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1 dients (of more than 700 degrees Celsius per gigapascal).
2 inerals found in many shergottites (15 to 25 gigapascals).
3 o relatively modest pressures (less than 100 gigapascals).
4 dithiocarbamate) at high pressures (up to 11 gigapascals).
5 inous phases indicates pressures of up to 27 gigapascal.
6 these xenoliths record pressures of up to 22 gigapascal.
7 n be quenched to ambient temperature above 1 gigapascal.
8 orbital involvement doubles between 0 and 11 gigapascal.
9 e 500 gigapascal and complete melting at 634 gigapascal.
10 serpentinization) at 200 degrees C and 0.03 gigapascal.
11 f the outermost layer varied from 270 to 950 gigapascals.
12 liquid deuterium to pressures from 22 to 340 gigapascals.
13 ore mafic than the starting peridotite at 10 gigapascals.
14 - 270 kelvin upon shock compression above 80 gigapascals.
15 ned to be just above 1000°C from 5 to 11 gigapascals.
16 semblage at 4300 +/- 270 kelvin is 130 +/- 3 gigapascals.
17 ansforms to Pbnm-perovskite structure at 223 gigapascals.
18 al mode coupling were observed at 150 to 160 gigapascals.
19 phase relations at pressures from 45 to 100 gigapascals.
20 f pure forsterite, were measured to about 13 gigapascals.
21 chable polymorph) at pressures from 58 to 85 gigapascals.
22 ucture of LaH(10) at a pressure of about 170 gigapascals.
23 ritical scaling at the highest pressure, 2.4 gigapascals.
24 bits ultrahigh yield strength, exceeding 4.5 gigapascals.
25 ars and records impact pressures of 20 to 30 gigapascals.
26 gigapascals to less than 1 nanosecond at 42 gigapascals.
27 ength of 1.87 gigapascals and moduli of 98.7 gigapascals.
28 r varied temperatures and pressures up to 32 gigapascals.
29 ngton transition to metallic hydrogen at 495 gigapascals.
30 p upturn in transition temperature above 220 gigapascals.
31 metric structures in the phase diagram by 30 gigapascals.
32 of D2 must occur at a pressure of above 380 gigapascals.
33 ressures(7), and are of comparable size at 4 gigapascals.
34 t 15 degrees Celsius) achieved at 267 +/- 10 gigapascals.
35 acked structure upon compression to over 770 gigapascals.
36 and tungsten in static experiments up to 500 gigapascals.
37 en studied so far only at pressures below 75 gigapascals.
38 ies at approximately 150 gigapascals and 440 gigapascals.
39 -nanometer nickel when compressed above 18.5 gigapascals.
40 ver an extended pressure range from 40 to 60 gigapascals.
41 n the diamond anvil cell between 145 and 157 gigapascals.
42 e undergoes a transition at approximately 17 gigapascals.
43 ound ranging from 9 to 16 kelvin at 23 to 80 gigapascals.
44 at shock pressures in the range of 10 to 180 gigapascals (0.1 to 1.8 megabars) and temperatures to 40
45 ,Fe)SiO3 perovskite at conditions (50 to 106 gigapascals, 1600 to 2400 kelvin) close to a mantle geot
47 melts equilibrated with Fe alloy at 38 to 71 gigapascals, 3600 to 4400 kelvin, analyzed by synchrotro
48 d plasticity at high pressure (more than 150 gigapascals), a regime that recovery experiments cannot
51 achieves a tensile strength of more than one gigapascal and a total elongation of approximately 10%,
54 e, pyrite-structured iron oxide (FeO2) at 76 gigapascals and 1,800 kelvin that holds an excessive amo
55 n garnet and silicate liquid from 1.5 to 2.0 gigapascals and 1250 degrees to 1350 degreesC show that
60 e ferropericlase have been measured up to 95 gigapascals and 2000 kelvin with x-ray emission in a las
63 reaches ~10(-7) cm(2)/s in LaH(9.63) at 150 gigapascals and 240 kelvin, approaching the upper bound
64 closed packed (hcp) iron to a magnet at 16.9 gigapascals and 261 degrees centigrade suggests that hcp
68 ically compressed olivine melt at 150 to 256 gigapascals and 3000 to 6000 kelvin using laser-driven s
70 c modulus and yield strength of 12.7 +/- 3.8 gigapascals and 488 +/- 57 megapascals, respectively.
