ライフサイエンスコーパス: freeze-thaw

1 induced by the volume change of water during freeze-thaw.

2 s the retention of volatile components after freeze-thaw.

3 and mDia2 lose >75% nucleation activity upon freeze-thaw.

4 n membranes pretreated by hypotonic wash and freeze-thaw.

5 aling rat hearts, injured 1 wk previously by freeze-thaw.

6 obe), high pressure-assisted extraction, and freeze-thaw.

7 effect, and are resistant to multiple 24 hr freeze-thaws.

8 emonstrates >98% reduction in activity after freeze-thawing.

9 nd encapsulation of ATP or other reagents by freeze-thawing.

10 iding new insight on protein denaturation in freezing-thawing.

11 ion occurred by a comparable mechanism as in freezing-thawing.

12 oplasmic protein denaturation in drip due to freezing-thawing.

13 in stored salmon flesh as a marker of salmon freezing/thawing.

14 t the overcharge-overdischarge (3-1.6 V) and freezing-thawing (25-250 degrees C) incidents.

15 One cycle of freeze-thaw (-70 degrees C) did not significantly reduce

16 oprotectants for cod fish mince subjected to freeze-thaw abuse.

17 ile maximizing salt extractable protein from freeze-thaw abused fish mince, providing similar or bett

18 Freeze-thaw and cell lysis experiments, along with actin

19 After fractionation by freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments of an alkaline extrac

20 cteristics in terms of pasting, rheological, freeze-thaw and swelling behaviour, were investigated.

21 LPI and investigates the effects of repeated freeze-thawing and oxidation on the anti-HIV activity of

22 Freeze-thawing and pasteurization increased the milk lip

23 ing electron transfer components lost during freeze/thaw and correcting for variable permeabilization

24 After freezing-thawing and sonication, the resultant larger li

25 e primary site of irreversible injury during freezing/thawing and cryopreservation of cells, but the

26 , wheat, barley and oat plants that had been frozen, thawed and allowed to resume growth under contro

27 nces of different storage (room temperature, frozen, thawing and refreezing) and buffer conditions on

28 illage, traffic compaction, swell/shrink and freeze/thaw) and biological (e.g. plant root growth, soi

29 hearts of adult inbred rats were injured by freeze-thaw, and 3-4.5 x 10(6) neonatal skeletal muscle

30 SPMS samples that had experienced additional freeze-thaw, and increased standing times of 120 and 240

31 iplicate in phosphate buffer, ultrasonified, freeze-thawed, and clarified by centrifugation.

32 ossible greater sensitivity, stability after freeze/thaw, and lower cost, thus facilitating multicent

33 nctional integrity throughout the process of freeze-thawing (at -25 degrees C).

34 /9 mast cells cultured in vitro with live or freeze-thawed B. burgdorferi spirochetes undergo low but

35 loped using 652 labeled time-lapse videos of freeze-thaw blastocysts.

36 ocyanins antioxidant capacity and texture of frozen/thawed blueberries.

37 lood mononuclear cells by cocultivation with freeze-thawed Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes (Bb/FT).

38 f fragments with the N terminus ARGSVIL from freeze-thawed bovine nasal cartilage using the monoclona

39 Incubation of thin frozen-thawed brain sections with calcium resulted in ca

40 g were determined following preincubation of frozen-thawed brain tissue sections at 0 or 35 degreesC.

41 Although collagen in freeze-thawed cartilage depleted of aggrecan was complet

42 orcine ACVs mineralized similarly in situ in freeze-thawed cartilage.

43 ACVs in agarose gels and by ACVs in situ in freeze-thawed cartilage.

44 However, repeated freeze-thawing caused a more than 10% monomer loss.

45 It was found that salmon freezing/thawing caused a significant increase in the co

46 ed by using a hexanol-detergent treatment of freeze-thawed chlorosomes.

47 es significantly augment the permeability of frozen-thawed coal masses.

48 The cooked gel of freeze-thawed control had 39% expressible moisture after

49 c amino acids significantly increased in the freeze-thawed crude fecal samples, suggesting a release

50 Frozen-thawed cucumber hypocotyl segments were strained

51 Results on fresh and frozen-thawed cutlets were compared to assess this way o

52 tical difference was found between fresh and frozen-thawed cutlets.

