ライフサイエンスコーパス: gill

1 ltiple products (e.g. meat, fins, teeth, and gills).

2 two anatomically remote organs: the eye and gill.

3 e oxygenated water unidirectionally over the gills.

4 hat subsequently were co-opted as pharyngeal gills.

5 te sustained IgT expression and secretion in gills.

6 domain that extends caudal to the heart and gills.

7 tain ventilation and oxygenation through the gills.

8 f counter-current heat exchangers within its gills.

9 loys in a fraction of a second and clogs the gills.

10 ory control over active ion transport in the gills.

11 c bacteria within specialized cells in their gills.

12 ly higher into the posterior versus anterior gills.

13 mmunological function of the ILT in salmonid gills.

14 amic resistance and flow patterns within the gills.

15 els of oxidative damage and apoptosis in the gills.

16 eria as intracellular endosymbionts in their gills.

17 ly affect the hydrodynamic resistance of the gills.

18 in water is critical for the uptake via the gills.

19 as ventral paired lungs and larval external gills.

20 e over whether the ancestral vertebrate bore gills.

21 r of differentially expressed lncRNAs in the gills (3,294), head-kidney (3,275), and liver (3,325) ov

22 issue-indicator of AgNP pollution, while the gills (4.5-22.0 mug g(-1)) and hepatopancreas (2.5-16.7

23 with membrane (mem)CCR7 were recorded in the gill (7.5 +/- 2% CCR7(+) cells).

24 overestimates of metabolic half-lives or gut/gill absorption efficiencies.

25 R of ca19 and ca18 and protein expression in gill across metamorphosis show that the ca19 levels are

26 with S increases activity and expression of gill active ion transporters and improves SW tolerance,

27 nsitioned from water to land, lungs replaced gills, allowing expiration to drive sound production.

28 Negative binomial regression and Andersen-Gill analyses which include repeated events showed stati

29 e caused a decrease in core diversity in the gill and an increase in the skin.

30 s and mortality were assessed using Andersen-Gill and Cox proportional hazards models.

31 ance, suggesting that Cu is removed from the gill and is transferred to other organs for detoxificati

32 udy over a 6 week period the dynamics of the gill and skin microbiomes of farmed seabass before, duri

33 r is a predominant species that lives in the gill and skin mucosal surfaces of rainbow trout (Oncorhy

34 ajor-specific IgT titers are confined to the gill and skin mucus, whereas F. major-specific IgM titer

35 th a complete intact cap containing distinct gills and a stalk, suggests evolutionary stasis of body

36 by epithelial cells of skin, intestine, and gills and by the two types of lamprey T-like cells.

37 f zebrafish larvae and is more restricted to gills and female gonads in adult zebrafish.

38 lly less contractile muscle mass and smaller gills and foot compared with younger animals, with conse

39 TiO2NPs were found in the gills and gut and elsewhere.

40 ecreased rapidly during depuration from both gills and hepatopancreas after short exposures but slowl

41 y of cadmium uptake was localized within the gills and hepatopancreas, while zinc accumulated in the

42 epithelium and rat cornea), organs (Xenopus gills and mouse skin) and appendages (Xenopus tail), and

43 rom shrimp abdominal muscle, hepatopancreas, gills and pleopods.

44 gina, including the external position of the gills and possible absence of a gill opposite the more r

45 Platyhelminthes) that are primarily found on gills and skin of fishes.

46 changes in the microbiome composition of the gills and skin.

47 le conceptual model of particle flow for the gills and the gut.

48 e maintenance of a Th2-like phenotype in the gills and the suppression of type 1 immune responses.

49 e deposit, contain ejecta spherules in their gills and were buried by an inland-directed surge that i

50 and find transcriptomic similarities between gills and wings, suggesting a common genetic program.

51 idation and DNA damage assessments of liver, gill, and blood.

52 Ambystoma mexicanum), which retains external gills, and demonstrate its contribution to posterior gil

53 e confirmed virus infection in 14 cases with gill apoptosis in Norway starting from 1995.

