ライフサイエンスコーパス: germinal center

1 T follicular helper (T(FH)) activity within germinal center.

2 et that most resembles preT(FH)/T(FH) in the germinal center.

3 e fraction of the Tfh cell repertoire in the germinal center.

4 FH) cells to form T(FH):B cell conjugates in germinal centers.

5 or light zone gene signatures as observed in germinal centers.

6 s promotes affinity maturation by B cells in germinal centers.

7 dominant B cell type that populate secondary germinal centers.

8 her lipid species preferentially enriched in germinal centers.

9 ular dendritic cells network, and functional germinal centers.

10 affinities across the antibody population in germinal centers.

11 oreactive B cells also differentiate outside germinal centers(2).

12 We define the half-lives of antigen-specific germinal centers (23.3 days), IgE(+) and IgG1(+) PCs (60

13 hemagglutinin (HA)-specific B cells arose in germinal centers, acquired memory B cell markers, and pe

14 i fusion proteins have higher frequencies of germinal center-activated B cells and CD4bs-directed mem

15 ic antibodies, the B cell-response axis from germinal center activation to plasma cell differentiatio

16 e checkpoints during vaccination can promote germinal center activity and enhance HIV-1 Env antibody

17 n, providing evidence for the persistence of germinal center activity long after the period of active

18 HCV-specific neutralizing antibodies and the germinal center activity.CONCLUSIONWe identified a popul

19 arameters, thus providing new tools to study germinal center and Ab responses.

20 the development of plasmablasts derived from germinal center and extrafollicular sources, we hypothes

21 roles in regulating Tfr-cell activity in the germinal center and in the development of ST2(+) Treg ce

22 or metastable transcriptional reprogramming (germinal center and memory B cells).

23 romotes autoreactive B cell expansion in the germinal center and serum autoantibody production, even

24 -CoV-2 infection and observed the absence of germinal centers and a striking reduction in Bcl-6(+) ge

25 ne patient highlighted the small size of the germinal centers and an abnormally high plasma cell cont

26 by lymphocytes and organized localization of germinal centers and B-cell follicles.

27 e progression; we analyzed allergen-specific germinal centers and IgG1(+) memory B cells by flow cyto

28 alpha signaling on B cells was essential for germinal centers and in the effector phase of allergic r

29 T-bet from B cells impaired the formation of germinal centers and mitigated the development of kidney

30 4-Ig led to superior inhibition of Tfh cell, germinal center, and DSA responses in vivo and better co

31 duced upon B cell activation, entry into the germinal center, and plasmablast differentiation.

32 ulations in samples from individual animals, germinal centers, and epithelial tissues.

33 IgG antibodies were shown to be derived from germinal centers, and mice genetically deficient for ger

34 HL)) affinity BCRs were primed, recruited to germinal centers, and they affinity matured, and formed

35 ormulated in alum elicited greatly increased germinal center, antibody, neutralizing antibody, memory

36 h nodes of STAT3-HIES patients showed normal germinal center architecture and CD138(+) plasma cells r

37 , and disruption of the formation of ectopic germinal centers are considered the main therapeutic tar

38 rotein levels linearly dictated expansion of germinal center B (GCB) cells and isotype-switched plasm

39 d a differentiated efficacy profile in human germinal center B and activated B cell-DLBCL cell lines

40 blocking or OX40 agonist antibodies increase germinal center B and T follicular helper cells and plas

41 As a consequence, loss of Pdap1 reduces germinal center B cell formation and impairs CSR and SHM

42 ly higher follicular T helper cell (Tfh) and germinal center B cell frequencies than adults.

43 As expected, PE-specific germinal center B cell production required Tfh cells.

44 These CD8(+) Tfh cells regulate the germinal center B cell response and control autoantibody

45 licular helper (Tfh) cells are essential for germinal center B cell responses.

46 Germinal center B cells (GCBCs) are critical for generat

47 , with 4 discrete COO phases: early and late germinal center B cells (GCBs) and early and late activa

48 rs and function, which resulted in increased germinal center B cells and Ab production.

49 ing T follicular helper cells, and increases germinal center B cells and autoantibodies in mice aged

50 1 by XBP-1s can enhance viral replication in germinal center B cells and contribute to the pathogenes

51 orrelated with decreased MHCII expression in germinal center B cells and diffuse large B cell lymphom

52 iggered T cells reduce the numbers of target germinal center B cells and follicular dendritic cells,

53 associated with reductions in the numbers of germinal center B cells and follicular dendritic cells.