73 e crystals under laboratory conditions of 26 gigapascals and 973 to 1473 kelvin (conditions typical o
74 nation of a high yield strength of about 1.3 gigapascals and a large uniform elongation of about 14 p
75 ved an ultimate tensile strength of almost 2 gigapascals and a true failure strain close to 100% at 7
76 (hcp-Fe) were measured at pressures up to 73 gigapascals and at temperatures up to 1700 kelvin with n
78 sical properties of dense hydrogen above 325 gigapascals and constrain the pressure and temperature c
79 ) precipitates, with a strength of up to 2.2 gigapascals and good ductility (about 8.2 per cent).
80 subjected to extreme pressures exceeding 100 gigapascals and high temperatures above 2,000 kelvin.
83 amond anvil cells, at pressures of 95 to 101 gigapascals and temperatures of 2200 to 2400 kelvin, we
85 form diamond at pressures between 10 and 50 gigapascals and temperatures of about 2000 to 3000 kelvi
86 ibited very high Young's moduli (up to ~14.0 gigapascals and up to 20 gigapascals when reinforced wit
87 al material(7) with high strength (about 100 gigapascals) and elastic modulus (approximately 0.8 tera
88 has ultrahigh intrinsic strength (about 130 gigapascals) and elastic modulus (approximately 1.0 tera
89 tic modulus of restacked MoS2 layers (2 to 4 gigapascals) and fast proton diffusion between the nanos
92 ated temperatures, elevated pressures (to 12 gigapascals), and long exposure to harsh acid or base ch
93 unobserved Rh2O3 (II) structure at about 78 gigapascals, and it further transforms to Pbnm-perovskit
94 n measurements yielded a bulk modulus of 360 gigapascals, and radial diffraction indicated that ReB2
95 ance, a magnetic susceptibility of up to 190 gigapascals, and reduction of the transition temperature
96 ral changes, observed at pressures up to 130 gigapascals, appear exclusively after melting, thus offe
97 1 to B2 phase transition between 397 and 425 gigapascal (around 9700 kelvin), in agreement with recen
99 ty indicates that this region ends above 150 gigapascals at 10,200 kelvin and that a more subtle refl
100 the suggested phase V in H2 and HD up to 388 gigapascals at 300 kelvin, and up to 465 kelvin at 350 g
101 evidence that at pressures greater than 325 gigapascals at 300 kelvin, H2 and hydrogen deuteride (HD
104 D2O) compressed to a maximum pressure of 210 gigapascals at 85 to 300 kelvin exhibit a phase transiti
105 et to antiferromagnetic transition above 1.8 gigapascals at a notably low temperature, T(c) 0.07 kelv
106 an exist at outer-core pressures (136 to 330 gigapascals) at temperatures below 5200 kelvin and lead
107 We have used in situ high-pressure (up to 2 gigapascals) boron-11 solid-state nuclear magnetic reson
108 psilon-Fe) have been measured from 15 to 152 gigapascals by using diamond-anvil cells with ultrapure
109 with an ultrahigh yield strength of nearly 2 gigapascals can be achieved by activating delamination t
110 of SiO2 rises to 8300 K at a pressure of 500 gigapascals, comparable to the core-mantle boundary cond
111 centered cubic (bcc) phase up to at least 84 gigapascals (compared to approximately 10 gigapascals fo
112 n the diamond anvil cell between 104 and 130 gigapascals confining pressure and ambient temperature.
113 al-to-complete maskelynitization at 17 to 22 gigapascals, consistent with the high-pressure minerals
114 calculate a rate of [Formula: see text] per gigapascals cubed per year for on-axis jetted TDEs on th
116 kelvin, and G (at room conditions) = 113(1) gigapascals, dG/dP = 1.5(1), and dG/dT = -0.017(1) gigap
117 moduli yield K (at room conditions) = 172(2) gigapascals, dK/dP = 4.2(1), and dK/dT = -0.012(1) gigap
118 anometre-sized argon crystals at around 22.0 gigapascals embedded in nanocrystalline diamond, energy-
120 from orthorhombic to cubic structures at 15 gigapascals followed by the formation of fully amorphous
123 texturing is observed at pressures above 3.0 gigapascals for 500-nanometer nickel and at greater than
128 strength of this layer ranged from 11 to 63 gigapascals for the set of 19 MWCNTs that were loaded.
129 luding compressive yield strengths up to 1.7 gigapascals, fracture strains exceeding 50%, and notable
130 London dispersion)] to predict that above 60 gigapascal (GPa) the most stable form of N2O (the laughi
131 erved on a GeO(2) glass at a pressure of 5.5 gigapascal (GPa), based on in situ density and x-ray dif
133 ssion at peak normal elastic stresses of ~73 gigapascals (GPa) and strain rates of 10(9) per second.
