ライフサイエンスコーパス: fungicide

1 azone (an antidiabetic), and enilconazole (a fungicide).

2 (pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and manganese fungicides).

3 kable extracellular barriers, laced with the fungicide.

4 ing that it is an environmentally compatible fungicide.

5 rials following applications of the mancozeb fungicide.

6 is class of peptides as a spray-on fungistat/fungicide.

7 onal terbinafine, which is a water-insoluble fungicide.

8 a beta-cyclodextrin derivative to bind this fungicide.

9 xicity of a pyrethroid insecticide and azole fungicide.

10 s which are not targeted by this bactericide/fungicide.

11 could serve as potential sources for new bio-fungicides.

12 ns, especially fungi, which are managed with fungicides.

13 e succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor group of fungicides.

14 a new generation of environmentally friendly fungicides.

15 ecticides, non-lepidopteran insecticides and fungicides.

16 te the widespread use of host resistance and fungicides.

17 e crop rotations, or increased dependency on fungicides.

18 lications as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, or fungicides.

19 ld potential as effective and non-toxic crop fungicides.

20 s dependent on demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides.

21 eta-tubulins are the target of benzimidazole fungicides.

22 rentially selected for by the application of fungicides.

23 unaffected by the presence of these selected fungicides.

24 and inexhaustible source for antibiotics and fungicides.

25 here was no association with insecticides or fungicides.

26 stitutes one of the alternatives to chemical fungicides.

27 stronger when adjusted for insecticides and fungicides.

28 anticancer drugs, pesticides, herbicides or fungicides.

29 he current environmental risk assessment for fungicides.

30 e and rapidly overcomes resistance genes and fungicides.

31 cell-wall targeting compounds, or to various fungicides.

32 t motifs in pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and fungicides.

33 ergosterol in fungi, and the target of azole fungicides.

34 pesticide residues, which were dominated by fungicides.

35 s, and can be contaminated by mycotoxins and fungicides.

36 The PRs included 16 fungicides (52%), 8 insecticides (26%), 2 herbicides (6%

37 n disease was investigated with the use of a fungicide, a pesticide mixture, a plastic mixture, dioxi

38 In the strategy for developing new fungicides, a critical step is the identification of new

39 seed-applied insecticide use, impacts of new fungicide active ingredients, and the effects of some se

40 Therefore, the development of new fungicides against FG is an important issue to reduce ce

41 tabolizing activity, identified six triazole fungicides, all fungal P450 inhibitors, that dock in the

42 The influence of ten new generation fungicides (ametoctradin, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, bos

43 g for resistance to the ergosterol-targeting fungicide amphotericin B (AmB) revealed that the two gro

44 We describe two classes of models used for fungicide and antibiotic resistance dynamics.

45 nduce visceral hypersensitivity), then given fungicide and donor cecum content via oral gavage.

46 ase system, different protection strategies (fungicide and inoculations with native root-associated b

47 Thiabendazole (TBZ) is a chemical fungicide and parasiticide largely used in food industry

48 r data support the identification of a novel fungicide and the compound has been named occidiofungin,

49 cide mixtures, and bumblebees exposed to the fungicide and the pyrethroid were less likely to have N.

50 SQLE is the target of fungicides and of increasing interest in human health an

51 of dithiocarbamates (DTCs), which are potent fungicides and pesticides, thus raising concern that CS2

52 We consider modern usage of fungicides and plant defence activators, assess the usef

53 uires c-di-GMP-dependent signalling, diverse fungicides and resistance to a Fusarium-derived antibiot

54 yield losses of up to 10% despite the use of fungicides and resistant cultivars.

55 yield losses and is currently controlled by fungicides and sulphur applications in conventional and

56 of the method was 0.05-100 mug L(-1) for all fungicides and the limit of detection was 0.007-0.025 mu

57 , pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and manganese fungicides) and five individual organophosphates (acepha

58 atory framework for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, and recommended for the

59 arbons; disinfection byproducts; pesticides, fungicides, and bactericides; and flame retardants) and

60 ion to ever use of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and fumigants.