54 The gill apparatus of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) is fu

55 re in the developing gill arches establishes gill arch anteroposterior polarity and maintains the pro

56 data suggest that vertebrate jaw, hyoid and gill arch cartilages are serially homologous, and were p

57 egment identity in the mandibular, hyoid and gill arch endoskeletons).

58 es in early gnathostomes, and theories about gill arch evolution were driven by information gleaned m

59 nto the anatomical foundation of Gegenbaur's gill arch hypothesis.

60 reflecting the stepwise transformation of a gill arch into a jaw) or developmental genetic data (for

61 genbaur proposed that paired fins evolved as gill arch serial homologues, but this hypothesis is now

62 Gegenbaur's classical hypothesis of jaw-gill arch serial homology is widely cited, but remains u

63 pose transformation of precursor structures (gill arches and lateral fin folds) into paired fins.

64 We propose that gill arches and paired fins are serially homologous as d

65 the pectoral fin skeleton from mesoderm, the gill arches are of dual origin, receiving contributions

66 n from a signalling centre in the developing gill arches establishes gill arch anteroposterior polari

67 imitive feature of the mandibular, hyoid and gill arches of jawed vertebrates.

68 endoskeletal segments of the jaw, hyoid and gill arches of the skate Leucoraja erinacea derive from

69 appendages that project laterally from their gill arches, known as branchial rays.

70 bs) originally evolved via transformation of gill arches.

71 Pharyngeal gills are a fundamental feature of the vertebrate body p

72 Since fish gills are considered a mucosal surface, we hypothesized

73 of subaerial breathing, suggesting that book gills are the direct precursors to book lungs while vasc

74 microplastics through inspiration across the gills as well as ingestion of pre-exposed food (common m

75 In this study, we show that a ronivirus, gill-associated virus (GAV), encodes the 2'-O-MTase acti

76 ers PFAA uptake via passive diffusion at the gills, association with serum albumin in the circulatory

77 HdHIF-1alpha expression was up-regulated in gills at 4h, 24h and 96 h, and in hemocytes at 24h and 9

78 ha expression was significantly increased in gills at 4h, and hemocytes at 0 h and 4 h, while HdHIF-1

79 exposed to 0.5 muM 65Cu show an increase in gill ATP7a transcript abundance, suggesting that Cu is r

80 xposure to MCLR and MCRR with the tissues of gills being the most affected.

81 elements were measured in the muscle, liver, gills, bone and intestine of farmed seabass and gilthead

82 and Se) were measured in the muscle, liver, gills, bone and intestine.

83 m to reduce Cu loading if Cu is entering the gills by other uptake routes, such as ECaC and DMT1.

84 stingly, dio2a expression was induced in the gills by transfer to salt water (SW), with the magnitude

85 , the waterborne exposures revealed that the gills can capture Ag(0)NPs(20), but in small quantities.

86 lamprey metamorphosis resulting in distinct gill carbonic anhydrases reflecting the contrasting life

87 face area (PSA)) by an in vitro primary fish gill cell culture system (FIGCS) for 24 h in artificial

88 The protocol describes gill cell isolation, cultured gill epithelium formation,

89 tro screening method using the rainbow trout gill cell line, RTgill-W1, to investigate pH-dependent c

90 We developed a fish gill cell line-based (RTgill-W1) assay, using several me

91 helium, as seen in vivo, seeding of isolated gill cells twice over a 2-d period is required.

92 e copper and silver binding to rainbow trout gill cells, either as cultured reconstructed epithelia,

93 Microspheres inhaled into the gill chamber had a small but significant dose-dependent

94 bony fishes versus separate covers for each gill chamber in cartilaginous fishes.