53 profiles resulting in increased warming and freeze-thaw cycle (FTC) frequency pose great ecological

54 ed by approximately two times after a single freeze-thaw cycle at -80 C.

55 Freeze-thaw cycle dynamics play a critical role in contr

56 The timing of the seasonal freeze-thaw cycle of arctic lakes affects ecological pro

57 A freeze-thaw cycle process was designed to stimulate the

58 included 24-h autosampler stability and one freeze-thaw cycle stability for the extracts.

59 at 24 h, but not at 6 or 12 h, and with one freeze-thaw cycle, all changes were within the range of

60 ns were tested at a 1:5 dilution and after a freeze-thaw cycle, respectively.

61 valuate storage duration-, temperature-, and freeze-thaw cycle-induced metabolic changes in crude sto

62 oxia or 500 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate or a freeze-thaw cycle.

63 ble in the presence of thiolated DNA after a freeze-thaw cycle.

64 nductivity of the wines before and after the freeze-thawing cycle.

65 Ps) and miRNA levels, and show that a single freeze/thaw cycle of plasma dramatically increases the n

66 We thus examined the effects of a single freeze/thaw cycle on microparticles (MPs) and miRNA leve

67 One additional freezing-thawing cycle at slow freezing rate caused appe

68 at -80 degrees C for 5years and to multiple freeze thaw cycles.

69 The effect of freeze-thaw cycles (0 or 1) and time to erythrocyte remo

70 of control temperature (2 degrees C), daily freeze-thaw cycles (2 to -4 degrees C) and constant free

71 ty after 14 days at 37 degrees C), iterative freeze-thaw cycles (3.4-fold post four-cycles), and lyop

72 odispersion was stable against the effect of freeze-thaw cycles (no phase separation observed).

73 Thus, worms exposed to combined effect of freeze-thaw cycles and 4-NP suffer higher consequences,

74 remarkably stable in whole milk after three freeze-thaw cycles and for up to 30 h at room temperatur

75 enaturation, NAM samples were subjected to 7 freeze-thaw cycles between -20 degrees C and 4 degrees C

76 howed that combined effect of 4-NP and daily freeze-thaw cycles can cause higher mortality to worms a

77 In comparison to drying, freeze-thaw cycles created additional preferential flow

78 y of the refrigerated or frozen lysates, and freeze-thaw cycles did not adversely impact the quality

79 These forms emerge because freeze-thaw cycles drive an interplay between two feedba

80 Also, sequential freeze-thaw cycles enhanced dissolution by releasing unr

81 thanol, also at -48 degrees C, with multiple freeze-thaw cycles for the extraction of metabolites.

82 Overall, the freeze-thaw cycles increased the mobilization of metal c

83 , understanding and predicting the effect of freeze-thaw cycles is important in environmental science

84 rage-time, storage-temperature, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles on circulating BDNF concentrations wa

85 bation duration and temperature and repeated freeze-thaw cycles on HIV RNA recovery were analyzed.

86 We examined the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the mobilization of cesium and str

87 ombinations and the effect of sonication and freeze-thaw cycles on the reproducibility, chemical shif

88 re not significantly changed during multiple freeze-thaw cycles or purification through sucrose gradi

89 4 degrees C for 3 days, -20 degrees C for 3 freeze-thaw cycles over 3 days, and on the autosampler.

90 Further, exposure to freeze-thaw cycles resulted in higher concentrations of

91 samples stored beyond 6 months and repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided.

92 correlation with coal permeability, and the freeze-thaw cycles significantly augment the permeabilit

93 odium azide and paracetamol) or subjected to freeze-thaw cycles to induce cell death by a non-chemica

94 The potential of freeze-thaw cycles to release colloids and colloid-assoc

95 leptodactylus) muscle subjected to different freeze-thaw cycles was investigated.

96 A total of five freeze-thaw cycles were applied to the three expansive s

97 Two freeze-thaw cycles were performed.

98 Due to global warming it is predicted that freeze-thaw cycles will increase in Arctic and cold temp

99 differences in clotting times, the number of freeze-thaw cycles, and different trypsin/protein ratios

100 stant in plasma exposed to room temperature, freeze-thaw cycles, and long-term frozen storage.

