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1 rocyte-restricted glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase).
2 ression of the beta-catenin surrogate target glutamine synthetase.
3 eraction between GlnR and feedback-inhibited glutamine synthetase.
4 ding was not activated by feedback-inhibited glutamine synthetase.
5 This constitutive repression did not require glutamine synthetase.
6 tection of the early glial markers GLAST and glutamine synthetase.
7 was the specific activity of the key enzyme, glutamine synthetase.
8 was most easily studied in strains that lack glutamine synthetase.
9 amate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase, and glutamine synthetase.
10 and the second also had a partially impaired glutamine synthetase.
11 of TnrA is required for the interaction with glutamine synthetase.
12 o regulate the AmtB ammonium transporter and glutamine synthetase.
13 es of mutants that altered the regulation by glutamine synthetase.
14 e site to bring about feedback inhibition of glutamine synthetase.
15 ystem, a putative formate transporter, and a glutamine synthetase.
16 effects on the catalytic characteristics of glutamine synthetase.
17 e acid-labile substrates such as apyrase and glutamine synthetase.
18 were labeled with GFAP and Muller cells with glutamine synthetase.
19 response, including the ammonia-assimilating glutamine synthetase.
20 ression was confirmed by colocalization with glutamine synthetase.
21 ied with antibodies directed against S100 or glutamine synthetase.
22 an inactive complex with feedback-inhibited glutamine synthetase.
23 through a protein- protein interaction with glutamine synthetase.
24 tic properties similar to those of wild-type glutamine synthetase.
25 amma polypeptide of the native and denatured glutamine synthetase.
26 t for normal posttranslational regulation of glutamine synthetase.
27 ll maturation markers carbonic anhydrase and glutamine synthetase.
28 tive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase.
29 is inhibitor than a representative mammalian glutamine synthetase.
30 ogen-regulated promoters and the activity of glutamine synthetase.
31 enases, respectively; and (iv) GLN1 encoding glutamine synthetase.
32 y histology and expression of the HCC marker glutamine synthetase.
33 her and express markers, including Glast and glutamine synthetase.
34 ease in the Wnt pathway targets cyclin-D1 or glutamine synthetase.
35 ctive astrocytes downregulated expression of glutamine synthetase.
36 o decreased the association between GFAP and glutamine synthetase.
37 h bears significant similarity with GSI-type glutamine synthetases.
39 a bona fide plastid transit peptide from the glutamine synthetase 2 gene does not restore DMI1 functi
40 atis bacteria expressing the M. tuberculosis glutamine synthetase A (glnA) gene or open reading frame
41 er but had only a minimal effect on cellular glutamine synthetase, a finding consistent with failure
43 in phosphorylated STAT3 was colocalized with glutamine synthetase, a Muller cell marker, by immunocyt
45 The corresponding antigens were derived from glutamine synthetase, a transitional endoplasmic reticul
46 te synthase, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, glutamine synthetases, a protein (LIM17) that has been i
47 treatment led to a deficiency in hippocampal glutamine synthetase activity by 82-97% versus saline.
48 glnA1 expression, suggesting that decreased glutamine synthetase activity contributes to glutamate a
49 rotein, was stable only in a strain in which glutamine synthetase activity is not inhibited by NH(4)(
50 cDNA is reported as well as the finding that glutamine synthetase activity is present in liver but no
51 growth in MN medium is apparently due to low glutamine synthetase activity, because a DeltaglnD strai
52 n of Tyr-397 is central to the regulation of glutamine synthetase activity, via esterification of the
56 gulating the activities of the PII receptors glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase (ATase) and the
57 ability of PII to control the activities of glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase (ATase) but did
59 ith similar AMP-transferring enzymes such as glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase or kanamycin nu
60 tion of several transcripts, including XDH1, glutamine synthetase, alanine aminotransferase, catalase
62 colytic enzyme; HSP72, a stress protein; and glutamine synthetase, an excitotoxicity-related protein.
