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1 uring the regular period while subjects were free living.
2               We found that soil-inhabiting, free-living Actinobacteria also harbor as many as 12 TA
3 from miniaturised acceleration loggers on 58 free-living Adelie penguins with doubly labelled water (
4 3s are categorically different from those of free-living adults, which may restrict host seeking to i
5 ish cells, whereas the Tenacibaculum-like as free-living aerobic heterotroph, densely colonizing the
6 ed the establishment of small populations of free-living algae alongside the hosts with endosymbionts
7             Mutualistic interactions between free-living algae and fungi are widespread in nature and
8           These same transcripts increase in free-living algae deprived of nitrogen.
9 scavenging nitrogen from purines relative to free-living algae.
10 vel a conserved polarization module from the free living alpha-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus
11 laxed selection when compared to homologs in free-living alpha-cyanobacteria, likely reflecting the h
12 ase Control and Prevention (CDC) maintains a free-living ameba (FLA) registry and laboratory.
13  system infection caused by the thermophilic free-living ameba Naegleria fowleri.
14                 Balamuthia mandrillaris is a free-living ameba that causes rare, nearly always fatal
15 plant-transmitted Balamuthia mandrillaris, a free-living ameba, were detected by recognition of sever
16 affecting contact lens wearers, is caused by free-living amebae, Acanthamoeba species.
17                                           In free-living American adults, the eating time for lunch w
18     Acanthamoeba castellanii is a ubiquitous free-living amoeba with a worldwide distribution that ca
19                                              Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous protozoa in aqu
20                         We hypothesized that Free-living amoebae (FLA), as ubiquitous inhabitants of
21                                              Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba can cause
22                                              Free-living amoebae, such as Naegleria fowleri, Acantham
23           Though the internal environment of free-living amoebas is similar in many ways to that of m
24 parasitic organisms that have evolved from a free-living ancestor.
25 lution of parasitism in the Apicomplexa from free-living ancestors.
26 efaciens" has lost many essential traits for free living and acts as a factory for kahalalide product
27  dramatic consequences of N starvation, many free-living and endosymbiotic microalgae thrive in N-poo
28 lovibrio bacteriovorus, which cycles between free-living and intraperiplasmic phases after entering (
29 gens (protists & fungi), along with relevant free-living and non-pathogenic species, and select patho
30 nts of a (bi-)polarization system encoded in free-living and obligate intracellular alpha-proteobacte
31                                     Although free-living and obligate intracellular bacteria are both
32 ically appropriate comparisons of genomes of free-living and parasitic species are needed.
33 es transition between dramatically different free-living and parasitic stages, with correctly timed d
34                             While the mobile free-living and particle-associated communities were con
35 diment and biofilm communities compared with free-living and particle-associated communities, where s
36 nutum CDK and cyclin gene expression between free-living and symbiotic states showed that several alv
37  scenario for the interrelationships between free-living and vertebrate-parasitic flatworms, providin
38 esponses of laboratory mice reflect those of free-living animals is unknown.
39                                              Free-living animals must not only regulate the amount of
40 n understanding the predator-prey ecology of free-living animals, and such methods will become increa
41                                           In free-living animals, light pollution is associated with
42 ungia exemplify the morphologically simplest free-living animals, the complexity of NO-cGMP-mediated
43 al data on the microbiome and behaviour from free-living animals, the incorporation of manipulative a
44 dation risk on population-level responses in free-living animals.
45 ng introduce bio-logging techniques to track free-living animals.
46 une profiles more closely resembling that of free-living animals.
47 excellent opportunity to study senescence in free-living animals.
48                                   Almost all free-living bacteria contain toxin-antitoxin (TA) system
49  symbiotically differentiated bacteroids and free-living bacteria differed primarily at a Raman bioma
50  peptides that orchestrate the adaptation of free-living bacteria into intracellular residents.