61 thod and covers 26 pesticides (insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides) of different chemical classe

62 ccession and diffuse transfer of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticide treatments in a vineyard cat

63 of biocidal active ingredients (herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides); we then selected fludioxo

64 ned screening of 320 pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and other chemicals in a series of high-thro

65 eptible to fusarium head blight treated with fungicides, and to evaluate the relationship between fun

66 noparticles (NPs)-a potential fertilizer and fungicide- and H(2)O(2)-released from roots during plant

67 Identification of postharvest fungicides, antioxidants, and sugars in fruit peel is pe

68 es, and to evaluate the relationship between fungicide application and mycotoxin production.

69 ed to predict whether a proposed change to a fungicide application program would decrease selection f

70 Fungicide application reduced ectomycorrhizal root colon

71 We introduce a modelling framework for fungicide application that allows us to consider how "ex

72 o environmental variation or to intermittent fungicide application) interacts with the intrinsic demo

73 The effect of treating grapes with six fungicides, applied under critical agricultural practice

74 Over 800 000 kg of Mn-containing fungicides are applied each year in California.

75 Fungicides are indispensable to global food security and

76 Azole fungicides are known inhibitors of the important enzyme

77 Novel fungicides are urgently needed.

78 er pesticides (ie, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides) are associated with excess risk of multiple

79 raditional rodent assays, we used five azole fungicides as well investigated model substances.

80 we then selected fludioxonil, a halogenated fungicide, as a model compound for more detailed study,

81 Fungicide assays showed that C. fioriniae was sensitive

82 r insight into ecological risk posed by this fungicide associated with its metabolites.

83 The strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin was chosen as co-occurring substr

84 Rhodobacter sphaeroides in complex with the fungicide azoxystrobin.

85 reduction in wing length in response to the fungicides azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin.

86 anidin; herbicides: atrazine, S-metolachlor; fungicides: azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobi

87 n, suggesting that isolates resistant to DMI fungicides based on the Y137H mutation may develop and b

88 ethod was developed to determine twenty-five fungicides belonging to three different chemical familie

89 urrence, and we previously reported that the fungicide benomyl interferes with several cellular proce

90 dane (OR(adj) = 1.3 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.7), the fungicides benomyl (OR(adj) = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.9, 5.1) and

91 rbicides (atrazine and glyphosate) and three fungicides (boscalid, chlorothalonil, and prochloraz).

92 he fraction of the population exposed to the fungicide can be derived for the transition between diff

93 We additionally demonstrate that fungicides can be highly toxic to a broad range of organ

94 Fungicides can reach aquatic ecosystems and occur in sur

95 ographic method for the determination of six fungicides (captan, chlorthalonil, folpet, iprodione, pr

96 otubes for voltammetric determination of the fungicide carbendazim (CBZ).

97 viability are enhanced by the commonly used fungicide carbendazim and the herbicide glyphosate.

98 eloped for the multiresidue of 10 multiclass fungicides (carbendazim, thiabendazole, imazalil, tridem

99 Genome-wide microarray analysis showed that fungicide chlorothalonil (CHT) and BR co-upregulated 301

100 Here, we quantify the effects of the fungicide chlorothalonil on 34 species-, 2 community- an

101 rbon-tetrachloride/carbon disulfide, and the fungicide chlorothalonil, respectively.

102 er protective nor appropriate for predicting fungicide concentrations in the field in the context of

103 Hence, the use of these last four fungicides could cause a decrease in possible health ben

104 In this study, six azole fungicides (cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, ketoconazole,

105 metry was developed for the determination of fungicides (cyprodinil, procymidone, fludioxonil, flusil

106 te acting fungicide with a multi-site acting fungicide delayed the emergence of resistance to the sin

107 oxiredoxin-independent function in promoting fungicide-dependent cell swelling and growth arrest.

