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1 symmetrically localized cytoplasmic factors (germ plasm).
2 rrows, where they form part of the zebrafish germ plasm.
3 animal pole, where they are recruited to the germ plasm.
4 te the compartmentalization of the zebrafish germ plasm.
5 de alone, from a diverse collection of Pisum germ plasm.
6 a distinct cytoplasmic structure called the germ plasm.
7 in particles, with the posteriorly localized germ plasm.
8 red through the inheritance of any preformed germ plasm.
9 cessary for association of nos mRNA with the germ plasm.
10 os, the RNA was localized exclusively in the germ plasm.
11 ntified a localized RNA component of Xenopus germ plasm.
12 ng that it is likely to be controlled by the germ plasm.
13 ncoded by oskar, which are components of the germ plasm.
14 they form in a unique cytoplasm, termed the germ plasm.
15 o, it is found in a pattern identical to the germ plasm.
16 scribe a second condensate in the C. elegans germ plasm.
17 chinery and is mediated by the remodeling of germ plasm.
18 to induce inappropriate transmission of the germ plasm.
19 the hypothesis of liberated constraint under germ plasm.
20 rom these mobile elements accumulated in the germ plasm.
21 es evolve more rapidly in species containing germ plasm.
22 nhanced evolvability drives the evolution of germ plasm.
23 germline using specialized cytoplasm called germ plasm.
24 ogenesis and results in amplification of the germ plasm.
25 r, where Oskar initiates the assembly of the germ plasm.
26 germ line depend on determinants within the germ plasm.
27 pus are specified through the inheritance of germ plasm.
28 f P granules, RNA granules in the C. elegans germ plasm.
29 rived media, and in roots of cold-acclimated germ plasms.
30 least two types of RNP granules populate the germ plasm, a cytoplasmic domain at the posterior of the
31 own example in Xenopus is the aggregation of germ plasm, a group of cytoplasmic islands that become d
32 e classes of retrotransposons migrate to the germ plasm, a specialized region of the oocyte that pref
33 the meiotic spindle, and is localized to the germ plasm--a cytoplasmic determinant of germ cell forma
34 cess translation of these transcripts in the germ plasm, accumulation of excess germ plasm, and buddi
36 A by components of the posteriorly localized germ plasm activates its translation by preventing inter
37 late phase of oskar localization shows that germ plasm amplification ensures robust abdomen and germ
38 z is required for spatial restriction of the germ plasm and axis patterning, and we uncover multiple
41 that could explain the repeated evolution of germ plasm and propose potential consequences of the inh
42 ts in the germ plasm, accumulation of excess germ plasm, and budding of excess primordial germ cells
43 germ granule RNPs, which house mRNAs in the germ plasm, and interactions between Aub and Tudor are e
44 , an estimated 200 mRNAs are enriched in the germ plasm, and some of these have important, often cons
45 cupy overlapping yet distinct regions of the germ plasm, and this arrangement is maintained during th
48 at the limiting steps in the assembly of the germ plasm are localization of the OSK RNA and regulated
49 ns, components of the Caenorhabditis elegans germ plasm, are targeted for degradation by the novel CC
51 e plus-end enrichment is sufficient to drive germ plasm assembly even at a distance from the oocyte c
53 s have been shown to be essential for proper germ plasm assembly in Drosophila melanogaster embryos.
55 s have been elucidated, the process by which germ plasm assembly is restricted to the posterior pole
56 is likely independent of the Osk-Vas-Tud-Aub germ plasm assembly pathway although its proper enrichme
58 ocalized within the posterior pole plasm for germ-plasm assembly and Caenorhabditis elegans mago is a
59 he first report of vegetal enrichment of the germ plasm associated protein DDX4/VASA in Xenopus embyo
60 anelles, we studied the origin of oocyte and germ plasm-associated mitochondria during Drosophila oog
61 , are also inherited by vegetal cells, while germ plasm-associated mRNAs, such as Xcat2, become incor
64 dial germ-cell formation are enriched in the germ plasm at late oogenesis via a diffusion and entrapm
65 dent anchoring of nanos RNA complexed to the germ plasm at the posterior maintains localization in th
66 e translation of nanos mRNA localized to the germ plasm at the posterior of the embryo, together with
68 of the oocyte, including those used to form germ plasm, because the oocyte ring canals specifically
69 lso required for posterior enrichment of the germ plasm before the first cleavage, and degradation of
70 the concentration of certain transcripts in germ plasm but is not essential to regulate mRNA transla
71 ote, MAGOH mRNA expression is not limited to germ plasm, but is expressed ubiquitously in adult tissu
72 , whereby Tahre retroelements traffic to the germ plasm by mimicking oskar RNAs and engaging the Stau
73 rized model organisms, but most animals lack germ plasm by morphological and functional criteria.
74 ne pathway, specialized for the transport of germ plasm by way of the mitochondrial cloud, occurs ear
75 Here, we report that Germ cell-less (GCL), a germ plasm component necessary for the proper formation
77 14a protein, whose RNA is a newly identified germ plasm component, regulates the temporal relations b
79 cells and the demonstration that homologs of germ plasm components are conserved in mammals, have she
80 These results suggest that, in axolotls, germ plasm components are insufficient to specify germ c
82 sms governing the localization of individual germ plasm components have been elucidated, the process
83 efore the first cleavage, and degradation of germ plasm components in anterior cells after cleavage.
85 rnal-effect germline defective) proteins are germ plasm components that are required redundantly for
86 is critical not only for the localization of germ plasm components to the posterior of the oocyte but
88 We show that aggregates of a first class of germ plasm components, which include dead end, nanos1, a
90 as been hypothesized that the acquisition of germ plasm confers enhanced evolvability, resulting from
91 s, and resulting in high speciation rates in germ plasm-containing lineages (denoted herein as the "P
92 asm during PGC migration is regulated by the germ plasm determinant Tdrd7 and is coupled to dramatic
96 restricted Nanos expression in the posterior germ plasm during oogenesis and early embryogenesis.