51                     Nitrogen (N) fixation by free-living bacteria is a primary N input pathway in man
52 lastids (chloroplasts) evolved from formerly free-living bacteria that were acquired through endosymb
53 affect marine ecological systems, especially free-living bacteria, which are the primary DOM degrader
54 ons than that by the community of planktonic free-living bacteria.
55 sizes and survival rates similar to those of free-living bacteria.
56 eria to colonise environments unsuitable for free-living bacteria.
57 s suggest that these particle-associated and free-living bacterial assemblages are functionally diffe
58 munity structure and metabolic activities of free-living bacterioplankton in different blooming phase
59 marine Alphaproteobacteria suggest that some free-living bacterioplankton lineages evolved from patch
60                                       When a free-living bacterium transitions to a host-beneficial e
61       These cell populations were present in free-living barn populations of feral mice and pet store
62  help drive an holistic understanding of the free-living behaviour of a range of species.
63 an intended goal, but efforts to examine how free-living birds use navigational information under con
64 r the plant are the highest ever reported in free-living birds.
65 quenced from European soil and are the first free-living Bradyrhizobium isolates, lacking both nodula
66  the genome and gene annotations of two such free-living Bradyrhizobium isolates, named G22 and BF49,
67 in both parasitic (Haemonchus contortus) and free-living (Caenorhabditis elegans) nematodes.
68 with a focus on cytoskeletal organization in free-living cells, ciliates in particular, in which thes
69 two basic routes: they either aggregate from free-living cells, creating potentially chimeric multice
70 ongly induced in Mn(2+) -limited cultures of free-living cells.
71 teria, with the smallest known genomes among free-living cellular organisms, are ideal models for thi
72 raguild (non-IG) predators that only consume free-living cercariae (parasitic trematodes) reduced met
73                  Compared with symbiotic and free-living chemoautotrophs, Ca R. santandreae's versati
74 e explore the genomic innovations that allow free-living chytrid fungi to adapt to and colonize amphi
75 antigen was expressed and purified using the free-living ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila as an expre
76 egeneration of the myxozoan body plan from a free-living cnidarian to a microscopic parasitic cnidari
77                                   Whereas in free-living cnidarians the stinging capsules are used fo
78 y reduced in size and complexity relative to free-living cnidarians, yet they have retained specializ
79 ic associations are important in structuring free-living communities, but we still lack an understand
80 al genome size and temperature in a diverse, free-living community over a wide range of temperatures
81 on-associated community exceeded that of the free-living community, and it showed a preference to deg
82 ered to result in nitrogenase activity under free-living conditions by transferring a nif cluster fro
83 ed-loop insulin delivery under unsupervised, free-living conditions for 4 weeks in adults with type 1
84 enabled observation of physiological data in free-living conditions is integral to this vision.
85 esis, and energy intake) were measured under free-living conditions with random allocation to daily b
86 ce exists regarding long-term efficacy under free-living conditions without intense dietetic support.
87                                        Under free-living conditions, eTRF improves whole-body insulin
88 terventions were unsupervised and done under free-living conditions.
89 onious way to estimate energy expenditure in free-living conditions.
90 vice for accurate tracking of respiration in free-living conditions.
91 ticipated in a randomized crossover study in free-living conditions.
92 at diet gained more weight after 6 months in free-living conditions.
93  below the requirement) for eight weeks in a free-living contest.
94 obile substrate, with subsequent growth into free-living coralliths until a critical mass is reached
95         Herein we reviewed the phenomenon of free-living corals (coralliths), examined whether they h
96           Understanding the evolution of the free-living, cyanobacterial, diazotroph Trichodesmium is
97  to degrade short-chain alkanes and those of free-living Cycloclasticus that bloomed during the Deepw
98  decompose in the presence of dioxygen, many free-living diazotrophs are obligate aerobes.
99 tive cytosolic pathways, suggesting that all free-living dinoflagellates are metabolically dependent
100 changes in the fur microbiome of captive and free-living Egyptian fruit bats.