108 This area of research offers new avenues for fungicide design by targeting fungal-specific proteins t

109 Since fungicides differ with regard to their physicochemical p

110 idence of an association between exposure to fungicides, dioxin, phytoestrogens, flame retardants, he

111 The fungicides dissipated differentially.

112 ter wheat and used to evaluate the effect of fungicide dose rate on the time to emergence of resistan

113 life-cycle parameters and the effects of the fungicide (dose, frequency, use of mixtures, spatial usa

114 ficient mutant and mediates the entry of the fungicide drug, fenpropimorph.

115 dissipation of three insecticides and three fungicides during the freezing of zucchini.

116 s us to consider how "explicit" modelling of fungicide dynamics affects the invasion and persistence

117 ting at a concentration of 50 mug/mL and the fungicide effect at a concentration of 250 mug/mL.

118 ms, including spatio-temporal heterogeneity, fungicide effects, non-fungal BCA and strategies for BCA

119 coming a reliable alternative for commercial fungicides, especially for postharvest decay control.

120 of fungicides to aquatic ecosystems covering fungicide exposure (i.e., environmental fate, exposure m

121 t currently challenge our ability to predict fungicide exposure and effects, promising research avenu

122 ed relations between environmental pesticide/fungicide exposure and prostate cancer.

123 mental concentrations is debatable, and that fungicide exposure can be effectively mitigated.

124 hexamid, and pyrimethanil are new generation fungicides extensively employed in order to combat disea

125 The influence of six fungicides (famoxadone, fenhexamid, fluquinconazole, kre

126 We report the discovery of nontoxic fungicide fenarimol (1) as an inhibitor of Trypanosoma c

127 The morpholine-like fungicides, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine, mirrored thei

128 Last, we identified the fungicide fluconazole as an inhibitor of cAMP-mediated r

129 ceral hypersensitivity using rats exposed to fungicide (fluconazole and nystatin).

130 lcofluor white and Congo red, as well as the fungicides fludioxonil and vinclozolin, suggesting a rol

131 owadays, residues of the recently registered fungicide fluopyram are increasingly being found in qual

132 sipation behaviour of simultaneously applied fungicides fluquinconazole and pyrimethanil was studied

133 th proteins are similarly sensitive to azole fungicides flusilazole, prothioconazole-desthio and tebu

134 rometry in the presence and absence of azole fungicides followed by toxicokinetic modeling, we showed

135 mprovement of the overall performance of the fungicide formulations.

136 review is to present the state of the art in fungicides formulations developed for agrochemistry, als

137 detection of 34 PPPs and with herbicides and fungicides found in equal proportions.

138 for solid-phase microextraction of triazole fungicides from natural water and juices is introduced.

139 , the maximum observed yield benefits due to fungicide (FST = fungicide seed treatment) + neonicotino

140 However, though fungicides have greatly contributed to substantial incre

141 insecticides, the exposure to and effects of fungicides have received less attention.

142 eonicotinoids as well as other insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, acaricides, growth regulators an

143 cides that are introduced by beekeepers; and fungicides, herbicides, and other environmental contamin

144 as used to determine the distribution of the fungicide imazalil in apples.

145 The degradation of the postharvest fungicides imazalil, orthophenylphenol, and pyrimethanil

146 All fungicides impaired leaf palatability to the leaf-shredd

147 CEO-ChNPs can be used as a promising natural fungicide in agriculture and food industry.

148 f carbendazim, a commonly used benzimidazole fungicide in agriculture.

149 This method is based on anodic oxidation of fungicide in Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 4) containing 1

150 ific determination and quantification of the fungicide in food matrices.

151 Tetraconazole is currently used as a fungicide in fruit and vegetables.

152 of MALDI imaging for spatial localization of fungicide in fruit in combination with IR laser ablation

153 lower than that of albesilate, a widely used fungicide in harvested citrus fruit.

154 f pyrimethanil on pome fruits, a widely used fungicide in horticultural species.

155 ability of the aptasensor for monitoring EDI fungicide in spiked real samples.

156 idated for the estimation of dithiocarbamate fungicides in a variety of fruit and vegetable matrices.

