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1 sification of land plants, predominantly via gene duplication.
2 nsion glaucoma in human patients with a TBK1 gene duplication.
3 f genes rather than the canonical process of gene duplication.
4  (RdRP) that probably emerged as a result of gene duplication.
5 wed evidence for sequence adaptation through gene duplication.
6 Rab binding sites that must have evolved via gene duplication.
7 ralleled by expansion of this family through gene duplication.
8 gleton genes, and the evolutionary impact of gene duplication.
9 of genes out of a gene block, gene loss, and gene duplication.
10 espite retention for millions of years after gene duplication.
11 ctionalized genes via whole-genome or tandem gene duplication.
12 A viruses to acquire drug resistance through gene duplication.
13 eo- and subfunctionalization in evolution by gene duplication.
14 ly contribute to functional divergence after gene duplication.
15 cally improving the efficacy of evolution by gene duplication.
16 lost along the lineage leading to SWI5 after gene duplication.
17  evolutionary events, such as speciation and gene duplication.
18 ing modular connections that are reshaped by gene duplication.
19 onditions found in freshwater often involves gene duplication.
20 clear how other paralogs impact or constrain gene duplication.
21 in expression properties than shifts without gene duplication.
22  stage in TIMP evolution preceding the third gene duplication.
23 tion tolerance in land plants through tandem gene duplication.
24  which possibly originate due to prokaryotic gene duplication.
25 on plants convergent through repeated tandem gene duplication.
26  two vertebrate lineages, after arising from gene duplication.
27 e distributions and phylogenetic analyses of gene duplications.
28 ly reconstruct the frequency and location of gene duplications.
29 idence for dN/dS (omega) variation following gene duplications.
30 id genome, specifically the impact of single gene duplications.
31 embers of a pedigree with NTG caused by TBK1 gene duplications.
32  ignores evidence that LEAFY evolves through gene duplications.
33 course in a family of NTG patients with TBK1 gene duplications.
34 ient endosymbiotic gene transfers (EGTs) and gene duplications.
35 omprehensive landscape of different modes of gene duplication across the plant kingdom by comparing 1
36 h wheat-specific inter- and intrachromosomal gene duplication activities that are potential sources o
37                 Horizontal gene transfer and gene duplication allowed the stepwise acquisition of vir
38 hat the msp2 pseudogene repertoire arose via gene duplication, allowing structural variation to occur
39 ructure divergence between paralogs, but not gene duplication alone, leads to a significant reduction
40 ntified in vertebrates, which originate from gene duplication, alternative splicing or post-translati
41 that the kinetoplastids pathways evolved via gene duplication and acquisition of an FMN-binding domai
42 d family of four nonredundant PEAMTs through gene duplication and alternate use of the NMT2 promoter.
43                                              Gene duplication and alternative splicing are important
44             Despite research indicating that gene duplication and alternative splicing are negatively
45 arding the evolutionary relationship between gene duplication and alternative splicing, two processes
46 d as such highlight the relationship between gene duplication and alternative splicing.
47 stigate whether the intrinsic instability of gene duplication and amplification provides a generic al
48                                              Gene duplication and cis-regulatory divergence created t
49                                              Gene duplication and convergent evolution within a genom
50 igaea genome showed a pattern of substantial gene duplication and differential evolution of gene fami
51 These results provide an illustration of how gene duplication and divergence can generate potential f
52 lomeres 1 (POT1) proteins that was fueled by gene duplication and divergence events that occurred ind
53 ns with novel functions arise primarily from gene duplication and divergence events.
54                                              Gene duplication and divergence is a major driver in the
55 ave undergone subfunctionalization following gene duplication and divergence of maize, sorghum, and r
56 over the last 100 million years that include gene duplication and divergence, gene loss, evolution of
57 ct homodimeric ancestor through a process of gene duplication and diversification; however molecular
58 ecture guides substrate specificity and that gene duplication and domain shuffling have resulted in d
59     This relationship most likely evolved by gene duplication and functional divergence (i.e. neofunc
60 ge-specific metabolites through biosynthetic gene duplication and functional specialization.
61                                          The gene duplication and fusion event that produced the mode
62 tonate tautomerase-like ancestor followed by gene duplication and fusion.
63 models for eukaryotic species allow for only gene duplication and gene loss or only multispecies coal
64 ent resulting from horizontal gene transfer, gene duplication and gene loss.
65 (codon usage optimality and gene expression, gene duplication and genetic dispensability, stem cell d
66                                    Thus, the gene duplication and heteropolymerization of chloroplast
67 hat subsequently increased in complexity via gene duplication and horizontal gene transfer.
