ライフサイエンスコーパス: free electron

1 ng mechanism for the generation of energetic free electrons.

2 ates and the internal rotational dynamics of free electrons.

3 ce plasmon resonance in Au329(SR)84 with 245 free electrons.

4 rfaces because of coupling between light and free electrons.

5 omething that is forbidden in the absence of free electrons.

6 action of these nanogratings with low-energy free electrons (2-20 keV) and is recorded in the wavelen

7 these nanocrystals using the Drude model for free electrons, a correlation between surface segregatio

8 ulate the electron wavefunction, which gives free electrons an additional unbounded quantized magneti

9 relies on the dissociation of excitons into free electrons and holes at donor/acceptor heterointerfa

10 s tightly bound excitons that are split into free electrons and holes using heterojunctions of electr

11 nates purely from long-range interactions of free electrons and whose existence in real systems has b

12 sizable fraction of the transformation, with free electrons and/or argon ions proposed to account for

13 mass of 0.53-0.70 m(e) (m(e) is the mass of free electrons), and has carrier mobility of ~200 to 440

14 Free electrons are induced by the displacement of the ox

15 atoms into diatomic molecule-like dimers and free-electron bands of one-dimensional wires and two-dim

16 Tunable free-electron-based light generation from nanoscale sili

17 ms as well as time-resolved experiments with free-electron beams.

18 e (that is, the integrated column density of free electrons between source and telescope) and sky pos

19 efficient multiphoton absorption to produce free electrons but once this process saturates, linear a

20 contrast to electron transfer, capture of a free electron by the peptide ions mainly induced radical

21 n-capture coefficients, the concentration of free electrons can be found at different temperatures by

22 or molecules for the effective tuning of the free electron concentration in quasi-2D ZnO transistor c

23 red region resulting from an increase in the free electrons concentration.

24 Current models for the free electron content in the universe imply that the bur

25 ced nanometres apart, their optically driven free electrons couple electrically across the gap.

26 the effective control of localized transient free electron densities by temporally shaping the fs pul

27 ontrol the balance between negative ions and free electron densities.

28 frared LSPR properties and additionally high free electron density (N(e)) that arises predominantly f

29 However, the free electron density and work function decrease as the

30 LSPR response arises from the oscillation of free electron density created by the extra Re d-electron

31 The free electron density of the plasma is coupled to the in

32 is very sensitive to changes in the surface free electron density, a property that is unique to the

33 iconducting graphene nanoribbons do not have free electrons due to their large bandgaps, and thus the

34 mma-rays based on synchrotron radiation from free electrons, emitted in magnet arrays such as undulat

35 The experimental results are compared to free-electron final-state model calculations and to more

36 bles one to directly monitor the dynamics of free electron formation during the dissociation of inter

37 2+) and He(+) were the first to combine with free electrons, forming the first neutral atoms; the rec

38 We demonstrate that free electrons from distinct 2D dopant layers coalesce i

39 alyzed quantitatively in terms of the simple free electron gas model for the sensor surface and the R

40 n the bonding by hybridizing with the nearly free electron gas to form 1D superatomic orbitals increa

41 hose behavior can be very different from the free electron gas, the Hall effect's sensitivity to inte

42 dynamics is in contrast to the physics of a free electron gas.

43 Our results, corroborated by simulations of free-electron generation by particle photoemission and p

44 While plasmas containing free electrons have been brought into contact with liqui

45 light effective mass (~0.052m0; m0, mass of free electron), high quantum mobility (1280 cm(2)V(-1)S(

46 Upon free electron-hole encounters at later times, both charg

47 ns following non-resonant photoexcitation of free electron-hole pairs have been challenging to direct

48 igh binding energy hinders the generation of free electron-hole pairs.

49 ion has the potential to create radicals and free electrons; however, this process is largely unexplo

50 ess of Au(333)(SR)(79), albeit the number of free electrons (i.e., 333 - 79 = 254) is also consistent

51 ows almost identical electronic states to 32 free electrons in a jellium box.