157 velopmental activity of structurally related fungicides in C. elegans correlated with their rate of m

158 used commercially as drugs, herbicides, and fungicides in different systems, but in recent years the

159 experiments were carried out for these three fungicides in ecological red must from Vitis vinifera cv

160 provide an adequate level of protection for fungicides in general.

161 s study, a survey of the occurrence of these fungicides in international wines was carried out by usi

162 vators were more effective than conventional fungicides in rising the levels of sterols, particularly

163 d field concentrations (MFC) of agricultural fungicides in surface waters and sediments from 56 studi

164 sistance may occur through exposure to azole fungicides in the environment.

165 esent environmental risk assessment (ERA) of fungicides in the European Union for fungi is unknown.

166 trile; TPN) is one of the most commonly used fungicides in the United States.

167 n of mancozeb, the most-used dithiocarbamate fungicide, in field followed first+first order kinetics

168 rt a role of organochlorines, in addition to fungicides, in the etiology of thyroid disease among fem

169 d with Parkinson's disease risk, and certain fungicides, including pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, f

170 a drug target of the phenylpyrrole class of fungicides, inducing elevated MG which alters HHK activi

171 Here, we use fungicide, insecticide and physical exclosure treatments

172 determine the residual concentrations of the fungicides iprodione and procymidone that had been appli

173 f resistance in a pathogen population once a fungicide is no longer effective and removed from use.

174 r of the industry where the use of synthetic fungicides is not permitted for disease control.

175 o not explicitly include the dynamics of the fungicide itself, nor do they consider the impact of inf

176 Recently, a novel fungicide JS399-19 has been launched into the marketplac

177 Although fungicides lack acute toxicity, they may influence bee h

178 h extensive aerial spraying of Mn-containing fungicide mancozeb in Costa Rica, and examined environme

179 ts and maximum dose per treatment are set by fungicide manufacturers and regulators at a level that p

180 With the arrival of fungicides many gains have been made in this struggle.

181 onic exposure to widely used dithiocarbamate fungicides may contribute to the development of PD, and

182 Exposure of A. fumigatus to azole fungicides may facilitate the emergence of new resistanc

183 Thus, agricultural use of triazole fungicides may put bees at risk of being unable to extra

184 The impact of fungicides mepanipyrim (Mep) and tetraconazole (Tetra) a

185 During ozonation of drinking water, the fungicide metabolite N,N-dimethylsulfamide (DMS) can be

186 hough the fraction of the underestimation of fungicide MFC values was generally lower than that obtai

187 We studied the mechanisms of ziram's (a DTC fungicide) neurotoxicity in vivo.

188 We show that fungicides occur widely in aquatic systems, that the acc

189 also evaluated the usefulness of mixing two fungicides of differing modes of action for delaying the

190 perimental areas, in which no treatment with fungicides of the dithiocarbamate group was applied.

191 Methyl bromide, a fungicide often used in strawberry cultivation, is of co

192 s) as well as direct and indirect effects of fungicides on microorganisms, macrophytes, invertebrates

193 ng a track sprayer system, residues of these fungicides on the leaf surfaces were sufficiently visual

194 erizing the distribution of three commercial fungicides on wheat leaf surfaces.

195 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 1.6) and fungicides (OR(adj) = 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.8) but no asso

196 f agricultural chemicals (insecticides and a fungicide) over the last 40 years.

197 Compared with conventional fungicides (penconazole and methyldinocap), in 2009, BTH

198 active ingredients (such as insecticides and fungicides), polymers, waxes, fillers, and pigments.

199 d honeybee toxicants, whereas herbicides and fungicides pose fewer environmental problems.

200 The emerging resistance of crop pathogens to fungicides poses a challenge to food security and compel

201 ted as an alternative solution to commercial fungicide - prochloraz(R) that is currently being used b

202 a white wine containing four other competing fungicides (procymidone, pyrimethanil, azoxystrobin and

203 nd mineral speciation of nanosized Cu in two fungicide products (A and B) available in the U.S. marke

204 ed effect (i.e., that a specific change to a fungicide program increased or decreased selection or wa

205 talloids (cadmium, arsenic), followed by the fungicide propiconazole and herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenox

206 del for the synergistic mixture of the azole fungicide, propiconazole (the synergist), and the insect

207 ere plant pathogen, and relative to chemical fungicides, provides broad benefits to the environment,

208 oate, disulfoton, and zeta-cypermethrin; and fungicide pyraclostrobin) had significantly different as

209 and the exposure time of the pathogen to the fungicide reduces the selection for resistance.