63 or that controls TnrA activity, a complex of glutamine synthetase and a feedback inhibitor, such as g
64 bition of caspases-3 and -11 also attenuated glutamine synthetase and fibroblast growth factor-2 expr
65 h zVAD significantly attenuated increases in glutamine synthetase and fibroblast growth factor-2 in t
66 luding stellate morphology and expression of glutamine synthetase and fibroblast growth factor-2.
68 ler cell changes in culture included loss of glutamine synthetase and GFAP, with coincident gains in
71 Finally, our results reveal that two genes, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase, which poten
72 ve and glutamate-induced injury and restored glutamine synthetase and glutamate transporter expressio
73 his was enhanced by inhibition of astrocytic glutamine synthetase and reversed or prevented by exogen
75 n and inactivation of glial-related enzymes (glutamine synthetase and the glutamate transporter) know
76 cooperative binding sets the basal level for glutamine synthetase and the regulators of the Ntr respo
77 fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, glutamine synthetase, and alpha smooth muscle actin (alp
80 e, an energy-requiring reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase, and found that at pH 7, constituti
81 acid residues in bovine serum albumin (BSA), glutamine synthetase, and insulin in the presence of a m
83 r cells mature in stages: HNK-1 labeling and glutamine synthetase arise earlier than carbonic anhydra
84 t of BDQ-mediated killing, identifying Mtb's glutamine synthetase as a collateral, rather than direct
85 ess nitrogen, the feedback-inhibited form of glutamine synthetase binds to TnrA and blocks DNA bindin
87 ons, residual inhibition lost sensitivity to glutamine synthetase blockade, whereas exogenous glutami
88 ransferase (ATase) regulates the activity of glutamine synthetase by adenylylation and deadenylylatio
90 nal enhancers, the hyperosmotic induction of glutamine synthetase by intron 1 is position dependent.
92 hypothesis that a deficiency in hippocampal glutamine synthetase causes recurrent seizures, even in
93 created a novel animal model of hippocampal glutamine synthetase deficiency by continuous (approxima
95 2, SAG19, MT1 (metallothionein), and Atgsr2 (glutamine synthetase), did not show enhanced transcript
96 ort here that the feedback-inhibited form of glutamine synthetase directly interacts with TnrA and bl
97 ibrates across the cytoplasmic membrane, and glutamine synthetase does not manifest an isotope effect
98 Five mutants containing feedback-resistant glutamine synthetases (E65G, S66P, M68I, H195Y, and P318
99 probably correlated with high expression of glutamine synthetase, enzymes utilizing nitrite/nitrate,
100 ular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP), glutamine synthetase, epidermal growth factor receptor (
101 00beta, and CD44, but low immunostaining for glutamine synthetase, excitatory amino-acid transporter
102 mistry was used to study the distribution of glutamine synthetase, expressed by Muller cells, and zon
105 athogenic mycobacteria, all of which release glutamine synthetase extracellularly, but had no effect
109 own with excess nitrogen, feedback-inhibited glutamine synthetase forms a protein-protein complex wit
110 own with excess nitrogen, feedback-inhibited glutamine synthetase forms a protein-protein complex wit
111 f the beta and gamma subunit polypeptides of glutamine synthetase from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) r
114 High-level expression was achieved using the Glutamine Synthetase Gene Amplification System, and the
115 e show that the upstream enhancer of the rat glutamine synthetase gene is also active, specifically i
116 assay for open reading frame 1 (ORF1) of the glutamine synthetase gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was a
122 ixation (nif) gene transcription occurs, and glutamine synthetase (glnA) gene transcription falls to
124 roteins (bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1, glutamine synthetase [GLNA], laminin subunit beta-2, lys
130 ipal glutamate and GABA-metabolizing enzymes glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alpha-ket
131 enteric bacteria consists of three enzymes: glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and gl
132 pression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, glutamine synthetase, glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), aq
133 at both the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase cycles are linke
135 as the nitrogen is scavenged by the urea and glutamine synthetase/glutamine 2-oxoglutarate aminotrans
136 s, which was identified as soybean cytosolic glutamine synthetase GS(1)beta1 by mass spectrometry.