134 tra have been measured at pressures up to 80 gigapascals (GPa) for the lower-mantle oxide magnesiowus
139 demonstrated that deuterium shocked above 55 gigapascals has an electrical conductivity characteristi
140 their synthesis and investigation above 200 gigapascals have been hindered both by the technical com
142 od to realize pressures of about 600 and 900 gigapascals in a laser-heated double-stage diamond anvil
143 transition at 60 gigapascals in H2O ice (70 gigapascals in D2O ice) on the basis of their infrared r
144 300 kelvin exhibit a phase transition at 60 gigapascals in H2O ice (70 gigapascals in D2O ice) on th
145 chieve a yield strength of approximately 4.2 gigapascals in our 3-nanometre-grain-size samples, ten t
146 y that Jupiter should become metallic at 140 gigapascals in the fluid, and the electrical conductivit
150 t the pressure of core-mantle boundary (~136 gigapascals) is about 7700(150) K, which is approximatel
152 nducting critical temperature T(c) below 150 gigapascals, is explained by a modulation of the electro
153 of nanoparticle assembly in the presence of gigapascal level stress rebalances interparticle forces
154 ally strain-hardens the magnesium crystal to gigapascal level, at which point dislocation mediated pl
157 ale multilayers have hardnesses exceeding 50 gigapascals, making these films highly resistant to abra
160 etic field to tune the density of bosons and gigapascals of hydrostatic pressure to regulate the unde
161 hase persisted to the maximum pressures (210 gigapascals) of the measurements, although changes in vi
162 d quasi-hydrostatic pressures of about three gigapascals on previously deformed olivine aggregates an
163 scals, dK/dP = 4.2(1), and dK/dT = -0.012(1) gigapascals per kelvin, and G (at room conditions) = 113
166 ous experimental data in the several hundred gigapascal pressure range, particularly near the melt bo
167 agnetic field sources to compress gallium to gigapascal pressures on nanosecond timescales, we report
168 silicate equilibration pressures of 28 to 53 gigapascals, producing sufficient Fe(2)O(3) to account f
169 ll-on-disk tests at contact pressures of 1.3 gigapascals reveal that these tribofilms nearly eliminat
171 etworks comprising this macromer possessed a gigapascal-storage modulus at body temperature and a T(t
172 e complexity of the phase behavior above 100 gigapascals suggests extraordinary liquid and solid stat
173 elynitization at higher shock pressures (>30 gigapascals) than the stability field of the high-pressu
174 of solid hydrogen at pressures of up to 254 gigapascals that reveals the crystallographic nature of
176 ansition temperature Tc of 203 kelvin at 155 gigapascals--the highest Tc reported for any superconduc
177 s, then for pressures greater than about 175 gigapascals they are predicted to sit exactly halfway be
178 termine the melting point of iron up to 1000 gigapascals, three times the pressure of Earth's inner c
179 ing pressure from andesitic composition at 1 gigapascal to more mafic than the starting peridotite at
180 s steeply at about 2,300 kelvin and above 40 gigapascals to a level sufficient for a complete dissolu
181 manium decreases from ~7.2 nanoseconds at 35 gigapascals to less than 1 nanosecond at 42 gigapascals.
182 f up to one-third million atmospheres, or 33 gigapascals) to germanium, we report here a complex grad
183 on ReB2 indicated an average hardness of 48 gigapascals under an applied load of 0.49 newton, and sc
186 The eutectic temperature in the system at 14 gigapascals was about 400°C lower than that extrapol
188 ments on natural amphibole-rich veins at 1.5 gigapascals, we found that partial melts of metasomatic
189 s at 300 kelvin, and up to 465 kelvin at 350 gigapascals; we do not observe phase V in deuterium (D2)
190 moduli (up to ~14.0 gigapascals and up to 20 gigapascals when reinforced with surface-treated carbon
192 on nitride experience pressures as high as 7 gigapascal, which allows the propagation of solvent-free
193 e formation of fully amorphous HEOs above 30 gigapascals, which are recoverable to ambient conditions
194 arable melting temperatures above 500 to 700 gigapascals, which could favor long-lived magma oceans f
196 demonstrate a tensile yield strength of 1.0 gigapascals with a ductility of 9%, albeit with B2 order
197 ich leads to a high tensile strength of ~1.3 gigapascals with a uniform elongation of ~9% and an exce
199 e in the diamond anvil cell, from 140 to 275 gigapascals, with a sharp upturn in transition temperatu
200 carbon films with a Young's modulus of 14.5 gigapascals, with the possibility of further transfer on