101 als, the effects of freezing time, number of freeze-thaw cycles, and the moisture content of coal wer

102 Samples were subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles, and total interleukin-1 receptor ant

103 tible to cracking owing to drying shrinkage, freeze-thaw cycles, delayed ettringite formation, reinfo

104 atory, including long-term storage, multiple freeze-thaw cycles, different collection tubes, and the

105 red assembly reaction is driven by iterative freeze-thaw cycles, even in the absence of external acti

106 temperature, permeabilization with saponin, freeze-thaw cycles, sonication, or extrusion.

107 rees C, 50 degrees C, or undergoing repeated freeze-thaw cycles, were compared with freshly extracted

108 d stored at <-20 degrees C, avoiding further freeze-thaw cycles.

109 been stressed by low pH, heat, and multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

110 ophilising, blotting onto filter paper); and freeze-thaw cycles.

111 hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and exposed to freeze-thaw cycles.

112 ress, storage at room temperature, and three freeze-thaw cycles.

113 ambient and -20 degrees C and after multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

114 degradation after sonication, vortexing, and freeze-thaw cycles.

115 one week at +30 degrees C and following four freeze-thaw cycles.

116 ing isolates following multiple passages and freeze-thaw cycles.

117 table and shows no syneresis even after five freeze-thaw cycles.

118 ere used to determine the effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

119 m temperature for up to 24 h and after three freeze-thaw cycles.

120 on, and showed no loss of activity after six freeze-thaw cycles.

121 several hours and in CSF subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles.

122 separator tube, storage-time, and number of freeze-thaw cycles.

123 e at room temperature for 4 h or up to three freeze-thaw cycles.

124 lts were reproducibly performed over several freeze-thaw cycles.

125 red during nonrefrigerated transportation or freeze-thaw cycles.

126 el structure with higher digestibility after freeze-thaw cycles.

127 blood was subjected to different numbers of freeze/thaw cycles and analyzed for the influence of sto

128 analysis of the study samples after multiple freeze/thaw cycles followed by a short-term benchtop sto

129 effect of storage conditions and consecutive freeze/thaw cycles was determined.

130 e, at 4 degrees C, and when exposed to three freeze/thaw cycles.

131 eratures above -80 degrees C and consecutive freeze/thaw cycles.

132 samples were exposed to different numbers of freezing/thawing cycles and separated into three batches

133 e their freshness according to the number of freezing/thawing cycles they exposed.

134 ical (centrifugation) and thermal stressors (freeze, thaw cycling).

135 Comparison to freezing time, freeze-thaw cycling caused much more damage to the coal

136 estigated by micro-flow imaging (MFI) during freeze-thaw cycling in phosphate buffered solutions.

137 Freeze-thaw cycling stresses many environments which inc

138 vels, for three different physical stresses: freeze-thaw cycling, heating, and agitation.

139 pic phase transition coupled with repetitive freeze-thaw cycling.

140 cell viability and tissue architecture from freeze-thaw cycling.

141 that can protect lactate dehydrogenase from freeze-thaw damage by preventing the aggregation and den

142 The third variable studied, freeze-thaw damage resulting from high moisture content,

143 bility to protect lactate dehydrogenase from freeze-thaw damage.

144 sal lamina sheaths produced by mechanical or freeze-thaw damage.

145 on stimulation by BimEL, Bak-BH3 peptide, or freeze/thaw damage.

146 cy and using fresh samples, thereby avoiding freeze-thaw degradation of nucleotides.

147 ng of salmon by-products to pH-adjustment or freeze/thawing efficiently released the emulsified oil a

148 method to evaluate the relationship between freeze-thaw embolism and conduit diameter across a range

149 success rate of in-vitro fertilization using frozen-thawed embryos now approaches that of using fresh

150 prostate cancer genotypes following a double freeze-thaw encounter.

151 isms of cell death that are attendant to the freezing-thaw encounter are clearly understood.

152 adults but a habitat subjected frequently to freeze-thaw episodes and bouts of pH, anoxic, and osmoti

153 Freeze-thaw events can affect plant hydraulics by induci

154 During winter, freeze-thaw events, snow depth, and soil freezing depth

155 reservation system and subjected to multiple freeze-thaw events.