52 Free electrons in a noble metal nanoparticle can be reso

53 dically different from that characterized by free electrons in conventional metals.

54 reduction of the photoexcited sensitizer by free electrons in ITO.

55 mission of surface plasmons (oscillations of free electrons in metallic nanostructures) in resonating

56 Fermi surface defines the properties of the free electrons in metals and semiconductors, the geometr

57 While free electrons in metals respond to ultrafast excitation

58 es in which photons are coupled to the quasi-free electrons in metals.

59 nt interactions of electromagnetic waves and free electrons in solid-state materials(1), has yet to b

60 the superlattice mini-bands in concert with free electrons in the Dirac bands produce two additive c

61 electromagnetic wave that is coupled to the free electrons in the metal.

62 ontact transfer their energy to pre-existing free electrons in the semiconductor, without an equivale

63 It is illustrated using medium-energy free-electron injection to generate highly-directional v

64 value for the SHE of 4.2 +/- 0.4 V versus a free electron is obtained.

65 a are further ionized by collisions with the free electrons is a fundamental parameter that dictates

66 yttrium aluminum garnet laser (2.12 microm), free electron laser (2.1 microm), alexandrite laser (750

67 enomena in condensed matter systems at X-ray free electron laser (FEL) sources.

68 rt X-ray source such as an externally seeded free electron laser (FEL).

69 ng techniques enabled by the advent of X-ray free electron laser (FEL).

70 n high gradient accelerator based on inverse free electron laser (IFEL), followed by a collision poin

71 carried out at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) facility in Japan.

72 microscopy, in combination with an infrared free electron laser (SNOM-IR-FEL), is able to distinguis

73 X-rays in a micron-sized focused hard X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beam.

74 Here, we report an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) crystal structure of the rhod

75 Here we use femtosecond X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulses to obtain structural m

76 esent high-resolution room-temperature X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) structures of MT(1) in comple

77 Here we report X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) structures of the human MT(2)

78 the use of femtosecond pulses from an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) to obtain damage-free, room t

79 ct serial crystallography (MISC) at an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL), ambient-temperature X-ray cr

80 btained by Coulomb explosion imaging using a free electron laser and furthermore yielded He2's bindin

81 spectrometer coupled to an infrared-tunable free electron laser and its IRMPD spectrum recorded.

82 dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy using the free electron laser FELIX.

83 radiated by the tunable infrared output of a free electron laser in the 800-1600 cm(-1) range.

84 This technique, performed using a free electron laser or ultrabright synchrotron source, p

85 single-shot diffractive imaging using X-ray free electron laser pulses.

86 nject Serial Crystallography (MISC) at X-ray free electron laser sources provides atomically detailed

87 uired at a high acquisition rate using x-ray free electron laser sources to overcome radiation damage

88 during four beamtimes at two different X-ray free electron laser sources.

89 With recent advances in free electron laser technology, X-rays with small enough

90 femtosecond soft x-ray pulses from an x-ray free electron laser to reveal the dynamics of the valenc

91 We ablated porcine corneas with a free electron laser tuned to either 2.77 or 6.45 microm,

92 a single crystal diamond sample at an X-Ray free electron laser using inelastic X-ray scattering.

93 robe before destroy" approach using an X-ray free electron laser works even for the highly-sensitive

94 50 fs) 9 keV X-ray pulses from a hard X-ray free electron laser, namely the Linac Coherent Light Sou

95 le-photon infrared dissociation by the FELIX free electron laser, the Ba2+ complex of Trp has been sh

96 rimental diffraction snapshots from an X-ray free electron laser, we determine the three-dimensional

97 eneration with the introduction of the X-ray free electron laser, which can be used to solve the stru

98 Here we employ in situ X-ray free electron laser-based time-resolved coherent X-ray d

99 ystallography from microcrystals at an X-ray free electron laser.