137 to a single monomer of the protein substrate glutamine synthetase (GS(m)), as well as that of unligan
138 s the first step in that recovery, we report glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in highly purified Ar
139 roxynitrite to modify amino acid residues in glutamine synthetase (GS) and BSA is greatly influenced
140 e in Wnt-1, beta-catenin, and known targets, glutamine synthetase (GS) and cyclin-D1, along with a co
141 ression of the ammonium-assimilating enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (G
142 of ammonia through the concerted activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT)
143 r cells and subsequently in the promotion of glutamine synthetase (GS) and L-Glutamate/L-Aspartate Tr
146 nit binds directly to the astrocytic protein glutamine synthetase (GS) and that this interaction dete
148 se brings about the short-term regulation of glutamine synthetase (GS) by catalyzing the adenylylatio
153 into glutamate, and the counteracting enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) cause disturbed glutamate home
154 , which is deactivated by feedback-inhibited glutamine synthetase (GS) during nitrogen excess and sta
155 ruminicola 23 genome encodes three different glutamine synthetase (GS) enzymes: glutamine synthetase
157 reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), and glutamine synthetase (GS) from leaves of diploid barley
159 We present the first cloning and study of glutamine synthetase (GS) genes in wheat (Triticum aesti
160 ure of PA5508 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a glutamine synthetase (GS) homologue, has been determined
161 genetic analyses suggest that genes encoding glutamine synthetase (GS) III in the prasinophytes evolv
162 ere correlated with changes in expression in glutamine synthetase (GS) in astrocyte-like glia and in
164 This study focuses on the mechanism of how glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibits TnrA function in resp
170 non-native conformations, such as denatured glutamine synthetase (GS) monomers, preventing their agg
175 ) show that p300/CBP-mediated acetylation of glutamine synthetase (GS) triggers recognition by the CR
176 T KO mice protein expression and activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) were unaffected, whereas the a
177 by conversion of pericentral vein-juxtaposed glutamine synthetase (GS)(-) hepatocytes into GS(+) hepa
179 s we detected homology between gamma-GCS and glutamine synthetase (GS), allowing these proteins to be
181 he feasibility of inhibiting M. tuberculosis glutamine synthetase (GS), an enzyme that plays a key ro
183 on were assessed by anti-cytokeratin-7, anti-glutamine synthetase (GS), anti-cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2
185 expressed constitutively in mutants lacking glutamine synthetase (GS), GS is required for repression
186 d up-regulation of beta-catenin targets like glutamine synthetase (GS), leukocyte cell-derived chemot
187 that gamma-GCS is a structural homologue of glutamine synthetase (GS), providing the basis to build
189 s glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS), the bipolar cell marker prote
191 The enzymatic activity of Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase (GS), which catalyzes the synthesis
201 Specifically, coexpression of CD44/Vim and glutamine synthetase (GS)/VGLUT1 reflects glial speciali
203 etabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH] and glutamine synthetase [GS]), axonal damage (SMI 32) and C
204 ivation (tyrosine aminotransferase, TAT, and glutamine synthetase, GS) and transrepression (IL-6).