156 riability during the winter (and likely more freeze/thaw events), had less extractable inorganic nitr

157 f external stressors including: desiccation, freeze/thaw, exposure to high temperatures, osmotic shoc

158 used to probe a Far Western blot of a yeast freeze/thaw extract (F/TE) that inhibited Hc binding to

159 Freeze/thaw extract (F/TE), a preparation of Hc yeast su

160 The Freeze-thaw (F-T) stability and turbidity of GCWS were a

161 ction from Leishmania infection, CpG-ODN and freeze-thawed (F/T) Leishmania major were coinjected int

162 be stored frozen prior to analysis, and the freeze/thaw (F/T) process introduces thrombin clots that

163 rank bone tissue if devitalized by standard "freeze & thaw" (F&T) cycles, associated with a significa

164 Frozen-thawed fillets showed two specific protein spots

165 tration of some metabolites in reference and frozen-thawed fish during its storage.

166 ss of fish and distinguish between fresh and frozen-thawed fish fillets.

167 Gels of freeze-thawed FPH-2 and FPH-8 were similar to unfrozen c

168 ll as for environmental processes related to freeze-thaw fracturing.

169 new regions and subject others to a changing freeze-thaw frequency.

170 When cytoplasmic extracts prepared by freeze/thaw from a control strain were fractionated by g

171 imate regions experience low temperature and freeze-thaw (FT) conditions in the winter.

172 dity after freezing and thawing and improves freeze-thaw (FT) survival.

173 hnique to study matrix mobility in fresh and freeze-thawed gelled yolk.

174 coli that evolved for 1000 generations under freeze-thaw-growth (FTG) conditions.

175 ased hepatocyte viability, individual viable frozen/thawed hepatocytes demonstrated clonal replicativ

176 c photosynthate input, wetting-event inputs, freeze-thaw impacts on substrate diffusion, aggregate tu

177 The traditional low pH pulse produced by freeze-thawing in mixed sodium phosphate buffer induces

178 arcoplasmic proteins of pork loins caused by freezing-thawing in relation to freezing rate.

179 n method and fractal dimension analyses, how freeze-thaw induced fractures in the coal was quantitati

180 Freeze-thaw induced fracturing coal by liquid nitrogen (

181 monitor the cavitation process and estimate freeze-thaw-induced PLC.

182 conduits (hydraulic diameter) showed higher freeze-thaw-induced PLC.

183 urther, we produced myocardial cell death by freeze-thaw injury to induce DCC.

184 The wetting events following freeze-thaw intervals mobilized about twice as many coll

185 ast, successive wetting events after 66 h of freeze-thaw intervals mobilized greater amounts of collo

186 nt SCE-inducing factor(s), which can survive freeze-thawing, is heat labile and also can be inhibited

187 Freeze-thaw, known as an unfavorable lysis method result

188 plants by measuring electrolyte leakage from freeze-thawed leaf discs.

189 In vitro assays on frozen-thawed leaf sections revealed that recombinant Zm

190 IL-10 and added B. burgdorferi spirochetes (freeze-thawed, live, or sonicated) or lipidated outer su

191 DC presentation of freeze-thaw lysate material derived from (either autolog

192 A series of bulk antigenic formats (freeze-thaw lysate, trifluoroacetic acid lysate, extract

193 506-binding protein (FKBP) and purified from freeze-thaw lysates in high yield by affinity chromatogr

194 We find that freeze-thaw lysates of human endothelial cells (EC) incr

195 RNA polymerase subunits in lysozyme-freeze-thaw lysates of minicells were associated with mi

196 tumor preparation: irradiation, boiling, or freeze thaw lysis for DC priming.

197 Freeze-thaw lysis appeared to inhibit CTL activity in vi

198 icrochip platform for performing single-cell freeze-thaw lysis directly toward 3' mRNA sequencing.

199 6+/-2 (n = 2), roughly 3-fold lower than for freeze-thaw lysis.

200 ifferent stages of product lifecycle such as freeze-thaw, manufacturing, shipping, and storage, and c

201 ause of myofibrillar protein denaturation in frozen-thawed meat.