210 selected from a list of all insecticides and fungicides registered in Switzerland and their major TPs

211 We propose that microbial construction of fungicide-releasing hydrophobic barriers might be a nove

212 These results suggest that azole fungicides remain a useful component of integrated phoma

213 xin in wheat grain and epoxiconazole was the fungicide residue found in the highest concentration.

214 Fungicide residue occurrences were 22.4%, 19.2%, 18.8%,

215 To obtain the fungicide residues below 0.01 mg/kg, which is the defaul

216 Fungicide residues can affect the biotransformation of a

217 Fungicide residues did not display higher variations in

218 simultaneous determination of mycotoxins and fungicide residues in wheat grains susceptible to fusari

219 confidence level 95%) The dissipation of the fungicide residues was fitted to the experimental data a

220 Fungicide residues were determined by solid-phase microe

221 GC-ECD and GC-NPD) was used to determine the fungicides residues, the analytical performance of which

222 In addition, the rising issues of fungicide resistance demand alternative strategies to re

223 We show that models of fungicide resistance dynamics with and without density-d

224 y studies exist about the selection phase of fungicide resistance evolution, where a resistant strain

225 ive traits such as pathogenicity, virulence, fungicide resistance, and host specialization, as genome

226 s emergence and spread of new traits such as fungicide resistance, increasing difficulties in managin

227 The emergence phase of the evolution of fungicide resistance--where the resistant strain is not

228 ing less effective owing to the emergence of fungicide resistance.

229 s) on the evolution, invasion, and spread of fungicide resistance.

230 ng the applied dose to slow the evolution of fungicide resistance.

231 Fungicide-resistance management would be more effective

232 ar susceptibility, environmental influences, fungicides, sanitizers, and detection methods has vastly

233 erved yield benefits due to fungicide (FST = fungicide seed treatment) + neonicotinoid use (FST + NST

234 re about initial conditions: either both the fungicide-sensitive strain and the -resistant strain are

235 We assessed the enzyme activity and fungicide sensitivity for isolates identified in New Yor

236 us expression of LmCYP51B and LbCYP51B, with fungicide sensitivity testing of the transformants, sugg

237 Fungicide sensitivity testing on isolates shows that the

238 Fungicides should be used to the extent required to mini

239 Treating seeds and young seedlings with fungicides significantly reduced the diversity of the se

240 which could be reduced by administration of fungicides, soluble beta-glucans, or a SYK inhibitor.

241 olite of ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (EBDCs) fungicides such as mancozeb.

242 ethroid insecticide cypermethrin and the EBI fungicide tebuconazole) interact to affect bumblebees at

243 that observed after treatment with the azole fungicide tebuconazole, for which the CYP51 enzyme is a

244 sponsible for the reduced sensitivity to DMI fungicide tebuconazole, transformants expressing the mut

245 ris rufa) eggs to an herbicide (2,4-D) and a fungicide (tebuconazole) applied to winter cereal crops

246 hat (a) Transfersomes deliver the lipophilic fungicide Terbinafine to the fungal cell wall, (b) the m

247 known as JS399-19) is a recently identified fungicide that exerts its antifungal effect on susceptib

248 d MP4 has shown a great potential as a novel fungicide that might be useful for control of postharves

249 For the fungicide thiabendazole, I50 value was roughly the same

250 imit of detection (LOD) of 63 ppb, while the fungicide thiram was detected down to an estimated LOD o

251 Administration of fungicide to hypersensitive rats reduced their visceral

252 elemental sulfur (S(0)) as a quick-reacting fungicide to prevent damage to crops.