95 Whereas the gill chambers of jawless vertebrates open directly into

96 t the ancient and specialized tissues of the gills contain a resident population of il-4/13b-expressi

97 ling showed that NECs dissociated from adult gill contained CBS and CSE, whereas cutaneous NECs in la

98 of Pou3f3 or the conserved enhancer disrupts gill cover formation, whereas ectopic pan-arch Pou3f3b e

99 e lineages is the presence of a single large gill cover in bony fishes versus separate covers for eac

100 ed to the acquisition and diversification of gill covers and respiratory strategies during gnathostom

101 nd B) and four (1)H T(2) Car-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) (C, D, E and F) proton populations were obse

102 ble using a single-scan Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) experiment, without the need for a titration

103 R relaxation dispersion Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) experiments and isothermal titration calorim

104 In Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) measurements, three proton populations were

105 r water suppression and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) presat as a T2 filter to remove macromolecul

106 A Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence was used for evaluation of th

107 (15)N NMR Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) relaxation dispersion and rotating frame R (

108 Multiple-quantum Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) relaxation dispersion experiments and NMR ch

109 aracterized using (15)N Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) relaxation dispersions, which define the off

110 The Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence was used to measure spin-spin relax

111 NMR techniques, such as Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST

112 n vivo that increases in circulating [S] and gill CR abundance are associated with increases in osmor

113 A reduction in gill CTR1 transcript abundance was observed during the C

114 rning from forgone outcomes to two groups of Gilles de la Tourette (GTS) patients, one consisting of

115 Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a complex neurop

116 Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterized by

117 arrative of my experience with patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and covers its definition

118 directed and habitual behavioural control in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and formally tested the h

119 and 17 antipsychotic-medicated patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and matched controls.

120 tico-basal ganglia networks in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome compared with controls.

121 ement in habitual behaviour in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome correlated with greater s

122 ncluding neuropsychology, and the effects of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome with studies showing that

123 s, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, and addiction.

124 habit formation in unmedicated patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.

125 Though still shrouded in mystery, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome is widely regarded as a

126 about the body surface and feed on skin and gill debris.

127 t in the T cell population to optimize local gill defense mechanisms.

128 In the thorax, Ubx is necessary for gill development and for repression of gnathal fate, and

129 The gills did not become saturated with cadmium after 14 day

130 respiration as the principal consequence of gill dio2 activity.

131 nd in healthy salmon or in control fish with gill disease without apoptotic cells, although transmiss

132 es that we combine with Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill echo trains to obtain images in which one species c

133 We conclude that cultured gill epithelia in vitro provide a powerful approach to s

134 ing, preparations develop electrically tight gill epithelia that can withstand freshwater on the apic

135 ocol describes gill cell isolation, cultured gill epithelium formation, maintenance, monitoring and p

136 uct and culture the freshwater rainbow trout gill epithelium on flat permeable membrane supports with

137 To produce a heterogeneous gill epithelium, as seen in vivo, seeding of isolated gi

138 In this issue of Blood, Gill et al describe the results of the first phase 3 cli

139 Gill et al. show that transcription of antisense ncRNAs

140 It is thought that gills evolved independently in cyclostomes (jawless vert

141 s an extension of the dorsal thorax, and the gill-exite hypothesis, which proposes that wings were de

142 In fact, most IgD(+) cells in the gills expressed CCR7.

143 We used Anderson-Gill extended Cox proportional hazards to estimate hazar

144 We used the Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox model to estimate the effects

145 4), respectively, calculated by the Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox model.

146 mplantation were compared using the Andersen-Gill extension to the Cox proportional hazards model whi

147 s the fluid mechanics of ventilation at fish gill filaments.

148 external morphological characteristics (e.g. gills, fins) of the original fish being removed.

149 homologous with those in ancestral arthropod gill flaps/epipods, to migrate dorsally and fuse with th

150 e thymoid, a thymus-equivalent region at the gill fold tips.

151 ae and were found on the external surface of gills following aqueous exposure.

152 neither had a significant adverse impact on gill function.

153 titative potential, the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill gave the best results.

154 decreasing in the order brain approximately gill > liver > plasma > bile >> muscle.

155 ever, the evolutionary history of vertebrate gills has been the subject of a long-standing controvers

156 enes of the ammonia excretion pathway in the gills have experienced positive selection, suggesting th

157 and patisiran groups, respectively (Andersen-Gill hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.28-1.01).