202 The freeze-thaw method clearly improved the detection of vol

203 ove the detection of volatiles in insects, a freeze-thaw method was applied to insect samples before

204 resulting from an individual cell lysed by a freeze-thaw method, gave an average signal-to-noise rati

205 Freezing-thawing minced pork reduced water-holding of my

206 ochondria and electron transport activity in freeze-thawed mitochondrial membrane fragments in a dose

207 Fresh and frozen/thawed mouse hepatocytes were transferred separat

208 ntage over the reported poor permeability of freeze-thawed nerve grafts.

209 Following freeze-thaw of 247 specimens, indeterminate rates were 1

210 Freeze-thawing of both bevacizumab and placebo samples l

211 The evaluation of freshness and freeze-thawing of fish fillets was carried out by assess

212 ng the permeability of mitochondria by quick freeze-thawing of fresh homogenates just before assay di

213 For applications from food science to the freeze-thawing of proteins it is important to understand

214 ng vaccinia virus) or mechanical cell death (freeze/thaw of ovalbumin-expressing cells), tissue cultu

215 Freezing-thawing of PBPC had no effect on porcine CFUs b

216 fter cell death) was produced in vivo by the freezing-thawing of rat thymus and in cell culture of Ju

217 o three batches, namely (i) fresh, (ii) once frozen-thawed (OF) and (iii) twice frozen-thawed (TF) sa

218 The effect of freeze-thawing on cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase and ly

219 ric points, distinguished fresh fillets from frozen-thawed ones.

220 and/or thawing media enhanced the ability of frozen-thawed oocytes to resume meiosis.

221 amine:DOPC (1:1, mol:mol) prepared by either freeze-thaw or reverse-phase evaporation methods, neithe

222 s for OT-1 CTLs, whereas DCs stimulated with freeze-thawed or boiled tumors did not stimulate IFN-gam

223 In human platelet lysates prepared by freeze-thawing or by the addition of nonionic detergent,

224 Freeze-thawing or other mishandling can further increase

225 and without PRF lysates obtained by repeated freeze-thawing or the secretome of PRF membranes, termed

226 Levels were unaffected by freezing/thawing or prolonged storage and did not displa

227 normal cells or cells killed by irradiation, freeze thaw, or osmotic shock.

228 Orthotopic reimplantation of frozen/thawed ovarian cortical strips is a well tolerate

229 fferent (1/5 fresh, 1/4 papain-treated, 0/17 frozen-thawed; P = 0.10).

230 The effect on RNA quality of freeze-thawing peripheral blood cells and storage in pre

231 idation products and the compound present in freeze-thawed plasma suggests that gamma-linolenic acid

232 In both species, the freeze-thaw plus water-stress treatment caused more embo

233 esh poultry, visually indistinguishable from frozen-thawed poultry, presents an attractive target for

234 combination with the N-terminal domain via a freeze-thawing procedure.

235 fresh but also devitalized MFAT (DMFAT) (by freezing/thawing procedure) were able to deliver and rel

236 ure suggest that uncertainty associated with freeze-thaw processes as well as soil textural effects o

237 l temperatures cannot completely reflect the freeze-thaw processes in deeper soil layers and appears

238 Here, we analyze freeze-thaw processes through in situ CO(2) and CH(4) fl

239 nutrient availability, cold temperature and freeze-thaw processes, UV and radical exposure, and evap

240 cted by differential centrifugation and post-freeze/thaw processing.

241 gas-based cryoablation system with a double-freeze-thaw protocol was used to treat cancers in outpat

242 Additionally, we describe an efficient freeze-thawing protocol that allows single-cell transcri

243 rotoplasts, it increased the cryosurvival of frozen-thawed protoplasts by 24% over untreated or BSA-t

244 otein complex was maximized by extraction of frozen-thawed protoplasts with a pH 8.8 carbonate buffer

245 urthermore, culturing of the cells in vitro, freezing/thawing, reintegration into a recipient embryo

246 ime series of air photographs indicates that freeze-thaw-related polygon fields can form rapidly, ove

247 relationship between Px and Df to model the freeze-thaw response in conifer species.

248 can differentiate between fresh skinless and frozen-thawed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets us

249 markers of differentiation between fresh and frozen-thawed sea bass fillets.

250 le preparation is investigated by repeatedly freezing/thawing short strands followed by matrix-assist

251 blastocysts were cryopreserved and a delayed frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer was done.