100 storage, and characterize them with an X-ray-free electron laser.

101 individual gold nanocrystal, using an X-ray free electron laser.

102 ity was validated by experiments in an X-ray free electron laser.

103 d under functional conditions using an X-ray free electron laser.

104 magnetic resonance spectrometer powered by a free electron laser.

105 nd X-ray crystallography (SFX) with an X-ray free electron laser.

106 The European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (European XFEL), a megahertz hard X-

107 y a few dedicated large-scale synchrotron or free-electron laser (FEL) facilities.

108 eta) X-ray emission spectroscopy at an X-ray free-electron laser (FEL).

109 aser-based accelerating schemes, the inverse free-electron laser (IFEL) enjoys unique advantages.

110 The X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) allows the analysis of small

111 otron crystallography and fixed-target X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) crystallography.

112 Intense x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses hold great promise for

113 X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) sources enable the use of cry

114 osecond crystallography (SFX) using an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) to obtain high-resolution str

115 We used an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) with individual 50-femtosecon

116 ducting megahertz repetition rate hard X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL), the European XFEL, began ope

117 tion of near-field microscopy with a tunable free-electron laser allows us to address precisely the p

118 X-ray single-shot diffraction with an X-ray free-electron laser and coherent diffraction imaging wit

119 pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source free-electron laser and compare it with theoretical mode

120 -resolved serial crystallography at an X-ray free-electron laser and ns-resolved pump-probe UV-visibl

121 l cross-correlator for synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser applications.

122 Extremely short X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser are helping to clarify how phytochro

123 metal compounds as the gain medium, an X-ray free-electron laser as a periodic pump, and a Bragg crys

124 femtosecond crystallography, using an X-ray free-electron laser at 4 and 20 degrees C sample tempera

125 n whole Bt cells were streamed into an X-ray free-electron laser beam we found that scattering from o

126 demonstrate that one-kilowatt pulses from a free-electron laser can power a pulsed EPR spectrometer

127 eir brilliance and temporal structure, X-ray free-electron laser can unveil atomic-scale details of u

128 cond timescale from noisy experimental X-ray free-electron laser data recorded with 300-femtosecond t

129 poral coherence of this new two-colour X-ray free-electron laser enable an entirely new set of scient

130 New capabilities at X-ray free-electron laser facilities allow the generation of t

131 infrared ion spectroscopy, using the tunable free-electron laser FELIX, provides detailed information

132 ll-optical synchronization at the soft X-ray free-electron laser FLASH and demonstrate facility-wide

133 The X-ray free-electron laser has opened a new era for photon scie

134 small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering, free-electron laser imaging, cryo-electron microscopy, n

135 ing synchrotron radiation and the soft X-ray free-electron laser LCLS provide direct evidence for thi

136 operties of an extreme ultraviolet high gain free-electron laser operated with crossed polarized undu

137 f fresh crystals across the beam of an X-ray free-electron laser over the course of an experiment.

138 synchronization is limited primarily by the free-electron laser pulse duration, and should naturally

139 optical lasers, to better than the delivered free-electron laser pulse duration, are needed.

140 th a relaxation time comparable to the SACLA free-electron laser pulse repetition rate.

141 aceted nanocrystals, each struck by an X-ray free-electron laser pulse.

142 coherence during this passage with an X-ray free-electron laser pulse.

143 e-angle scattering of femtosecond soft X-ray free-electron laser pulses allows three-dimensional char

144 Here, we used ultrashort x-ray free-electron laser pulses to image charge rearrangement

145 als at ~5.5 nm resolution using ~10 fs X-ray free-electron laser pulses.

146 ure of TbIMPDH at room temperature utilizing free-electron laser radiation on crystals grown in livin

147 We measured the coherence properties of the free-electron laser SACLA on a single shot basis at an X

148 g up new routes in ultrafast nanophysics and free-electron laser science.