68 l complexes of two types of subunits through gene duplication and integration of SEPALLATA proteins j
69                  These results indicate that gene duplication and intragenic deletion played essentia
70 ortunity to functionally test the outcome of gene duplication and its link to plant salt tolerance.
71     Additionally, Scaptomyza has experienced gene duplication and likely positive selection in paralo
72 ion methods consider discordance only due to gene duplication and loss (and sometimes horizontal gene
73 l research but can be challenging because of gene duplication and loss (GDL), which results in genes
74 e the impact of lateral gene transfer (LGT), gene duplication and loss across thaumarchaeotal evoluti
75                                              Gene duplication and loss are important processes in the
76                                              Gene duplication and loss are major sources of genetic p
77      Thus, regulatory evolution coupled with gene duplication and loss generated leaf shape diversity
78      Our study revealed high rates of CYP76C gene duplication and loss in Brassicaceae, suggesting th
79  used by CLPs, particularly into the role of gene duplication and neofunctionalisation in lifecycle e
80 r plants, pushing the date of the underlying gene duplication and neofunctionalization of the ancestr
81 nthesis of 3UFA SPCs in M. sexta lineage via gene duplication and neofunctionalization, whereas MsexD
82 ve been recruited from the sterol pathway by gene duplication and neofunctionalization.
83 e acetyltransferase complexes originate from gene duplication and paralog specification.
84 e is a peripheral neuropathy associated with gene duplication and point mutations in the peripheral m
85 enes were derived primarily from small-scale gene duplication and preserved in plant genomes and to d
86 sitive selection and expansion via segmental gene duplication and recombination.
87                   Our results illustrate how gene duplication and sub-functionalization shape the wor
88 porters has provided support for the role of gene duplication and subsequent changes in gene expressi
89                           This suggests that gene duplication and subsequent diversification of funct
90 within existing gene families as a result of gene duplication and subsequent diversification.
91 g processes (e.g. horizontal gene transfers, gene duplication and subsequent neofunctionalization) wi
92  mainly caused by the eudicot-shared ancient gene duplication and subsequent species-specific segment
93 ds of photoreceptors and help to explain how gene duplication and the formation of rod-specific prote
94 recruitment of housekeeping proteins through gene duplication and their further neofunctionalization.
95 s via sequence evolution processes involving gene duplication and translocation.
96 O evolved in the Brassicaceae family through gene duplication and was lost in A. thaliana, contributi
97  of genome organization that implicate local gene duplication and, to a lesser extent, single gene tr
98 that has expanded partly via multiple tandem gene duplications and also probably transpositions.
99  mutations in Escherichia coli, we show that gene duplications and amplifications enable adaptation t
100                                  While whole gene duplications and deletions are relatively well-stud
101 al brain disorders have been associated with gene duplications and deletions that serve to increase o
102 parative analysis reveals that high rates of gene duplications and functional diversifications might
103 lt of multiple evolutionary events including gene duplications and horizontal gene transfers.
104 ation genomics have focused predominantly on gene duplications and large-effect inversions.
105 fficiently models horizontal gene transfers, gene duplications and losses, and uses a statistical hyp
106 t mechanism underlying PMP22-RAI1 contiguous gene duplications and provides further evidence supporti
107 frequent errors in recombination and lead to gene duplications and structural chromosome changes that
108 s, the p200 cluster, which arose by repeated gene duplications and which encodes a large family of hi
109 NF genes resulted largely from less frequent gene duplications and/or a higher rate of gene loss afte
110 ination of genetic novelties such as de novo genes, duplications and mutations.
111 contain highly related paralogs generated by gene duplication, and functional divergence is generally
112 ion is an RNA-mediated mechanism to generate gene duplication, and is believed to play an important r
113        Here, we compared evolutionary rates, gene duplication, and selective patterns of genes involv
114 nges in chromatin architecture, methylation, gene duplications, and expression dynamics related to de
115 tensive homologous recombination, gene loss, gene duplications, and horizontal gene transfer.
116 oids and macaque cortex, enriched for recent gene duplications, and including multiple regulators of
117 ologous genes, the formation of new genes by gene duplications, and the recruitment of genes from div
118 res of mitochondrial tRNAs in thrips include gene duplications, anticodon mutations, loss of secondar
119 ing sequence changes, expression changes, or gene duplication are not clear.
120 in cis-regulatory elements in the context of gene duplication are not well studied in plants.
121 e essentiality, developmental expression and gene duplication are thus closely linked.