253 ic invader Alliaria petiolata, a nonsystemic fungicide to simulate A. petiolata's effects, or green l

254 We provide an overview of the risk of fungicides to aquatic ecosystems covering fungicide expo

255 re formation in fungi and provide a class of fungicides to control diverse diseases of plants and ani

256 ethod using QuEChERS extracts of fruits from fungicide-treated crops.

257 Alliaria petiolata and fungicide treatment effects were indistinguishable: we o

258 alenol, on the contrary, were reduced in all fungicide treatments compared to the control.

259 There is an unmet need for new antifungal or fungicide treatments, as resistance to existing treatmen

260 ransformation of seven frequently used azole fungicides (triazoles: cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, flu

261 odies to the Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide trifloxystrobin.

262 s and young children, the application of the fungicides under study should be carried out 2 or 3 mont

263 rophenethyl)imidazole]) is a systemic chiral fungicide used in postharvest protection of citruses aga

264 red by the chemical structure of fenfuram, a fungicide used in the 1980s, and used them to investigat

265 riseochromogenes was the first non-mercurial fungicide used on a large scale to prevent rice blast.

266 natural product of pyrrolnitrin, is a potent fungicide used on crops worldwide.

267 Triflumizole (TFZ) is an imidazole fungicide used on many food and ornamental crops.

268 Thiabendazole, a systemic fungicide used to treat vegetables and fruits during pos

269 ments in their safety, with special focus on fungicides used most against the ten most important fung

270 Recoveries of the fungicides varied between 86 and 116%.

271 tudy examined the actions of an agricultural fungicide vinclozolin on gestating female (F0 generation

272 find that a single exposure to a common-use fungicide (vinclozolin) three generations removed alters

273 the gene encoding the target protein for DMI fungicides (VvCYP51) was cloned and investigated.

274 Fungicide was applied to half of the seedlings to separa

275 urse of the experiment, and after 7 days the fungicide was detected at 0.015 ppm 6 mm inside the appl

276 the doses studied (p<0.5), whereas when the fungicide was included in wax as an emulsifiable concent

277 cation, which suggested that the use of this fungicide was safe for humans.

278 The decay of the three fungicides was evaluated using an in-house validated ana

279 ate GPCR candidate target for developing new fungicides was selected.

280 Cu, and Kocide (a micron sized Cu(OH)2-based fungicide) was investigated over 90 days.

281 Fluopyram, a typical phenylamide fungicide, was widely applied to protect fruit vegetable

282 oclonal antibodies to this anilinopyrimidine fungicide were raised for the first time with the aim to

283 Past ambient exposures to pesticides/fungicides were derived from residential history and ind

284 Fungicides were determined in 50% and amitraz metabolite

285 None of the fungicides were found in the European pooled formulae, w

286 However, insecticides and fungicides were rarely detected.

287 rs, the disease is currently managed through fungicides which add to environmental pollution.

288 d to quantify the rate of penetration of the fungicide, which was determined to be approximately 1 mm

289 nt crop diseases, but is only treatable with fungicides, which are becoming less effective owing to t

290 crops, control relies on the application of fungicides, which target airborne ascospores.

291 te was the compound most influenced by these fungicides, while diethyl succinate, decanoic acid, beta

292 f chlorothalonil, a polychlorinated aromatic fungicide widely used in agriculture, was investigated u

293 ts of the antibiotic, jinggangmycin (JGM), a fungicide widely used in Asian rice agroecosystems, on r

294 Iprodione is a fungicide widely used in viticulture in most agricultura

295 Mixing a single-site acting fungicide with a multi-site acting fungicide delayed the

296 tant strain will already have emerged when a fungicide with a new mode of action is introduced.

297 re a single mutation, affecting binding of a fungicide with the target protein, shifts the sensitivit

298 ructural and functional implications of five fungicides with different modes of action (azoxystrobin,

299 We further show that ideal fungicides with high levels of effectiveness, low rates

300 In particular, we found that fungicides with particular modes of action increased dis

301 rovides sufficient protection for the tested fungicides, with the exception of tebuconazole and the m

302 farm work, agricultural use of Mn-containing fungicides within 3 km of the residence, residence built