54 ith cdAMP/Nano-11 expanded the population of germinal center B cells and follicular helper T cells in

55 s as well as the generation of IgE-producing germinal center B cells and PCs subsequent to primary an

56 IgA response revealed an expansion of IgA(+) germinal center B cells and plasma cells in mesenteric l

57 Enpp1 (-/-) mice generated normal levels of germinal center B cells and plasmablasts in periphery, t

58 13 showed decreased numbers of Tfh cells and germinal center B cells and produced significantly fewer

59 dly lost their ability to differentiate into germinal center B cells and secrete donor-specific antib

60 Because germinal center B cells are thought to be the target of

61 centers and a striking reduction in Bcl-6(+) germinal center B cells but preservation of AID(+) B cel

62 t reduction in follicular helper T cells and germinal center B cells in these mice.

63 onse in combination with robust infection of germinal center B cells is thought to precipitate lympho

64 , which was isolated from lymph-node-derived germinal center B cells of an elite controller and exhib

65 mbers of IgA-secreting cells, while elevated germinal center B cells were found in the mesenteric lym

66 tolerance requires the control of bystander germinal center B cells with low or no affinity for the

67 ctly binds to B cells, especially light-zone germinal center B cells, as well as to T follicular help

68 protein response and expressed in developing germinal center B cells, can induce Kaposi's sarcoma-ass

69 loss and those up-regulated in Foxo1-deleted germinal center B cells, even though Foxo1 typically act

70 4(high) CD4 T cells as well as CD95(+)GL7(+) germinal center B cells, indicating that the long-term c

71 (BCL6), which is critical for development of germinal center B cells, is dependent on IRF8 and PU.1 i

72 g somatic hypermutation (SHM) of Ig genes in germinal center B cells, lesions introduced by activatio

73 eir results suggest that SFTSV-infected post-germinal center B cells, plasmablasts, and macrophages a

74 cal exposures to the allergen induced IgE(+) germinal center B cells, serum IgE, and likely activated

75 process generated allergen-specific IgG1(+) germinal center B cells, serum IgG1, and anaphylaxis tha

76 itionally delete Hdac3 to define its role in germinal center B cells, which represent the cell of ori

77 ) cell frequency, numbers, and generation of germinal center B cells.

78 t break formation in J(H) introns from mouse germinal center B cells.

79 lator of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and germinal center B cells.

80 sion and viral transduction of primary human germinal center B cells.

81 r lymphoma (FL) is an indolent malignancy of germinal center B cells.

82 e-encoded IgM autoantibody and hypermutating germinal center B cells.

83 eficient in establishing latent infection in germinal center B cells.

84 XBP-1s is also present in large amounts in germinal center B cells.

85 and PIK3IP1 is not appreciably expressed in germinal center B cells.

86 ntiation into plasmablasts at the expense of germinal center B cells.

87 Mice developed expanded germinal center B lymphocyte populations as in other mod

88 f ATR and WEE1 inhibitors in a subset of non-germinal center B-cell (GCB) diffuse large B-cell lympho

89 q25, whereas DLBCL, NOS was predominantly of germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype and carried gene mu

90 Pirfenidone dampened splenic germinal center B-cell and T-follicular helper cell freq

91 ed as activated B-cell DLBCL (ABC-DLBCL) and germinal center B-cell DLBCL (GCB-DLBCL), which has impl

92 expression signature that identifies 27% of germinal center B-cell DLBCLs (GCB-DLBCLs) as having a d

93 ysis to the 10% of DLBCL patients who have a germinal center B-cell phenotype and coexpress MYC and B

94 stimate that the initial transformation of a germinal center B-cell usually occurred during the first

95 the rate of DLBCL relapse was similar in the germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) (4.1% at 5 years) and

96 al Prognostic Index (IPI), and predominantly germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) subtype, whereas patie

97 tients, including 192 patients classified as germinal center B-cell-like (GCB)/non-GCB and MYC/BCL2 e

98 es in previously untreated patients with non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) diffuse large B-ce

99 14.1 months, and 51% of the patients had non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) DLBCL, 33% had tra

100 divided into 2 major molecular subtypes: the germinal center B-cell-like and the aggressive activated

101 owed no evidence of worse outcome than other germinal center B-cell-like cases.