158 In addition to being drawn into the gills, HDPE particles were taken up into the stomach and

159 showed that nickel accumulated mainly in the gill, heart, and brain, representing a tissue distributi

160 distribution of Ag in over 650 exoskeletons, gills, hepatopancreas and muscles samples were determine

161 han IL-4-like cytokines and is essential for gill homeostasis.

162 ey, with lesser effects in the intestine and gills in adults compared to larvae.

163 This finding supports the homology of gills in cyclostomes and gnathostomes, and a single orig

164 chemokines, strongly transcribed in skin and gills in homeostasis, for which an immune role had not b

165 fication, dio2b was induced in the brain and gills in zones of cell proliferation following increasin

166 is showed a change in tissue expression from gills, in marine vertebrates, to kidneys in terrestrial

167 s models (time to first charge) and Andersen-Gill intensity models (total charge-days).

168 Mucosal surfaces such as fish gills interface between the organism and the external en

169 The gill is widely accepted to have played a key role in the

170 were sampled for muscle, fat, liver, brain, gill, kidney and gonad and the tissue FA measured by gas

171 necessitating functional adaptations of the gills, kidney and intestine.

172 fining the genus Dracula - a mushroom-like, 'gilled' labellum and a showy, patterned calyx - enhance

173 ike trabeculae on the dorsal surface of each gill lamella indicate eurypterids were capable of subaer

174 nd demonstrate its contribution to posterior gill-levator muscles and the cucullaris.

175 s muscle is a cranial muscle allied with the gill levators of anamniotes or is instead a trunk muscle

176 tion of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) protein in gill, liver, intestine, and head kidney for over one yea

177 d river, were significantly increased in the gills, liver and kidney (63-, 34- and 19-fold respective

178 sets were uniquely modulated in each tissue (gills, liver, and head-kidney); and (iii) A subset of ln

179 Following the exposure to MCLR and MCRR, gills, liver, intestine, and brain tissues were harveste

180 etal blades are homologous with the flaps of gilled lobopodians (for example, Kerygmachela kierkegaar

181 Moreover, we demonstrate that gill microbiota is predominantly coated with IgT, thus p

182 The Andersen and Gill model was used to calculate the adjusted hazard rat

183 t for competing mortality risk, and Andersen-Gill modeling to analyze total (first+recurrent) HHF and

184 To account for repeated events, Andersen-Gill models were used to determine possible predictors.

185 Andersen-Gill models were used to determine whether depression pr

186 ization were assessed using Cox and Andersen-Gill models.

187 utcomes were examined using Cox and Andersen-Gill models.

188 cess areas, but only one parasite species (a gill monogenean of C. variegatus) was more abundant with

189 a general model for examining the diversity gill morphologies observed in teleost fishes.

190 oportion of AB in mushrooms with puffball or gilled morphologies may suggest that AB acts as an osmol

191 climation was not associated with changes in gill morphology, hematocrit, or relative ventricular mas

192 ionally, we implemented a method to maintain gill movement, and as such respiration and blood oxygena

193 ppendages, opisthosomal appendages with book gills, muscles, and fine setae permits comparison with e

194 Here we report diverse gilled mushrooms (Agaricales) and mycophagous rove beetl

195 Abundance of the seawater isoform of gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase increased in spring in both strai

196 he spin-spin relaxation Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill NMR experiment, which is sensitive to molecular tum

197 demonstrate by cell lineage tracing that the gills of a cartilaginous fish, the little skate (Leucora

198 es, some expressed specifically in breathing gills of aquatic nymphs, suggesting a novel sensory role

199 sed on their distinct embryonic origins: the gills of cyclostomes derive from endoderm [9-12], while

200 nd generate pathogen-specific IgT within the gills of fish, thus providing the first example of local

201 of an interlamellar cell mass (ILCM) on the gills of goldfish acclimated to 7 degrees C leads to pre

202 Using RNA-seq, we contrasted GE in gills of Litopenaeus vannamei at 1.5, 18 and 56 hours-po

203 The gills of most teleost fishes are covered by plate-like s

204 The gills of otx2bhu3625/hu3625 fish have weak sodium influx

205 Cadmium and copper accumulations in gills of zebrafish were measured during a 48 h exposure

206 ved from an exite (outgrowth; for example, a gill) on the leg of an ancestral crustacean.