101                    We randomly allocated 708 free-living elders (63-79 y, 68% women) to a diet enrich
102 hat represent key breathing organs of bichir free-living embryos and early larvae.
103                      Accurate measurement of free-living energy intake (EI) over long periods is impe
104 tical method to measure long-term changes in free-living energy intake.
105                 Oocysts, the extremely hardy free-living environmental stage of T. gondii shed in fae
106 blinding eye infection caused by ubiquitous, free-living, environmental acanthamoebae, which are know
107 a Remarkably, we also find these proteins in free-living eukaryotes, including several viridiplantae,
108 dely in their prey, we used a field study of free-living Eurasian dippers (Cinclus cinclus), to test
109 history is inherently tied to a more cryptic free-living (ex hospite) phase that remains largely unex
110 ents, and interaction with protein timing in free-living experimental conditions; these factors have
111 tential sources of phenotypic variation in a free-living female bird and advance our understanding of
112 ighest levels of the Ss-riok-2 transcript in free-living females and parasitic females.
113                                Specifically, free-living filamentous fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi
114 so assigned taxa to functional groups (e.g., free-living filamentous fungi, ectomycorrhizal fungi, an
115 ur oxidation and nitrification dominated the free-living (FL) fraction throughout the oxycline (< 1-1
116 articularly for particle-associated (PA) and free-living (FL) habitats.
117                               Planarians are free-living flatworms capable of rapidly regenerating fr
118 ain classes previously reported as absent in free-living flatworms, e.g., planarians.
119 ktonic MGII associated with particles and in free-living forms in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) over
120 Ancestral state reconstruction revealed that free-living forms likely colonised cnidarian hosts initi
121 diverse habitats, from freshwater and marine free-living forms to endosymbiotic microalgae of reef-bu
122  diverse conflicts ranging from parasitic to free-living forms.
123 so influenced the bacterial community in the free-living fraction but not in the phycosphere.
124 pen-source analytical platform for automated free-living gait analysis and use it to investigate a no
125 habilitation progress and, more broadly, for free-living gait analysis.
126  in related parasites but highly diverged in free-living genus Caenorhabditis.
127 tty acid and phospholipid synthesis found in free living Gram-negative bacteria.
128 vival in nitrogen-deficient environments, to free-living growth in nitrate abundance.
129 was a 3-period randomized crossover trial in free-living healthy individuals who consumed in random o
130 ries of major lineages of eukaryotes, mostly free-living heterotrophic protists.
131 insulin and glucagon has not been shown in a free-living, home-use setting.
132 ttributable to the behavioral differences of free-living human volunteers.
133 , but many Symbiodiniaceae can also be found free-living in the environment.
134 re opportunistic synanthropes, most probably free-living individuals (i.e., not directly relying on a
135 eating behaviors associated with snacking in free-living individuals are poorly understood.
136 individuals under laboratory conditions, but free-living individuals have to temporally synchronize t
137                Exploring this question using free-living individuals is difficult because, despite th
138  oxidative balance in longitudinally sampled free-living individuals of a long-lived, long-distance m
139 ues that are both accurate and applicable to free-living individuals.
140 th chronic systemic inflammation in healthy, free-living individuals.
141 ehaviors subsequent to skipping breakfast in free-living individuals.
142                                              Free-living infectious stages whose lifespan exceeds the
143                                              Free-living infective juveniles (IJs) of EPNs employ hos
144  of speeds and accelerations in the smallest free-living insects, featherwing beetles (Coleoptera: Pt
145 demonstrated successful transfection of, the free-living kinetoplastid flagellate Parabodo caudatus w
146 mids, together with freshwater euglenids and free-living kinetoplastids, the closest known nonparasit
147  the evolution of obligatory parasitism from free-living lifestyle and the evolution of human parasit
148 mbrane trafficking systems associated with a free-living lifestyle have been progressively and non-ra
149 anisms that underpin the transition from the free-living lifestyle to symbiosis remain poorly underst
150 rent ecological strategies (symbiotic versus free-living lifestyles) depending on the rock type.