102 patients (9%), with 75 in the cell-of-origin germinal center B-cell-like group.

103 onal repressor BCL6 enables tumorigenesis of germinal center B-cells, and hence BCL6 has been propose

104 In the germinal center, B cells undergo somatic hypermutation,

105 y characterized by a putative non-light zone germinal center cell of origin and a distinct mutational

106 follicular NKT cells triggers the seeding of germinal center cells and serves as an innate link betwe

107 generate short- and long-lived plasma cells, germinal center cells, and memory cells; and how each pa

108 ion of helper T cells (CD4+) with B cells in germinal centers, changes in the microenvironment, and t

109 iable Tfh defect was associated with reduced germinal centers, compromised Ig switch and low avidity

110 Absence of germinal centers correlated with an early specific block

111 emory B cells, while failing to re-enter the germinal center, create an affinity-restricted, diversif

112 (cHL) is a tumor composed of rare, atypical, germinal center-derived B cells (Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg

113 red in BL, or in genes frequently mutated in germinal center-derived B-cell lymphomas like KMT2D or C

114 ibitor and examined nascent transcription in germinal center-derived cell lines.

115 We propose that germinal center-derived IgG antibodies promote the size

116 , (2) with mice that had selectively ablated germinal center-derived IgG production, or (3) through i

117 n (CREBBP) and EP300 are commonly mutated in germinal-center-derived B cell lymphomas, and their inac

118 1 alterations were highly enriched among non-germinal center DLBCLs and exhibited robust PD-L1 protei

119 is study, we develop a mathematical model of germinal center dynamics and use it to predict the event

120 B-cell differentiation programs and impeding germinal center exit.

121 s cells at governing T follicular helper and germinal center formation after intradermal immunization

122 Cd19-Cre-Hdac3-/- mice showed impaired germinal center formation along with a defect in plasmab

123 3IP1 in the extrafollicular response because germinal center formation and affinity maturation were n

124 cells, but failed FRC proliferation impaired germinal center formation and antigen-specific antibody

125 d proteins in B cells that may contribute to germinal center formation and IgE switching in type 2 im

126 tion of Ampk by phenformin treatment impairs germinal center formation but does not significantly alt

127 centers, and mice genetically deficient for germinal center formation had strongly reduced atheroscl

128 ed T cell help, but proceed independently of germinal center formation via short-lived antibody-formi

129 rafollicular T-B cell collaboration and some germinal center formation, and production of Id(+) IgG.

130 d for optimal T(H)2 responses, Be2 function, germinal center formation, and T follicular helper cells

131 variants reduced T follicular helper cells, germinal center formation, immunoglobulin, and collagen

132 ecruitment of B cells and initiating ectopic germinal center formation.

133 ted roles in activating naive B cells and in germinal center formation.

134 anti-RABV antibodies via the facilitation of germinal center formation.

135 te immune cells, and suppressed follicle and germinal center formation.

136 ymus-independent Ags generally do not induce germinal center formation.

137 ent Ag induced increased B cell expansion in germinal centers from Duox1(-/-) mice relative to WT and

138 ophils infiltrated CXCL-8(+) DLBCL from both germinal center (GC) and non-GC subtypes.

139 Qa-1 deficiency enhanced CD4 TFH and germinal center (GC) B cell numbers in naive mice and ha

140 lls to limit naive and, to a greater extent, germinal center (GC) B cell numbers.

141 cells profoundly impaired the acquisition of germinal center (GC) B cell phenotype, plasma cell gener

142 While it is known that GHVs utilize host germinal center (GC) B cell responses during latency est

143 The mechanisms that regulate germinal center (GC) B cell responses in the spleen are

144 2 wk in the skin, correlating with increased germinal center (GC) B cell responses, a ~1,300-fold inc

145 Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells promote germinal center (GC) B cell survival and proliferation a

146 tly mutated in the activated B cell-like and germinal center (GC) B cell-like subtypes of diffuse lar

147 or M2.loxP MHV68 in mice that express Cre in germinal center (GC) B cells (AID-Cre).