149 a designed tool ligand TC114, using an X-ray free-electron laser source at 2.9 A.

150 nodroplet isolation setup at the ultrabright free-electron laser source FELIX in Nijmegen (BoHeNDI@FE

151 aser (European XFEL), a megahertz hard X-ray Free-Electron Laser source, enables such experiments via

152 ability of using diffuse X-ray scattering at free-electron laser sources for studying the dynamics of

153 bining serial nanocrystallography with x-ray free-electron laser sources in the future, it may be pos

154 X-ray crystallography at X-ray free-electron laser sources is a powerful method for stu

155 emtosecond crystallography (SFX) using X-ray free-electron laser sources is an emerging method with c

156 of hexameric Ec-dGTPase, including an X-ray free-electron laser structure of the free Ec-dGTPase enz

157 , a recent experiment at a femtosecond X-ray free-electron laser suggests sub-100 fs isomerization.

158 We combined a pulsed magnet with an x-ray free-electron laser to characterize the CDW in YBa2Cu3O6

159 tic resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at a free-electron laser to directly determine the magnetic d

160 exploit the ultrashort pulse duration of the free-electron laser to eject two core electrons on a tim

161 ed time-resolved crystallography at an X-ray free-electron laser to follow the structural changes in

162 rial femtosecond crystallography at an x-ray free-electron laser to resolve the ultrafast structural

163 In our experiments, we use a free-electron laser to stimulate and observe photon echo

164 ectroscopy with a seeded extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser to trace the ultrafast ring opening

165 ntense narrowband radiation from an infrared free-electron laser tuned to the 2-THz Josephson plasma

166 e level) attosecond waveforms using a seeded free-electron laser(17).

167 emtosecond crystallography(1) using an X-ray free-electron laser(2) to observe light-induced structur

168 e using ultrafast x-ray pulses from an x-ray free-electron laser, determining that the Fe-S(Met) bond

169 termined with diffraction data from an X-ray free-electron laser, leading to an atomic-resolution str

170 single gold nanocrystal by means of an x-ray free-electron laser, providing insights into the physics

171 interacting with intense X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser, revealing the influence of processe

172 has begun with the start-up of a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LC

173 Compared with serial data we collected at a free-electron laser, the synchrotron data are of slightl

174 Using an X-ray free-electron laser, we performed picosecond time-resolv

175 rial femtosecond crystallography at an X-ray free-electron laser, we successfully determined the room

176 treme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a seeded free-electron laser.

177 rial-femtosecond crystallography at an X-ray free-electron laser.

178 med at the Linac Coherent Light Source X-ray free-electron laser.

179 is an important step towards a plasma-driven free-electron laser.

180 lved wide-angle X-ray scattering at an X-ray free-electron laser.

181 pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source free-electron laser.

182 ertial-confinement timescales using an X-ray free-electron laser.

183 photo-ionization using pulses from an X-ray free-electron laser.

184 al femtosecond crystallography with an X-ray free-electron laser.

185 tuation may be remedied by novel femtosecond free electron-laser protein crystallography techniques.

186 e dynamics of polystyrene spheres in intense free-electron-laser pulses, and observe an explosion occ

187 rial femtosecond crystallography is an X-ray free-electron-laser-based method with considerable poten

188 Our results demonstrate how free-electron-laser-based ultrafast X-ray scattering can

189 ense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a free-electron-laser.

190 ndulator based synchrotron light sources and Free Electron Lasers (FELs) are valuable modern probes o

191 X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) can produce extremely intens

192 X-ray-free electron lasers (X-ray FELs) have enabled collectio

193 femtosecond crystallography (SFX) with X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) allows structure determinat

194 ecular structure determination at both X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) and, more recently, synchro

195 The advent of hard x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) capable of producing ultraf

196 X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) create new possibilities fo

197 llography using ultrashort pulses from x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) enables studies of the ligh

198 The advent of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) is opening the ability to r

199 The recent advent of hard x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) opens new areas of science

200 X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) reduce the effects of radia

201 There is considerable potential for X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) to enable determination of

202 Hard X-ray free electron lasers allow for the first time to access

203 The new generation of X-ray free electron lasers capable of generating intense X-ray

204 continue with the impending arrival of x-ray-free electron lasers driven by electron accelerators.