151 spectrum of parasitic capabilities, plus the free-living Lindenbergia Following initial phylogenetic
152                                   We studied free-living male red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoenic
153           Here we tested the hypothesis that free-living male song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) show
154  two-sex models parameterized with data from free-living mammal populations with contrasting levels o
155 ermining haemoparasite infection patterns in free living mammalian hosts.
156                                              Free-living mammals, such as humans and wild mice, displ
157  improve the modeling of complex diseases of free-living mammals.
158 odeling complex diseases of humans and other free-living mammals.
159 discovery of two new class-level lineages of free-living marine anaerobic ciliates, Muranotrichea, cl
160 s and behaviors are difficult to observe for free-living marine species, especially those that move g
161                                              Free-living men and women partially compensated for snac
162 ivocal termitophile belonging to the largely free-living Mesoporini from the mid-Cretaceous [7].
163  and Mesosymbion[3], a member of the largely free-living Mesoporini, are not necessarily termitophilo
164 l), which was around 10-fold higher than the free-living MGII in the same region, and an order of mag
165             However, the abundances of those free-living MGII showed positive correlations with salin
166 haracteristics between particle-attached and free-living MGIIs.
167        The exposure of fish to environmental free-living microbes and its effect on early colonizatio
168                                              Free-living microbes evolve under stronger selection for
169 corrhizal fungi, which compete directly with free-living microbes for N.
170  used to profile the functional potential of free-living microbes from the Xiamen Sea Area in respons
171 al fungi that associate with plant roots and free-living microbial decomposers, which is consistent w
172 her plant or animal hosts; other species are free-living microbivores, scavengers, or predators of in
173 ntal pressures that constrain genome size in free-living microorganisms are unknown.
174 aeota [DPANN] superphylum) are thought to be free-living microorganisms.
175                                 Variation in free-living microparasite survival can have a meaningful
176 try system, we compared activity patterns of free-living migrant and resident European blackbirds (Tu
177 erentially expressed between mycorrhizas and free-living mycelia.
178 m, in agreement with the N preference of the free-living mycelium grown on different N sources.
179 ins (MiSSPs) in ectomycorrhiza compared with free-living mycelium.
180      We compiled data from studies measuring free-living N fixation in response to N, P and Mo fertil
181 chemical demands of N fixation, constraining free-living N fixation in the terrestrial biosphere.
182 e and variability of nutrient constraints to free-living N fixation in the terrestrial biosphere.
183                                Additionally, free-living N fixation is stimulated by P additions in t
184                 Across our compiled dataset, free-living N fixation is suppressed by N fertilization
185  molybdenum (Mo) availability in controlling free-living N fixation rates.
186 w strategy of nitrogen fixation by enriching free-living N(2)-fixing bacteria (NFB) in reactors fed w
187  more widely distributed than the best-known free-living N(2)-fixing cyanobacteria, suggesting they m
188 r parasitic nematodes that are absent in the free-living nematode C. elegans, it has ncRNA families t
189  vitro high-throughput method relying on the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the infe
190 nol acts as a developmental inhibitor of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the plan
191                                          The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can adapt to
192                                          The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a key lab
193       Here, we use the CO(2) response of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to elucidate
194 es (HRGs) have been characterized within the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we have und
195 worm parasite Ancylostoma ceylanicum and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which is of
196 assembly and annotation of the genome of the free-living nematode Oscheius tipulae, a distant relativ
197 ematode species, we also induced RNAi in the free-living nematode Pristionchus pacificus and targeted
198 d the feeding dimorphism of a fungal feeding free-living nematode, Bursaphelenchus sinensis.
199      Prenol was attractive to dauers of some free-living nematodes and insect larvae.
200 t that a synthetic biology approach - moving free-living nematodes towards a parasitic lifestyle - wi
201           Based on morphological data, these free-living nematodes were assigned to a new genus, Auan
202 atode genome diversity, and in particular of free-living nematodes, expands.