252 The percentage of viable frozen-thawed sperm (%ViableSperm) determined by flow cy

253 assay, we measured and correlated the DFI of frozen-thawed sperm from 83 unique mutant mouse strains

254 < 0.05) percentage of acrosome integrity in frozen-thawed spermatozoa was observed in the 60 uM rosi

255 minated with either fresh, papain-treated or frozen-thawed spermatozoa.

256 nsfer of apoptotic (irradiated) or necrotic (freeze thaw) splenocytes.

257 such as high acid and shear resistance, high freeze-thaw stability and improved gel texture.

258 recovery studies, autosampler stability, and freeze-thaw stability.

259 -80 degrees C and -20 degrees C for 2 weeks (freeze/thaw stability).

260 This starch is extremely freeze-thaw-stable and shows no syneresis even after fiv

261 We have now created a freeze-thaw-stable potato starch by alteration of starch

262 es, horse mackerels and chub mackerel during frozen/thawed storage.

263 cells from the recipients were cultured with frozen/thawed stored donor cells or major histocompatibi

264 alpine timberline are exposed to drought and freeze-thaw stress during winter, which induce potential

265 aria K2) on the protection of membranes from freeze-thaw stress.

266 ope with harsh conditions, including extreme freeze-thaw stress.

267 olerant to peracetic acid, refrigeration and freeze-thaw stresses.

268 ure after an 8.5% cook loss, whereas gels of freeze-thawed SuSo, FPH-2 and FPH-8 had significantly lo

269 A multiplexed freeze/thaw switching principle and a distribution netwo

270 mp plus a set of multiplexed liquid nitrogen freeze/thaw switching valves are employed for liquid han

271 t addition of SMP resulted in an increase in freeze-thaw syneresis and reduction in starch granule si

272 us of PapA and PapE was mimicked in vitro by freeze-thaw techniques and resulted in the formation of

273 A controlled freeze-thawing test for wines is proposed to predict the

274 or the recommended operating conditions, the freeze-thawing test gives reproducible results, which ar

275 The passive version of freeze-thawing test seems to be an expedite and reliable

276 (ii) once frozen-thawed (OF) and (iii) twice frozen-thawed (TF) samples, in order to perform the fres

277 pared with controls using tetanus toxoid and frozen/thawed third-party cells with no human leukocyte

278 ks) and old (24 months) rats were repeatedly freeze-thawed to kill the cellular component of the vess

279 is model was challenged using a subset of 23 freeze-thawed training samples.

280 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a frac

281 and ldps single- and double-mutant seeds and freeze-thaw treatment of seeds revealed that OLEO1 suppr

282 obicity of control and FPH-2 increased after freeze-thaw treatment, while that of FPH-8 did not chang

283 and protect the liposomes from fusing after freeze-thaw treatment.

284 ere compared to control NAM before and after freeze-thaw treatment.

285 ed NAM protein structure and function during freeze-thaw treatment.

286 enerated with versus without superimposing a freeze-thaw treatment.

287 death or mechanical cell death, elicited by freeze/thaw treatment of cell suspensions, yielded GRP94

288 aggregation, oxidant etching, and repetitive freeze/thaw treatment-because of the presence of their m

289 A "freeze-thaw" treatment on seeds of red vinifera cultivar

290 Drying and freeze-thaw treatments, respectively, increased and decr

291 LDH) under heat, dehydration-rehydration and freeze-thaw treatments.

292 ptobrevin 2 immunoprecipitates obtained from frozen-thawed Triton X-100 extracts, which were greatly

293 Freeze-thaw valves (FTVs) can provide a low cost, low co

294 nt of damage caused by each of the different freeze-thaw variables were empirically regressed.

295 To evaluate the different freeze-thaw variables which modify the mechanical proper

296 hosphatidyl serine-coated microtiter plates, frozen thawed washed platelets, activated partial thromb

297 e and the effect on the metabolic profile of freeze-thawing were examined.

298 optimised protocol (30 min standing time, 0 freeze-thaw) were used, resulting in high diagnostic acc

299 Freeze-thawing, which involves a mild denaturing step, m

300 ting effect occurred if the T9-C2 cells were freeze-thawed, x-irradiated, or treated with mitomycin-C