98 Disaggregated perinuclear relocalization of germ plasm during PGC migration is regulated by the germ
99 ome coordinated release and sequestration of germ plasm during the precocious cellularization of PGCs
100 rent RNAs within the various compartments of germ plasm during Xenopus oogenesis and development by u
105 dent processes must occur to form germ cells-germ-plasm formation and nuclear division/migration.
107 homologous to Xdazl, a component of Xenopus germ plasm found in the vegetal pole of oocytes and eggs
108 ompanying posterior nuclei induce release of germ plasm from the cortex and recruit these components
112 pression, RNA degradation, and activation by germ plasm has also been implicated in the regulation of
113 ng vertebrates, epigenesis is basal, whereas germ plasm has evolved convergently across lineages and
115 e germ cell determination in urodeles, where germ plasm has never been conclusively identified, we cl
116 specific RNA/protein complexes that contain germ plasm homologs, beginning in the earliest stages of
118 n, Xklp1, is required for the aggregation of germ plasm in early Xenopus embryos, thus assigning this
119 latory pathway that attenuates the amount of germ plasm in embryos to modulate the number of PGCs.
120 to be related to the dynamic behavior of the germ plasm in Nasonia, as well as to the maternal provis
121 s respond to regulatory information from the germ plasm in two distinct phases using two distinct mec
125 st that Gryllus lacks a maternally inherited germ plasm, in contrast with many holometabolous insects
128 in germ plasm inheritance, such that higher germ plasm inheritance correlates with higher primordial
129 rocess linked to quantitative differences in germ plasm inheritance, such that higher germ plasm inhe
130 irst four cell cycles in Xenopus, islands of germ plasm, initially distributed throughout the vegetal
132 ssible to incorporate these traits from wild germ plasm into cultivated crop plants by independent se
133 e transport events prevents incorporation of germ plasm into pole cells and impairs germ cell develop
138 lts suggest that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, germ plasm is also prevented from accumulating in somati
140 s contain specific mechanisms to ensure that germ plasm is endowed with highly functional organelles.
141 ur results indicate that active transport of germ plasm is essential for its inheritance and ensures
142 inally, we show that Me31B's localization in germ plasm is likely independent of the Osk-Vas-Tud-Aub
143 tion to harboring germline determinants, the germ plasm is required for localization and translation
149 , a hypothesis was set forth purporting that germ plasm liberates selective constraint and accelerate
150 cells) are specified by maternally supplied germ plasm localized to the posterior pole of the egg.
152 uencing technology and the rich diversity of germ plasm manipulated for over a century by plant breed
153 Me31B likely colocalizes and interacts with germ plasm marker Vas in the ovaries and early embryo ge
155 athway although its proper enrichment in the germ plasm may still rely on certain conserved germ plas
156 rly germ cell populations is the assembly of germ plasm, microscopically distinct egg cytoplasm that
158 , the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, conserved germ plasm molecules are ubiquitously, rather than asymm
160 mRNAs, reveals new regulatory mechanisms for germ plasm mRNAs that may be applicable to other mRNA gr
161 , into an array of plants, generating unique germ plasms not achievable by conventional breeding.
162 Specification through maternally inherited germ plasm occurs in many well-characterized model organ
163 the Smaug (SMG) RBP is transported into the germ plasm of the early embryo where it accumulates in t
168 tes to the 'mitochondrial cloud', from which germ plasm originates, and in later oocytes to the veget
172 RNA-binding protein Rumpelstiltskin and the germ plasm protein Oskar, which are required for diffusi
173 ly organized within the granule whereas core germ plasm proteins are distributed evenly throughout th
175 nd cytoskeleton/motor proteins, but the core germ plasm proteins Vas, Tud, and Aub were significantly
179 hat Wun2 is used as a readout of the overall germ plasm quantity, such that only PGCs with the highes
182 ynamic process involving active transport of germ plasm RNA-protein complexes coordinated with nuclea
183 , nanos mRNA and Vasa protein, revealed that germ plasm segregation is a dynamic process involving ac
184 a maternal component of the polar granule, a germ-plasm-specific organelle essential for germline spe
185 include genes involved in anterior/posterior/germ plasm specification (bcd, exu, swa, osk, nos, aub,
188 Using maize genotypes derived from Antiquan germ plasm that are resistant to Lepidoptera, we have de
189 nding protein (RBP) determines the amount of germ plasm that assembles at the posterior pole of the o
190 rimordial germ cells (PGCs) are specified by germ plasm that is inherited from the egg; in mice, Blim
191 el organisms contain germ cell determinants (germ plasm) that segregate to germ cell precursors.
192 sm whereby germ cells are specified by using germ plasm-that is, maternally specified germ-line deter
193 vel protein is itself a major constituent of germ plasm throughout oogenesis and early development, a
194 transport on astral microtubules partitions germ plasm to daughter nuclei, leading to its segregatio
195 tein Aubergine (Aub), are transmitted to the germ plasm to initiate transposon silencing in the offsp
199 segregation of a specialized cytoplasm, or 'germ plasm', to a small number of germline precursor cel
200 and Torso ensures the controlled release of germ-plasm underlying the germline/soma distinction.
201 ny species, germ cells form in a specialized germ plasm, which contains localized maternal RNAs.
202 a through the inheritance of the specialized germ plasm, which contains mRNAs and proteins that speci
204 The germ cell lineage is specified by the germ plasm, which in Xenopus laevis contains putative de