203 ed conditions, and compare it to that of the free-living (non phytoplankton-associated) bacterial com
204 t habits and components of energy balance in free-living obese humans.
205 ith daily meals enhances integrated MyoPS in free-living older men in rested and REX conditions and i
206 of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) in free-living older men who consumed higher protein (HP) (
207 ary properties compared to those resident in free-living or parasitic nematodes.
208 ation of microorganisms as being standalone (free-living) or associated with a particle, as well as i
209                                           As free-living organisms and symbionts of herbivorous anima
210  such daily cycles, prokaryote and eukaryote free-living organisms evolved intrinsic clocks that regu
211  reproduction is a critical component of how free-living organisms respond to ongoing climate change.
212  of Polytomella Species from both genera are free-living organisms that contain nonphotosynthetic pla
213 heory, a theoretical framework developed for free-living organisms to further our understanding of an
214 t tool for modelling immunological events in free-living organisms, including humans.
215 g upon lessons from the community ecology of free-living organisms, we illustrate how recent advances
216 eotide, which are essential coenzymes in all free-living organisms.
217  JGTA-S1 has better N(2)-fixing ability than free-living P. stutzeri and provides fixed N to the plan
218                          The contribution of free-living PA to surgery-induced weight loss and subseq
219                                Despite this, free-living parthenogens have never been observed in any
220 y processes across four major habitat types (free-living, particle-associated, biofilm on benthic sto
221 surement of auxin-related metabolites in the free-living partners revealed that the mycelium of L. bi
222 the host, but not from the distantly related free-living Pelagibacter and Rhodospirillales.
223 ontrolled environment can classify groups of free-living people into consumers of diets associated wi
224 s of trypanosomatid genomes, revealing how a free-living phagotroph became adapted to exploiting host
225 ologies among unicellular opisthokonts, from free-living phagotrophic flagellated bacterivores and fi
226 anellar genomes have already been reduced in free-living phototrophic ancestors of apicomplexan paras
227                         We propose that some free-living planktonic bacteria have traded their abilit
228 exhibit individual behavior and exist in the free-living planktonic state or to engage in collective
229 hogenic lifestyles, but it also can occur in free-living, plastid-bearing lineages.
230  ability of BSIMMs to characterize diet in a free-living population of gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus nes
231                     We next showed that in a free-living population, aggression is predicted by allel
232 mental consequences of low protein intake in free-living populations remains limited.We examined the
233 ify individuals at higher SCD risk in large, free-living populations with and without cardiovascular
234 rements of physical activity patterns across free-living populations worldwide.
235 ed to model and classify dietary patterns of free-living populations.
236 tems are gene modules that are ubiquitous in free-living prokaryotes.
237 tochondria are thought to have originated as free-living prokaryotes.
238                           Both parasites and free-living protists possess specialized trafficking org
239                            The repertoire of free-living protozoa in contact lens solutions is poorly
240 ugh the natural hosts for L. pneumophila are free-living protozoa that reside in freshwater environme
241 r examined by microscope for the presence of free-living protozoa.
242 ter environments, where it replicates within free-living protozoa.
243        Our results suggest that an AMF and a free-living PSB interacted to the benefit of each other
244 smaller genome (1.34 Mb) than the symbiont's free-living relatives (4.29-4.97 Mb) but retains a versa
245 : Troctomorpha), which are among the closest free-living relatives of parasitic lice.
246 arison of parasitic trypanosomatids to their free-living relatives reveals that some characteristics
247 the introduction of advantageous traits from free-living relatives that are native to these, or simil
248                          Compared with their free-living relatives, mutualistic insect symbiotic bact
249 parasitic (Parastrongyloides trichosuri) and free-living (Rhabditophanes sp. KR3021).
250  root nodules, uninfected root segments, and free-living rhizobia.