207 ition of the gills and possible absence of a gill opposite the more robust anterior-most bar, are cha

208 cell-based barrier systems, such as the fish gill or mammalian intestinal models and may improve in v

209 Ds may be lodged in critical tissues such as gills or filtering apparatus and Cd ions may be released

210 We measured the burden of gill parasites for two reef fishes (Cheilodactylus varie

211 The system can be used to study freshwater gill physiology, and it is a humane alternative for toxi

212 toadstool morphology, with a cap, stalk and gills (pileate-stipitate morphology).

213 surprisingly found among both shark fin and gill plate samples.

214 ajor driver, demand for meat, liver oil, and gill plates also represents a significant threat.

215 129 fins and gill plates were analysed and searches on BOLD produced

216 fy shark and ray species from dried fins and gill plates, obtained in Canada, China, and Sri Lanka.

217 to meet the ongoing international demand for gill plates.

218 most basal extant craniates, the hagfishes, gills play only a minor role in gas exchange.

219 are innervated by the trigeminal nerve, the gill pore papillae are innervated by branchial nerves, a

220 e also characterized the response profile of gill pore papillae to some chemicals and showed that tro

221 Gill pore papillae were absent and SCCs were sparse duri

222 Nerve fibers extended into the gill pore papillae, as far as the SCCs and serotonergic

223 illae located around the oral disk, nostril, gill pores, and on the dorsal fins and that SCCs are par

224 y vertebrates, including papillae on lamprey gill pores.

225 , each is associated with externally located gills, possibly housed in pouches.

226 nce for a notochord, cartilaginous arcualia, gill pouches, articulations within the proboscis, and mu

227 istochemistry to determine aspects of salmon gill poxvirus disease, which are described here.

228 ence and specific diagnostics for the salmon gill poxvirus in Atlantic salmon may help curb this dise

229 Furthermore, because salmon gill poxvirus represents the deepest branch of chordopox

230 thostomes, and a single origin of pharyngeal gills prior to the divergence of these two ancient verte

231 We also used Andersen-Gill proportional hazard models to assess the influence

232 spectroscopy based on a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence is widely applied to identify the ex

233 ations, gangfisch evolved a greater range of gill raker numbers (GRNs) to utilize a broader ecologica

234 s that are smaller than the pore size of the gill-raker filter, including extraction of particles des

235 so caused significant crayfish mortality and gill recession.

236 repertoire diversification in the 'thymoid' gill region, and express their VLRs solely as cell-surfa

237 incidence functions and univariate Andersen-Gill regression for primary outcomes.

238 In an Andersen-Gill regression model with multiple end point recurrence

239 Anderson-Gill regression modeling was used to determine the predi

240 spectrometry (ESI-MS), Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill relaxation dispersion (CPMG-RD), and affinity measu

241 istant construct) using Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill relaxation dispersion and chemical exchange saturat

242 lear magnetic resonance Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill relaxation dispersion experiment to study the bindi

243 turation transfer, and Carr-Purcell-Meinboom-Gill relaxation dispersion), that apo GroEL accelerates

244 experiments (including Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill relaxation dispersion, off-resonance R (1rho) profi

245 (13)C ILV constant-time Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill relaxation measurements experiments, we demonstrate

246 tion parameters, namely Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill relaxation-dispersion experiments and measurement o

247 migration and differentiation during hypoxic gill remodelling on the pattern and extent of ionocyte n

248 for comparing theoretical predictions of the gill resistance with measured values, and provide a gene

249 In addition, while the gills responded similarly to light-organ colonization by

250 preys and other vertebrates and suggest that gill SCC function may be important during the feeding ju

251 sured using the 16-echo Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence (TE, 22-352).