122                                              Gene duplications are a major source of evolutionary inn
123                                              Gene duplications are a major source of raw material for
124                                              Gene duplications are an important factor in plant evolu
125         It has been believed that the RNASE1 gene duplications are correlated with the plant-feeding
126 osophila, theoretical models that posit that gene duplications are immediately beneficial and fixed b
127 n target, by increased gene expression or by gene duplication, are an important, albeit less common,
128 oNEET (CISD1) and NAF-1 (CISD2), emerged via gene duplication around the origin of vertebrates.
129 s, and highlights the putative importance of gene duplications as an evolutionary mechanism in dinofl
130 uantify whole genome duplications and single gene duplications as sources of TF family expansions, im
131                         SmTK is derived from gene duplication, as are all known trematode TKs.
132 to identify patterns of genome evolution and gene duplication associated with desiccation tolerance.
133                               Allelic TPSAB1 gene duplication associated with higher basal mast cell
134  an ancestral 3-ketosteroid receptor through gene duplication at the time when myelin appeared in jaw
135  natural selection promoting serine protease gene duplication, augmenting their innate host defense f
136  work illustrates how retrotransposition and gene duplication can favour the emergence of novel metab
137 Thus, this study demonstrates that transient gene duplication can occur during RA, causing increased
138  underscore how mechanisms other than tandem gene duplication can result in paralogous gene clusterin
139                                     Specific gene duplications can enable double-stranded DNA viruses
140                                              Gene duplications can facilitate adaptation and may lead
141          We have previously shown that LMNB1 gene duplications cause autosomal dominant leukodystroph
142                                        After gene duplication, changes in subcellular localization re
143 dergone massive small-scale interchromosomal gene duplications compared to other grasses.
144 h show no patterns of enrichment, suggesting gene duplications contributed to domestication traits.
145 hematical phylogenetics, we demonstrate that gene duplications convey meaningful phylogenetic informa
146    Long-standing debates on the evolution of gene duplications could be settled by determining the re
147 a repeated alpha-helical core, indicative of gene duplication despite lack of sequence similarity bet
148 ll, our results suggest that LGT followed by gene duplication drives Nitrososphaerales evolution, hig
149 land types were not necessarily coupled with gene duplication, even though silk-specific genes belong
150 These domains are very similar, suggesting a gene duplication event during evolution.
151  over 550 million years ago as a result of a gene duplication event followed by loss of Cu(+) transpo
152                     Our findings show that a gene duplication event permitted the functional speciali
153 rgeted sHsps that have emerged from a recent gene duplication event resulting from the ongoing divers
154 s and probably evolved independently after a gene duplication event that occurred early in vertebrate
155                            Here, we report a gene duplication event that yielded another outcome--the
156  copy was successfully recruited as HSS, the gene duplication event was followed by phases of various
157 r CCHFV glycoprotein that is suggestive of a gene duplication event.
158 ural glycoprotein in CCHFV), suggestive of a gene duplication event.
159                                              Gene duplication events exert key functions on gene inno
160 efore likely to be as important as ancestral gene duplication events for generating compositionally d
161 ted the important role of local, small-scale gene duplication events in the evolution of metabolic pa
162                             Four independent gene duplication events in the families of superfamily M
163                                              Gene duplication events may lead to the emergence of nov
164 erozygous or homozygous mutations as well as gene duplication events of AT-1/SLC33A1, has been linked
165                    In this context, repeated gene duplication events within the DODA gene lineage giv
166                                              Gene duplication events within the species resulted in t
167 ic genomes has been propelled by a series of gene duplication events, leading to an expansion in new
168 c inference of orthologs, rooted gene trees, gene duplication events, the rooted species tree, and co
169 hout plant evolution; but various genome and gene duplication events, which occurred during plant evo
170  and the DODA gene lineage exhibits numerous gene duplication events, whose evolutionary significance
171 ransfer events in addition to speciation and gene duplication events.
172 a, beta and gamma, which originated from two gene duplication events.
173          The proportions of the CsDof family genes, duplication events, chromosomal locations, cis-el
174 including physically clustered genes, tandem gene duplication, expression sub-functionalization, and
175  evolution of novel gene function is through gene duplication followed by evolution of a new function
176 n, mouse, and zebrafish, we demonstrate that gene duplication followed by exon structure divergence b
177       By studying teleost fish, we find that gene duplication followed by exon structure divergence b
178  are often lineage-specific and derived from gene duplication followed by functional divergence.
179  have drifted from their symmetric roots via gene duplication followed by mutations.