148 ptor (BCR) and CD40 signaling are rewired in germinal center (GC) B cells (GCBCs) to optimize selecti

149 Antigen uptake and presentation by naive and germinal center (GC) B cells are different, with the for

150 Germinal center (GC) B cells at viral replication sites

151 However, it is mechanistically unclear how germinal center (GC) B cells differentiate into MBCs.

152 Germinal center (GC) B cells feature repression of many

153 cing analysis, we identified a population of germinal center (GC) B cells in the process of different

154 govern the differentiation of high-affinity germinal center (GC) B cells into memory B cells versus

155 hia muris infection in mice causes a loss of germinal center (GC) B cells that is accompanied by the

156 lly, FLs originate from highly proliferative germinal center (GC) B cells with proliferation strictly

157 oncentration of autoantibodies, frequency of germinal center (GC) B cells, and antigen-specific plasm

158 he relationship between these two enzymes in germinal center (GC) B cells, the normal counterpart of

159 ent Ag encounter, naive B cells develop into germinal center (GC) B cells, which can further differen

160 defects in the development of follicular and germinal center (GC) B cells.

161 highly proliferative neoplasms derived from germinal center (GC) B cells.

162 ell responses by inhibiting proliferation of germinal center (GC) B cells.

163 -based selection toward antigen in activated germinal center (GC) B cells.

164 ns of follicular helper T (T(fh)) cells with germinal center (GC) B cells.

165 Clearance of HIV-infected germinal center (GC) CD4(+) follicular helper T cells (T

166 Here, we show that among B cells, germinal center (GC) cells exhibited the highest rate of

167 dTomato(+)) ASC were most prevalent prior to germinal center (GC) formation, but total tdTomato(+) B

168 a B cell-specific coactivator essential for germinal center (GC) formation, forms a ternary complex

169 eletion of ATM in mice leads to reduction in germinal center (GC) frequency and size in response to i

170 on variable immunodeficiency (CVID) suggests germinal center (GC) hypoplasia, yet a subset of patient

171 High-affinity B cell selection in the germinal center (GC) is governed by signals delivered by

172 ular helper (T(FH)) cells are fundamental in germinal center (GC) maturation and selection of antigen

173 They are considered to originate from pre-germinal center (GC) naive B cells.

174 posed, including B cell immunodominance and germinal center (GC) quantity and quality.

175 The germinal center (GC) reaction begins with a diverse and

176 cGVHD is often driven by the germinal center (GC) reaction, in which T follicular hel

177 of highly specific Abs by B cells during the germinal center (GC) reaction.

178 cular helper T cells (Tfh) are essential for germinal center (GC) reactions in the lymph node that ge

179 ses but Tfh cells play critical roles during germinal center (GC) reactions.

180 Cs), cell types canonically generated during germinal center (GC) reactions.

181 revious evidence suggests that a homeostatic germinal center (GC) response may limit bortezomib desen

182 onstrated that the development of T(FH)s and germinal center (GC) response were crucially dependent o

183 timulation blockade (belatacept) to mitigate germinal center (GC) responses might increase efficacy a

184 Germinal center (GC) responses potentiate the generation

185 Germinal center (GC) responses require B cells to respon

186 Efficient generation of germinal center (GC) responses requires directed movemen

187 were found to regulate early, but not late, germinal center (GC) responses to control antigen-specif

188 n of TLR7-mediated Ab-forming cell (AFC) and germinal center (GC) responses, and SLE development has

189 articipate in either extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) responses.

190 Although the germinal center (GC) size and the number of GC B cells r

191 on is the elimination of viral reservoirs in germinal center (GC) T follicular helper (Tfh) cells.

192 tion factor (TF) BACH2 at the expense of the germinal center (GC) TF BCL6, leading to pre-memory tran

193 uppressor functions in IgE production in the germinal center (GC) that work together to facilitate th

194 the receptor HVEM, is frequently mutated in germinal center (GC)-derived B cell lymphomas.

195 most frequently mutated surface proteins in germinal center (GC)-derived B cell lymphomas.

196 riety of neoplasms, many of which arise from germinal center (GC)-experienced B cells.