205 ast generation X-ray synchrotron sources and free electron lasers enabled data collection with microm

206 ortunities for designs of the light sources, free electron lasers, and high energy colliders based on

207 on superconductor Josephson junctions (JJ), free electron lasers, and quantum cascades require cryog

208 -ray sources, such as synchrotrons and x-ray free electron lasers, are becoming ever brighter and mak

209 otential to have a transformative impact for free electron lasers, linear colliders, ultrafast electr

210 surements of biomolecular structure at X-ray-free electron lasers.

211 utron diffraction studies, and datasets from free electron lasers.

212 The optimal performance of high-brightness free-electron lasers (FELs) is limited by the microbunch

213 challenges in scientific researches based on free-electron lasers (FELs) is the characterization of t

214 X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) provide extremely intense pu

215 SFX) is a powerful technique that uses X-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL) to determine structures of b

216 is an emerging technique that utilizes X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and microcrystalline sample

217 tense femtosecond-duration pulses from X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) can outrun most damage proc

218 X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) combined with coherent diff

219 In addition, an application of X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs) delivering intense femtosec

220 X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enable crystallographic str

221 The increasing availability of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has catalyzed the developme

222 The advent of hard x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has opened up a variety of

223 od for serial X-ray crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), which allows for full use

224 for protein structure determination at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs).

225 d crystallography (SFX) analyses using X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs).

226 decades, leading to the realization of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs).

227 Recent advances in X-ray free-electron lasers allow capturing of the diffraction

228 Diffractive imaging with free-electron lasers allows structure determination from

229 bright and ultrashort light sources, such as free-electron lasers and high-order harmonic generation.

230 gy would open the prospect of building X-ray free-electron lasers and linear colliders hundreds of ti

231 femtosecond crystallography utilizing X-ray free-electron lasers and nanocrystals to obtain initial

232 for applications such as driving soft X-ray free-electron lasers and producing gamma-rays by inverse

233 Both free-electron lasers and the quasi-optical technology de

234 n tuneable high-power light sources, such as free-electron lasers and vacuum tubes, rely on bunching

235 Free-electron lasers are unique sources of intense and u

236 port the time-resolved measurements of X-ray free-electron lasers by using an X-band radiofrequency t

237 fast coherent diffractive imaging with X-ray free-electron lasers can probe structures at the relevan

238 Intense, femtosecond X-ray pulses from X-ray free-electron lasers enable single-shot imaging allowing

239 X-ray free-electron lasers enable the investigation of the str

240 action-before-destruction" approach of x-ray free-electron lasers from hundreds of thousands of indiv

241 Serial crystallography (SX) with X-ray free-electron lasers has enabled structural determinatio

242 The introduction of X-ray free-electron lasers makes it possible to pump new atomi

243 Free-electron lasers now have the ability to collect X-r

244 mely intense and ultrafast X-ray pulses from free-electron lasers offer unique opportunities to study

245 nt progress using X-ray crystallography with free-electron lasers on these intermediates.

246 t femtosecond X-ray pulses provided by X-ray free-electron lasers open capabilities for studying the

247 X-ray free-electron lasers provide femtosecond-duration pulses

248 Free-electron lasers providing ultra-short high-brightne

249 hot coherent diffractive imaging using X-ray free-electron lasers pulses.

250 Many advanced applications of X-ray free-electron lasers require pulse durations and time re

251 f biological objects-an application of X-ray free-electron lasers that greatly enhances our ability t

252 ited pulses are not available, such as X-ray free-electron lasers which naturally have spectrally noi

253 hrotron capabilities and the advent of X-ray free-electron lasers(4,5).