180 82D2 might have evolved from SbCYP82D1.1 via gene duplication followed by neofunctionalization, where
181 V)1 and Ca(V)2 channels emerged via proposed gene duplication from an ancestral Ca(V)1/2 type channel
182 s originated through a number of independent gene duplications from an ancestral metazoan selenoprote
183 nd ensuing prevalence has been attributed to gene duplications, fusion events, and subsequent evoluti
184                                              Gene duplications generate new genes that can acquire si
185            This finding suggests that recent gene duplication has been central to the evolution of pe
186                                              Gene duplication has been considered to increase genetic
187 hallenges the currently prevailing view that gene duplication has played a major role in the emergenc
188 pressin from a single ancestor peptide after gene duplication has stimulated the development of the v
189 nes to support pheromone perception and that gene duplications have played an important role in the m
190              We propose that UV and LW opsin gene duplications have restored the potential for trichr
191                This model uses evidence from gene duplications, horizontal transfers, and gene losses
192                               Human-specific gene duplications (HSGDs) have recently emerged as key m
193 e, the general validity of the adaptation by gene duplication hypothesis remains uncertain.
194  to investigate evolutionary consequences of gene duplication in a range of taxa, and unravel common
195 ighlights an interesting example of a tandem gene duplication in Arabidopsis, helps to explain the ra
196                   We reveal a major role for gene duplication in driving genome expansion subsequent
197  tRNA(Gln) for protein synthesis, evolved by gene duplication in early eukaryotes from a nondiscrimin
198 sue-specific gene expression and the role of gene duplication in functional novelty, but its potentia
199 tantly related species and the importance of gene duplication in generating novel H3K27me3 profiles.
200 tudies confirm the pathogenicity of the TBK1 gene duplication in human glaucoma and suggest that exce
201 g proteins, which have arisen from extensive gene duplication in M. xanthus and related species.
202 lts provide genomic evidence for the role of gene duplication in organismal adaptation and are import
203 DupGen_finder to identify different modes of gene duplication in plants.
204 nique opportunity to disentangle the role of gene duplication in the evolution of social systems.
205                                 Third, local gene duplication in the pericentromeric region is reduce
206 e families are derived from lineage-specific gene duplications in all three clades, suggesting diverg
207            We find that successive rounds of gene duplications in legumes have shaped tissue and deve
208 ent role of transcription factors and tandem gene duplications in morphological evolution.
209 pathway, with neofunctionalization following gene duplications in the CYP76AD1 and DODA lineages.
210                        We found an excess of gene duplications in the East African lineage compared t
211 levant to explain the long-term evolution of gene duplications in this species.
212                Gene co-option, usually after gene duplication, in the evolution of development is fou
213 eview, we survey the current knowledge about gene duplication, including gene duplication mechanisms,
214 es have been shaped by extensive large-scale gene duplications, including an approximately 58 million
215 amework also reveals that different modes of gene duplication influence the extent to which paralogou
216 Alu elements in intron 15; producing partial gene duplications, inversions and translocations, and te
217                                              Gene duplication is a common and powerful mechanism by w
218                                              Gene duplication is a fundamental process in genome evol
219                                              Gene duplication is a major evolutionary force driving a
220                                              Gene duplication is a primary means to generate genomic
221                                              Gene duplication is a prominent and recurrent process in
222                                              Gene duplication is an important evolutionary mechanism
223                                              Gene duplication is an important mechanism for adding to
224                                       Tandem gene duplication is an important mutational process in e
225                                 Evolution by gene duplication is generally accepted as one of the cru
226                                              Gene duplication is widely believed to facilitate adapta
227 ic material through various means, including gene duplication, lateral gene transfer from bacteria th
228 sfers from prokaryotes and that expansion by gene duplication led to the functional diversification o
229 s that are associated with massive segmental gene duplications, likely facilitating neofunctionalizat
230  pipeline can model gene sequence evolution, gene duplication-loss, gene transfer and multispecies co
231  that exon structure evolution subsequent to gene duplication may be a common substitute for alternat
232 a reveal that subfunctionalization following gene duplication may be important in the maintenance and
233 One manner in which alternative splicing and gene duplication may be related is through the process o
234 ults suggest that the initial event of EPSPS gene duplication may have occurred because of unequal re
235                                     Although gene duplication may increase the fitness of the involve
236                                              Gene duplication may provide a way for poxviruses and ot
237 e also provide correlative evidence that AMY gene duplications may be an essential first step for amy
238  knowledge about gene duplication, including gene duplication mechanisms, the potential fates of dupl
239                   In contrast to the classic gene duplication model, we find that a common mode of ac
240 tion and protect axons in patients with PLP1 gene duplication mutation and further, provide proof of
241 of KNOX-interacting BELL proteins, in that a gene duplication occurred after divergence of the two gr
242 lutionary rate, depending on whether and how gene duplication occurred.