197 e into pathogenic T helper (Th)-17 cells and germinal center (GC)-promoting T follicular helper (Tfh)

198 ptor NR4A1/Sp1 complex bound to the proximal germinal center (GC)-rich region of the PD-L1 gene promo

199 al resolution the dynamics of these cells in germinal centers (GC) and their cross-talk with B cells

200 immunity in mice, but its role in regulating germinal centers (GC) is controversial.

201 ls, provide requisite help to B cells in the germinal centers (GC) of lymphoid tissue.

202 Given that PCs derive from the germinal centers (GC), long-term dysregulated GC reactio

203 VRC01-class B cells successfully competed in germinal centers (GC), underwent extensive somatic hyper

204 ays and fine tunes affinity selection within germinal centers (GC).

205 ltransferase is required for B cells to form germinal centers (GC).

206 tion in LSCC culminating in the formation of germinal centers (GC).

207 HF enhanced the formation of germinal centers (GCs) and increased the production of t

208 vaccine strategies, occurs in B cells within germinal centers (GCs) and requires rate-limiting "help"

209 he role of affinity in B cell selection into germinal centers (GCs) and the memory B cell compartment

210 Germinal centers (GCs) are confined anatomic regions whe

211 Germinal centers (GCs) are sites at which B cells prolif

212 Germinal centers (GCs) are sites wherein B cells prolife

213 B cells in germinal centers (GCs) cycle between light zone (LZ) and

214 evalent in women and associates with ectopic germinal centers (GCs) development and inflammation in t

215 n murine models of lupus is the formation of germinal centers (GCs) in lymphoid tissues where self-re

216 per (Tfh) cells interact with B cells in the germinal centers (GCs) of lymph nodes to generate vaccin

217 molding new specificities through secondary germinal centers (GCs) or by selecting preexisting clone

218 Plasma cells (PCs) derived from germinal centers (GCs) secrete the high-affinity antibod

219 The follicular pathway gives rise to germinal centers (GCs) that can take weeks to fully deve

220 ntiate into extrafollicular PCs or mature in germinal centers (GCs) to produce high-affinity memory B

221 reting cells with high antigenic affinity in germinal centers (GCs) within secondary lymphoid organs.

222 on of costimulatory molecules and cytokines, germinal centers (GCs), and DSA formation in an RTx mode

223 Formation of germinal centers (GCs), and follicular B- and T-cell dif

224 Within germinal centers (GCs), complex and highly orchestrated

225 igens, mature B cells are stimulated to form germinal centers (GCs), the sites of B cell affinity mat

226 mutated MBCs is infrequent within secondary germinal centers (GCs), which instead consist predominan

227 nated by plasmablasts (PBs), with few-if any-germinal centers (GCs), yet it generates protective immu

228 re identified, but not in situ generation of germinal centers (GCs).

229 ng, it is generally considered a hallmark of germinal centers (GCs).

230 follicular helper (Tfh) cell development in germinal centers (GCs).

231 A virus infection-induced pulmonary ectopic germinal centers give rise to more broadly cross-reactiv

232 etition to complex antigens, particularly in germinal centers, has emerged as an important hurdle in

233 cell (FDC) network and then concentrated in germinal centers in a complement-, mannose-binding lecti

234 e exhibited intact intestinal tissue, active germinal centers in mesenteric lymph nodes, IgG(+) and I

235 ls; this caused the spontaneous formation of germinal centers, increased titers of serum autoantibodi

236 ts role at the hypermutating Ig locus in the germinal center is unexplored.

237 wo novel cytokinetic ring components, GCK-1 (germinal center kinase-1) and CCM-3 (cerebral cavernous

238 AP kinase kinase kinase kinase 3 [also named germinal center kinase-like kinase (GLK)]-overexpressing

239 as naive B cells exit quiescence to enter a germinal center-like differentiation program, which culm

240 BioTarget tool to BCL6, a TF associated with germinal center lymphocytes, we observed that patients w

241 henotype (73%), which included expression of germinal center markers (CD75/Bcl-6-positive, CD32-weak/

242 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs are pivota

243 Currently, the epithelia and lymphoid germinal centers of the oropharynx have been identified

244 N-gamma production was accompanied by a poor germinal center output, an accumulation of T-box transcr

245 However, within the germinal center, peripheral tolerance was still enforced

246 ent predominantly exhibited an immature, pro-germinal center phenotype (PDL-2(-) CD80(-) CD35(+) CD73