251 protein under the Ss-riok-2 promoter in post free-living S. stercoralis.
252 ghly adaptive bacterium that replicates as a free-living saprophyte in the environment as well as a f
253  for facultative biotrophic relationships in free-living saprotrophic basidiomycetes may be greater t
254 s between symbiotic ectomycorrhizal (EM) and free-living saprotrophs can result in significant decele
255 high inclination and acceleration to capture free-living sedentary behavior.
256 ial, behavioral, and cognitive phenotypes in free-living settings, outside of research laboratories a
257 hylogeny; the basal-most one includes mostly free-living shrimp, albeit with a few symbiotic species.
258 he association between objectively measured, free-living sleep and cognitive function has not been st
259 mory tasks, however the relationship between free-living sleep and cognitive task performance in heal
260              Our data suggests shorter acute free-living sleep may negatively impact difficult memory
261 chnologies that claim to collect proficient, free-living sleep measurements despite a severe lack of
262  any of these taxa in the wild, although two free-living snakes were recently discovered each gestati
263 sleep debt and affects disease dynamics in a free-living songbird.
264              The population trophic niche of free-living species can be subdivided into smaller niche
265 nown about microbiomes' temporal dynamics in free-living species compared with their dynamics in huma
266 report the structures of metacommunities for free-living species, yet far less is known about the com
267 y the relative lack of information about key free-living species.
268  akin to the nematocyst stinging capsules of free-living species.
269  experiment that tested theory developed for free-living species.
270 itable, poor substrate environments through 'free-living stabilization', and explore their potential
271 pare the transcriptomes of the parasitic and free-living stages and find that these same gene familie
272 ilitate the transfer of such a parasite with free-living stages between farmed and wild stocks.
273 symbiotic lifestyle, implying that they have free-living stages.
274 iferation in the vertebrate host, and motile free-living stages.
275 ntake in a dietary intervention study and in free-living subjects from the European Prospective Inves
276       The assessment of polyphenol intake in free-living subjects is challenging, mostly because of t
277  the same quantity of protein equivalents in free-living subjects with phenylketonuria.
278 clinical trials and observational studies of free-living subjects.We aimed to examine metabolomics pr
279         It requires accurately measuring the free-living survival of pathogens across reservoirs of v
280 iaceae from the environment each generation, free-living Symbiodiniaceae represent important pools fo
281  diversity of, or impacts of disturbance on, free-living Symbiodiniaceae.
282       Although dinoflagellates are primarily free-living, Symbiodiniaceae diversified mainly as symbi
283                            Here we show that free-living Symbiodinium spp. in culture commonly form c
284 -associated leech species and two additional free-living taxa are described here as new to science.
285 c diet periods (identical foods provided and free living) that were separated by a 14-d habitual diet
286  bacterial lineages make the transition from free-living to permanent association with hosts, they ca
287 oad spectrum of symbiotic associations, from free-living to putative obligate symbionts.
288 a-vis the transition of dinoflagellates from free-living to symbiotic and propose strategies for futu
289 s have a standard set of genes compared with free-living trebouxiophytes, providing no evidence for f
290  mercury exposure and incubation behavior of free-living tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor) nesting
291 imentally increased embryonic temperature in free-living tropical and north temperate songbird specie
292                  Breviatea form a lineage of free living, unicellular protists, distantly related to
293  examine causal relationships with traits of free-living urban and rural animals.
294 lear need for open-source tools that analyze free-living wearable sensor data and particularly for ga
295                                              Free-living weight change was assessed after 6 and 12 mo
296 ding exercise (WL), and 12 wk of prescribed, free-living weight loss (FL).
297 stic foraging partnership between humans and free-living wild animals.
298 n be difficult to establish, particularly in free-living wildlife.
299 norhabditis species currently in culture are free-living, with most having been isolated from decayin
300                               In particular, free-living yeast microbes provide a source of dietary p

 
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