252 s by averaging a single Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence.

253 ntified chondrichthyan in which the complete gill skeleton is three-dimensionally preserved in its na

254 ever, only a handful of early chondrichthyan gill skeletons are known and palaeontological work is in

255 The gill skeletons of chondrichthyans (sharks, batoids, chim

256 outh and other possible channels such as the gill slits [Huysseune et al., 2009, J.

257 In teleost fish, gill slits arise through opening of endodermal pouches a

258 res, along with robust support of pharyngeal gill slits as a shared deuterostome character, provide t

259 rphies of Ambulacraria, including pharyngeal gill slits, a single axocoel, and paired hydrocoels and

260 sociated with the development of pharyngeal 'gill' slits, the foremost morphological innovation of ea

261 irmed by single-quantum Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (SQ-CPMG) RD experiments; however, motions outside

262 importance of these tissues in metal uptake (gill), storage and detoxification (liver, kidney).

263 eres were distributed differently across the gill surface, although neither had a significant adverse

264 red to the spores to carry them clear of the gill surface.

265 We used multivariate Andersen-Gill survival methods, adjusted for age, sexual behaviou

266 modulate the growth of trout total skin and gill symbiotic bacteria.

267 f pharmaceuticals and the use of an in vitro gill system to predict the uptake of other compounds.

268 teers using a localized Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill technique.

269 e and with lower concentrations in liver and gills than fish reared in silty, anoxic sites.

270 nce enables early appearance of the external gills that represent key breathing organs of bichir free

271 hemoautotrophic bacterial symbionts in their gills that synthesize organic matter using reduced sulfu

272 In the gills, the balance between inflammatory responses to wat

273 ointed endoskeletal supports internal to the gills--the visceral branchial arches--represents one of

274 l core diversity in the skin, whereas in the gills there was both an increase and a shift in core div

275 ne expression and protein CCR7 levels in the gills throughout development.

276 d divergent gene expression in the liver and gill tissue coincident with the arrival of contaminating

277 Transcriptomic profiling of gill tissue from fish transferred to SW plus or minus th

278 Using RNAseq of threespine stickleback fish gill tissue from four independent marine-freshwater ecot

279 Once charged, hepatopancreas and gill tissues from oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were e

280 deethylase (EROD) activity in both liver and gill tissues.

281 our small RNA libraries constructed from the gill tissues.

282 zymes that are selectively translocated from gill to gut.

283 In contrast, we found hagfish gills to be associated with a tremendous capacity for ac

284 The gill transcript levels of genes involved in the transpor

285 ter parameters was evaluated with respect to gill uptake and partition coefficients in zebrafish.

286 chemical test concentrations; (ii) different gill uptake rate constant calculations (k(1)); (iii) pro

287 a need for a robust and validated model for gill uptake that could be used in a tiered risk assessme

288 d dissolved oxygen concentration (regulating gill ventilation).

289 irst physiological function of the ancestral gill was acid-base regulation, and that the gill was lat

290 gill was acid-base regulation, and that the gill was later co-opted for its central role in gas exch

291 The gill was the main target organ where immature and mature

292 ion for the first time demonstrated that the gill was the most important route in Hg(II) elimination

293 other statistical models, including Andersen-Gill, Wei-Lin-Weissfeld (Li and Lagakos modification), b

294 transcriptional signature of light organ and gill were more alike, the impact of symbiosis was most p

295 rive from endoderm [9-12], while gnathostome gills were classically thought to derive from ectoderm [

296 ly, the majority of the CCR7(+) cells in the gills were not myeloid cells and did not express membran

297 As and Se) from the ambient habitat in their gills whereas those from sites with oxic substrata conce

298 CCR7(+) cells significantly decreased in the gills while significantly increased in head kidney.

299 itive 'neuroepithelial cells' (NECs) of fish gills, whose embryonic origin is unknown.

300 to 21 days following inspiration across the gill, with uptake significantly higher into the posterio