247 rsity of viruses in oropharyngeal epithelia, germinal centers, probang samples (oropharyngeal scrapin

248 is that disrupt pathways associated with the germinal center reaction (TNFRSF14, IRF8), immune escape

249 Intriguingly, an HR defect allowed for a germinal center reaction and affinity maturation in vivo

250 terminal differentiation of B-cells via the germinal center reaction is a complex multi-step process

251 and Ab responses is highly dependent on the germinal center reaction, a well-orchestrated process in

252 itch recombination, affinity maturation, and germinal center reaction, as well as plasmablast differe

253 :T mutagenesis during SHM increased during a germinal center reaction, but this was in part defective

254 asts resulted in nutrient deprivation of the germinal center reaction, limiting the generation of mem

255 lper T cell-mediated B cell responses in the germinal center reaction.

256 f tonsils as lymphoid sites for the study of germinal center reactions after vaccination in children.

257 phenotype and provided poor help to support germinal center reactions and humoral immune responses b

258 of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), driven by germinal center reactions and resulting in target organ

259 he mechanism by which B cells initially seed germinal center reactions remains elusive.

260 ory B cells readily participate in secondary germinal center reactions, allowing further modification

261 role in T cell-dependent B cell activation, germinal center reactions, and humoral immunity and how

262 phase, indicating antigen-responsiveness and germinal center reentry.

263 The virus's manipulation of the germinal center response and B cell differentiation to e

264 intrinsic manner, usurp IRF-1 to promote the germinal center response and expansion of the latent res

265 he murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68)-driven germinal center response and expansion of the viral late

266 To investigate targeting the germinal center response and plasma cells as a desensiti

267 response was associated with enhanced early germinal center response and rapid elicitation of Abs to

268 cells, enhances the gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center response and the establishment of chroni

269 c IRF-1 expression promoted the MHV68-driven germinal center response and the establishment of chroni

270 ression supports the gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center response and the establishment of viral

271 The gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center response in combination with robust infe

272 s and subsequently drive a robust polyclonal germinal center response in order to amplify the latent

273 lectively affect the gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center response remain poorly understood.

274 ed role for MZB cells in controlling the TFH-germinal center response to a cholesterol-rich diet and

275 e B cell differentiation process through the germinal center response to ensure latent infection of l

276 pressor, selectively attenuates MHV68-driven germinal center response, a phenotype that we originally

277 e establishment of chronic infection and the germinal center response, indicating that MHV68 may, in

278 rp B cell differentiation, specifically, the germinal center response, to establish long-term latency

279 selectively restrict gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center response, viral mechanisms that contribu

280 licular helper cells followed by an enhanced germinal center response.

281 ation of host and viral factors that promote germinal center responses during gammaherpesvirus infect

282 nd in vivo mouse studies, Tfh generation and germinal center responses were enhanced by reducing CD39

283 te to transplantation tolerance by foregoing germinal center responses while retaining their ability

284 g both early extrafollicular plasma cell and germinal center responses, in a CD4(+) T-cell-dependent

285 duces bone marrow plasma cells, disorganizes germinal center responses, reduces donor-specific antibo

286 B cell responses and gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center responses, with the latter thought to be

287 ctedly hindered parasite control by impeding germinal center responses.

288 Therefore, this Ag is commonly used to study germinal center responses.

289 licular regulatory (Tfr) cells that regulate germinal center responses.

290 Analysis of Hdac3-/- germinal centers revealed a reduction in dark zone centr

291 n currently in clinical trials, recruited to germinal centers, secrete class-switched antibodies, und

292 The germinal center stage of B cell differentiation is impor

293 re transcriptionally and clonally similar to germinal center Tfh cells.

294 oliferating circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells and Germinal Centers Tfh (GC-Tfh).

295 pond to interactions with other cells in the germinal center that provide survival and differentiatio

296 We examine scenarios that lead to germinal centers that are composed of B-cells that come

297 cialized subset of CD4(+) T cells needed for germinal centers (the microanatomical sites of B cell mu

298 self-reactive B cells are recruited into the germinal center, their development does not proceed, pos

299 develop mathematical models of Tfh cells in germinal centers to explicitly define the mechanisms of

300 gene expression changes observed in Hdac3-/- germinal centers were a result of direct effects of Hdac