205 generally mirror the response of cytoplasmic glutamine synthetase (Gs1) transcript abundance to chang
206 chloroplast by a chloroplastic isoenzyme of glutamine synthetase (GS2), the predominant GS isoform i
208 o experiments showed that feedback-inhibited glutamine synthetase had a significantly reduced ability
211 dition of PS-ODNs against the transcripts of glutamine synthetase I (glnA1) and alanine racemase (alr
212 different glutamine synthetase (GS) enzymes: glutamine synthetase I (GSI) (ORF02151), GSIII-1 (ORF014
216 Muller cell morphology was different and glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity was reduced in the
218 -sulfoximine rapidly inhibited extracellular glutamine synthetase in a concentration-dependent manner
222 sed levels of glutamate decarboxylase-65 and glutamine synthetase in PFC; reduced fractional anisotro
226 an inhibitory effect on the inactivation of glutamine synthetase in the thiol metal-catalyzed oxidat
227 the preferential localization of the enzyme, glutamine synthetase, in pericentral hepatocytes, where
232 nted here demonstrate that rapamycin and the glutamine synthetase inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine (
233 In normal islets, methionine sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, suppressed insulin relea
234 eport that local application of glutamate or glutamine synthetase inhibitors induces astrocytic relea
236 this study, we investigated the influence of glutamine synthetase inhibitors on the growth of pathoge
237 the feedback inhibitors necessary to convert glutamine synthetase into its feedback-inhibited form an
241 orted that the glutamate-metabolizing enzyme glutamine synthetase is deficient in the hippocampus in
243 e O. mossambicus OmB cell line revealed that glutamine synthetase is transcriptionally regulated by h
244 One major extracellular protein, the enzyme glutamine synthetase, is of particular interest because
249 needed to define the cause, but the loss of glutamine synthetase may provide a new focus for therape
250 temporal sclerosis, and that restoration of glutamine synthetase may represent a novel approach to t
251 egulons include those for nitrogen fixation, glutamine synthetase, (methyl)ammonia transport, the reg
253 We find that pharmacological inhibitors of glutamine synthetase or system A transporters cause an a
254 revealed a 34% increase in the expression of glutamine synthetase (p<0.05) with unchanged metallothio
255 stic foci throughout the hepatic lobule were glutamine synthetase-positive, suggestive of a pericentr
256 methylammonium to gamma-N-methylglutamine by glutamine synthetase precludes its use in assessing conc
257 te plus ammonium, because feedback-inhibited glutamine synthetase (product of glnA) binds to TnrA and
259 nd TnrA proteins is not known, the wild-type glutamine synthetase protein is required for the transdu
262 feedback-inhibited form of Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase regulates the activity of the TnrA
263 odel in which the feedback-inhibited form of glutamine synthetase regulates TnrA activity in vivo.
264 study we show that hyperosmotic induction of glutamine synthetase represents a prominent part of this
265 presence or absence of MSX, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, resulting in a block of Glu/Gln sy
268 r retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) and glutamine synthetase showed that the GFP-expressing cell
270 reticulin, alteration of normal perivenular glutamine synthetase staining (absent or diffuse), and v
271 , because a DeltaglnD strain with an altered glutamine synthetase that cannot be adenylylated can gro
273 -protein interaction with feedback-inhibited glutamine synthetase that stabilizes GlnR-DNA complexes.
274 he alsS gene), acidifying the growth medium, glutamine synthetase (the glnA gene), and two surfactin
275 how they conjointly modulate the activity of glutamine synthetase, the key enzyme for nitrogen assimi
276 Elevated Mn(II) reduces the sensitivity of glutamine synthetase to feedback inhibitors, and we sugg
280 eterotetrameric sarcosine oxidase (SoxA) and glutamine synthetase type III (GSIII) respectively.
282 nrA at the gltAB promoter was antagonized by glutamine synthetase under certain growth conditions.
293 dulin, solute carrier family 1 member 2, and glutamine synthetase) were identified in a phenotype-dep
294 d by expression of immunoreactive Kir4.1 and glutamine synthetase, were closely associated with neuro
295 regulates the AmtB ammonium transporter and glutamine synthetase, which controls the rate of glutama
296 bears a similarity to the mechanism used by glutamine synthetase, which may point to an ancient link
297 rapidly inactivated purified M. tuberculosis glutamine synthetase, which was 100-fold more sensitive
299 In this study, we inhibited the activity of glutamine synthetase with methionine-sulfoximine (MSO) a