fouling resistance will reduce the life cycle environmen

246 e regeneration offsets the benefits of LFMs' fouling resistance.

247 sts two strategies to design next-generation fouling-resistant RO membranes via structural optimizati

248 n porcine lungs showed significantly reduced fouling, resulting in either unnecessary or approximatel

249 the influence of hydrodynamic conditions on fouling reversibility during emulsion separation, and ma

250 ar polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from fouled RO membranes and organic compounds of ultrafiltra

251 e used for controlled washing experiments of fouled RO membranes.

252 neously, and less susceptibility to membrane fouling/scaling, which is a significant challenge in the

253 Different fouling scenarios are investigated by conducting constan

254 wide variety of applications including anti-fouling, self-cleaning, anti-smudge, and low-drag.

255 oleophobic surfaces are of interest for anti-fouling, self-cleaning, anti-smudge, low-drag, anti-fog,

256 nostructures promote oil detachment from the fouled sites.

257 Here we report a new route to form anti-fouling steel surfaces by electrodeposition of nanoporou

258 ia diazonium salt grafting; 3) a double anti-fouling strategy with integration of zwitterionic molecu

259 the original membrane regardless of alginate fouling, suggesting an ultimate solution to eliminating

260 We report an ultra-low fouling surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) biosens

261 aufortia kweichowensis) adheres to slippery, fouled surfaces and crawls both forward and backward in

262 These non-fouling surfaces are readily patternable, incorporate in

263 als have shown promise in creating ultra-low fouling surfaces, but are limited in their ability to pr

264 analyte injection yielded the most minimally fouling surfaces.

265 weight cut-off below 500 g mol(-1) and a low fouling tendency.

266 ermeate flux declined more rapidly under UFP fouling than it did under EPS.

267 plasma etching provided better resistance to fouling than unmodified or antistatic gun treated CNTYME

268 much hindered due to the severe irreversible fouling that occurs as foulants accumulate inside the po

269 at seeding of "sticky" stromal cells did not foul the electrode and compromise sensor performance.

270 However, the oxidation fouled the electrode and convoluted the FSCV temporal re

271 ion, leading to electropolymerization, which fouls the electrode.

272 purity, but is limited as particle build-up fouls the filter, leading to reduced recovery.

273 ities are a major contributor to accumulated fouling, the application of an oxidation/disinfection st

274 support and hence cause severe irreversible fouling, the GO membrane allows the foulants to accumula

275 , as the membranes progressed to subcritical fouling, the LRVs of ARB decreased at increasing operati

276 he entire membrane module after irreversible fouling, thereby hopefully reducing the overall cost of

277 filtration membrane units, each of which was fouled to a different extent.

278 hology, as well as to evaluate the bacterial fouling trend and backwash (BW) efficacy, respectively.

279 Anti-oil-fouling under a dry state was realized through two main

280 A wide range of foulants are used, and fouling under static, crossflow, and RO conditions are t

281 g-defective 1 (PRDE-1), SNPC-4, twenty-one-U fouled-up 4 (TOFU-4), and TOFU-5.

282 f a denser BSA layer; consequently, membrane fouling was enhanced.

283 n-Ciocalteu and DPPH(.) assay; also membrane fouling was monitored.

284 The tendency of Mg-Ca and Al-Fe fouling was observed over the membrane surface.

285 Coking in pipe and membrane fouling was virtually non-existent in this new process.

286 , after the surfaces had been experimentally fouled, was also demonstrated through the use of polishi

287 reactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated.

288 d its specificity toward minimizing membrane fouling were demonstrated.

289 The membranes with different degrees of fouling were evaluated for their efficiencies in removin

290 ized by a new morphology that avoids coating fouling, were compared to their nonmodified analogues.

291 Major challenges, such as membrane fouling, wetting, and limited selectivity and functional

292 In this work, the detailed mechanisms of fouling which limits the performance of membrane separat

293 ave a significant effect on overall membrane fouling which were not studied before.

294 roblem with implantable sensors is electrode fouling, which has been proposed as the main reason for

295 one of the main setbacks of RO operation is fouling, which hinders membrane performance and induces

296 amine as a strategy for circumventing sensor fouling, which is a persistent problem for electrochemic

297 ry ability to prevent their sticky feet from fouling while running on dusty walls and ceilings.

298 udies in MBRs tended to overestimate organic fouling, while the biofouling induced by these bacteria

299 wed good resistance to organic and microbial fouling with the imposition of a 2.0 V DC voltage.

300 robe for analytes and then by grafting a non-fouling zwitterionic polymer brush layer to effectively