254 Free-electron lasers, by contrast, deliver femtosecond,

255 synchrotron radiation sources, such as X-ray free-electron lasers, energy recovery linacs, and ultra-

256 In X-ray free-electron lasers, for example, the uncertainty--the

257 ccessible as a result of the construction of free-electron lasers, in particular to carry out time-re

258 Owing to the inherent fluctuations in free-electron lasers, this mandates a full characterizat

259 X-ray free-electron lasers, with pulse durations ranging from

260 r protein crystal data collection with X-ray free-electron lasers.

261 processes with pulsed sources, such as X-ray free-electron lasers.

262 ature of light generated by short-wavelength free-electron lasers.

263 ng attosecond time-resolved experiments with free-electron lasers.

264 m(-1) using helium-nanodroplet isolation and free-electron lasers.

265 herence by comparison with present-day X-ray free-electron lasers.

266 m at synchrotron radiation sources and X-ray free-electron lasers.

267 tt-class infrared laser facilities and x-ray free-electron lasers; despite substantial theoretical wo

268 the advent of higher brilliance sources and free-electron-lasers, Bragg Coherent X-ray Diffraction I

269 ead-an obstacle for key applications such as free-electron-lasers.

270 n lifetimes between photoelectrons born into free electron-like states and those excited into unoccup

271 systems, this allows us to observe coherent, free-electron-like charge transport properties, includin

272 traction, and invalidate previously employed free-electron-like models.

273 ron phase coherence length decreases and the free-electron-like surface state gradually diminishes wh

274 (r) considers all virtual orbitals below the free electron limit and is determined on the molecular i

275 ded for its various realizations: atomic and free-electron masers require vacuum chambers and pumping

276 g a reduced A exciton mass of 0.16 times the free electron mass).

277 articles with effective masses replacing the free electron mass, has been astonishingly successful.

278 iour (m( *) = 0.04 - 0.05m0, where m0 is the free-electron mass).

279 tral transition metal and surrounding nearly free electron metal atoms.

280 transition from a high reflectivity, nearly free-electron metal to a low-reflectivity, poor metal in

281 osing based on calculations using a confined free electron model.

282 We fit the reflectance using a Drude free-electron model to determine the plasma frequency of

283 As predicted by the simple free-electron model, the square of the zero-momentum pla

284 previously reported measurements, using the free-electron model.

285 s, taking place in Ga-rich samples, produces free electrons (n-type doping).

286 For a normal distribution of free-electron nanoparticles, and within the simple nonlo

287 phorous (BP) substrate concatenates a nearly-free-electron (NFE) like conduction band of a C(60) mono

288 a metal is distinctly different from that of free electrons owing to their interactions with the crys

289 nsists of the Aharonov-Bohm physical system; free electrons pass a magnetized nanorod and far-field e

290 A pronounced deep trapping of free electrons photogenerated from the composite P3HT/PC

291 any of these properties by coupling light to free electrons (plasmons) or phonons (phonon polaritons)

292 , by using a compact laser-driven setup, ion-free electron-positron plasmas with unique characteristi

293 ysics and technology of light generation via free-electron proximity and impact interactions with nan

294 We find that the free electron signal, which often obscures the vibration

295 s cyanine dyes the compounds to which simple free-electron theory can be applied in the most relevant

296 tron work function to X70 steel brings more "free" electrons to the steel, leading to increased overa

297 eal monolayer coverage) and direct (mediator-free) electron transfer from PSII to mesoITO.

298 experiments of an optical gating concept for free electrons via direct time-domain visualization of t

299 spectroscopic results reveal that the quasi-free electron with energy near the conduction band effec

300 gnosed using the Linac Coherent light Source free-electron X-ray laser, tuned to specific interaction