243 ss a single phytochrome, whereas independent gene duplications occurred within mosses, lycopods, fern
244 g the evolution of multicellular eukaryotes, gene duplication occurs frequently to generate new genes
245                        Here we present how a gene duplication of a periplasmic binding protein in a m
246 older cells by qPCR indicates that transient gene duplication of CDR1 and ERG11 causes the observed a
247   Eci3 specifically evolved in rodents after gene duplication of Eci2.
248 rigolactone recognition can evolve following gene duplication of KAI2.
249 yltransferase that is the result of a recent gene duplication of PRDM9.
250       Its paralogs, which arose from ancient gene duplications of RAD51, have evolved to regulate and
251     To gain insight into the consequences of gene duplications on the expansion and diversification o
252 results highlight the major impact of single gene duplications on the wheat gene complement and confi
253 ant structural similarities as a result of a gene duplication or alternative splicing.
254 se novel biosynthetic pathways originate via gene duplication or by functional divergence of existing
255 cations, segmental duplications, independent gene duplications or losses, diploidization and rearrang
256 al processes, such as rapid diversification, gene duplication, or reticulate evolution.
257 S) gene, with minor contributions from EPSPS gene duplication/overexpression.
258                                We argue that gene duplication placed old, cold genes and communities
259                                              Gene duplications play a key role in the emergence of no
260                                 We find that gene duplications played a major role in shaping the kin
261                                              Gene duplication plays an important role in the origin o
262 ich Rcr3 and Pip1 diverged functionally upon gene duplication, possibly driven by an arms race with p
263  last common ancestor of Bilateria, numerous gene duplications produced the heterophilic Dprs and DIP
264 hile evolutionary intermediates are lacking, gene duplications provide information on the order of ev
265                        A new study shows how gene duplication provides a potential source of antagoni
266  Consistent with functional divergence after gene duplication, recent studies have shown accelerated
267 analysis unravels lineage-specific bursts of gene duplications related to the emergence of specialize
268                  Expression shifts following gene duplication result in more drastic changes in expre
269                                 We find that gene duplications roughly doubled the proto-eukaryotic g
270               Further analyses revealed that gene duplications, segmental duplication, gene amplifica
271 imately half of the roughly 500 new complete gene duplications segregating in the GDL lead to signifi
272  phylogenetic analysis, chromosome location, gene duplication status, gene structure and conserved mo
273 g a suicide vector (which does not result in gene duplication) still results in growth and developmen
274       A distinct disorder results from MECP2 gene duplication, suggesting that therapeutic approaches
275 hat IRE1 is amplified at mucosal surfaces by gene duplication suggests an important role for IRE1 in
276 high oxygen affinity that existed before the gene duplication that generated distinct alpha- and beta
277 perates in tomato, facilitated by an ancient gene duplication that impacted the domestication of frui
278  the positive selection of the ancient PAPhy gene duplication that lead to the creation of the PAPhy_
279 efects associated with TBX1 deletion and the gene duplication that leads to 22q11.2DS.
280 ese genes are derived from an ancient tandem gene duplication that likely predates the radiation of t
281  However, we also found that six of the nine gene duplications that are fixed or close to fixation in
282                Relocation was accompanied by gene duplications that occurred in most starch-related g
283 rift treatment takes into account that after gene duplication the prevailing case upon which selectio
284 non-syntenic genes and a high rate of tandem gene duplications, the latter of which have given rise t
285 ellular localizations, we propose that after gene duplication there will be partitioning of the alter
286   This indicates that, after arising through gene duplication, they have evolved to enable partly dif
287 ariation of the cell cycle durations and the gene duplication time.
288                                          For gene duplication to be maintained, particularly in the s
289                              Cdc42 underwent gene duplication to produce two related proteins-RhoQ an
290 r evolution of transcription factors without gene duplication, using LEAFY as an archetype.
291                   One extra dose of the TBK1 gene (duplication) was detected in 3 normal-tension glau
292  understanding of an ancient human U1A/U2B'' gene duplication, we show that the last common ancestor
293 rom two CMT1A pedigrees with confirmed PMP22 gene duplication were studied.
294 h sequence changes of the effector genes and gene duplication, whereas human-mediated changes through
295                        This implies that the gene duplication which gave rise to these paralogs occur
296                           Unlike small-scale gene duplications, whole-genome duplications (WGDs) copy
297  understanding the mechanisms and impacts of gene duplication will be important to future studies of
298 se evolutionary constraint has relaxed after gene duplication with a likelihood-ratio test that can a
299 /7 in shaping leaf diversity and link tandem gene duplication with differential gene expression in th
300                                     Instead, gene duplication with divergence of one paralog and weak

 
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