ライフサイエンスコーパス: glycine betaine

1 ed using a completely excluded solute (e.g., glycine betaine).

2 ity for uptake of choline than for uptake of glycine betaine.

3 and responds by importing osmolytes such as glycine betaine.

4 tobacco plants engineered to convert Cho to glycine betaine.

5 tation, or by the osmoprotectants choline or glycine betaine.

6 ursor of intracellular choline-O-sulfate and glycine betaine.

7 presence of the osmoprotectants choline and glycine betaine.

8 a the route choline --> betaine aldehyde --> glycine betaine.

9 choline for synthesizing the osmoprotective glycine betaine.

10 e external addition of the compatible solute glycine betaine.

11 in the presence and absence of the osmolyte, glycine betaine.

12 homologs, was up-regulated during growth on glycine betaine.

13 eans to carry out corrinoid methylation with glycine betaine.

14 predicted importer of the compatible solute glycine betaine.

15 nt role as a precursor of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine.

16 ession was induced by the activator GbdR and glycine betaine.

17 failure to accumulate the compatible solute glycine betaine.

18 horylcholine degradation products, including glycine betaine.

19 oprotection from exogenous choline than from glycine betaine.

20 alyses the conversion of betaine aldehyde to glycine-betaine.

21 la: see text] is proportional to m3 both for glycine betaine (0-0.9 m) and for urea (0-1.6 m).

22 sine [0.11 (0.03, 0.19)], legume intake with glycine betaine [0.21 (0.02, 0.40)] and vegetable intake

23 when compared with the normal group included glycine betaine (9-fold), citric acid (2.8-fold), kynure

24 xidase catalyzes the oxidation of choline to glycine betaine, a compatible solute that accumulates in

25 ato OpuC transporter had a high affinity for glycine betaine, a low affinity for choline, and a broad

26 Clamp association is also promoted by glycine betaine, a zwitterionic compound that accumulate

27 H mRNA expression, leaf water relations, and glycine betaine accumulation were investigated in leaves

28 oth transcriptomes included some involved in glycine betaine accumulation, mscL, ure genes, femH, spa

29 their expression coincided with the observed glycine betaine accumulation.

30 d osmotic homeostasis reestablishment due to glycine betaine accumulation.

31 yzes the committing step in the synthesis of glycine betaine, an osmoprotectant accumulated by many p

32 or synthesis and transport, respectively, of glycine betaine, an osmoprotectant used during osmotic s

33 red in low-phosphate (2 mM) medium contained glycine betaine and 1.5-fold more choline-O-sulfate than

34 ty and eliminated the accumulation of [(14)C]glycine betaine and [(14)C]choline-O-sulfate in high-osm

35 -Burk plots indicated a Km of 4.4 microM for glycine betaine and a Vmax of 700 pmol/min x mg of prote

36 ough the rapid biosynthesis of predominantly glycine betaine and an increased root-to-shoot ratio to

37 rely on reductive cleavage of osmoprotectant glycine betaine and are engaged in trophic cooperation.

38 ioned as the primary or sole transporter for glycine betaine and as one of multiple transporters for

39 I is inhibited by small zwitterions, such as glycine betaine and beta-alanine.

40 umulation of compatible solutes, among which glycine betaine and carnitine are the preferred solutes

41 Although the OsmU system can take up glycine betaine and choline-O-sulfate, these two osmopro

42 The recombinant DSY3156 protein converts glycine betaine and cob(I)alamin to dimethylglycine and

43 ding domains (SBDs) to capture extracellular glycine betaine and deliver the substrate to the transme

44 ated that import of osmoprotectants, such as glycine betaine and ectoine, is the primary mechanism us

45 sess efficient pathways for the synthesis of glycine betaine and for the potential development of dru

46 (Cho) is the precursor of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine and is itself an essential nutrient for

47 Results indicate biostimulants containing glycine betaine and kelp (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract e

48 Additionally, PDX increased the levels of glycine betaine and L-carnitine in plasma samples, which

49 that one-carbon metabolism, associated with glycine betaine and L-carnitine, and bile acid and trypt

50 Steady-state kinetic studies showed that glycine betaine and PEG400 significantly reduced the K(M

51 2DM condition, and the urinary elevations in glycine betaine and pipecolic acid (as well as proline)

52 ccumulation of urea, glycine, sarcosine, and glycine betaine and removes the minimum in T(m) with gly

53 avelength absorbance spectroscopy in aqueous glycine betaine and urea solutions.

54 Therefore, the pre-harvest application of glycine-betaine and A. nodosum can be a good alternative

55 Glycine-betaine and A. nodosum treated cherries presente

56 rehalose], E. coli osmoprotectants (proline, glycine betaine), and also glycerol and trimethylamine N

57 an integral membrane transporter of proline, glycine betaine, and other osmoprotecting compounds, is

58 ve amino acids (glycine, alanine, sarcosine, glycine betaine, and proline), and urea.

59 an integral membrane transporter of proline, glycine betaine, and several other osmoprotecting compou

60 osmolytes, including sorbitol, myo-inositol, glycine betaine, and taurine.

61 However, glycine, sarcosine, and glycine betaine are not necessarily locally accumulated

62 Trimethyl-amines (GPC and glycine-betaine) are characterized by strong hard-sphere

63 Two osmolytes, proline and glycine-betaine, are then shown to recharge the surface

64 g proteins, if general, justifies the use of glycine betaine as a thermodynamic probe of the changes

65 K(+) concentrations the organism switches to glycine betaine as its major osmoprotectant.

66 ocal accumulation of glycine, sarcosine, and glycine betaine at single strands relative to double-str

67 hylene glycol, urea, glycine, sarcosine, and glycine betaine at the single-stranded DNA surface expos

68 atalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from glycine betaine (Bet) to homocysteine (Hcy) to form dime

69 Glycine betaine (betaine) has the highest cellular osmop

70 led on the crystallographic structure of the glycine betaine-binding protein ProX of Archaeoglobus fu

71 tential development of drugs that target the glycine betaine biosynthetic pathway in human pathogens.

72 ut genus- and species-specific production of glycine betaine, by plants.

73 Under stress conditions, if glycine betaine cannot be imported, Salmonella enterica

74 The glycine betaine carrier BetP from Corynebacterium glutam

75 ate content, total protein content, proline, glycine-betaine, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b charac

76 r pre-harvest application of salicylic acid, glycine-betaine complex and seaweed extract (Ascophyllum

77 To our knowledge, DSY3156 is the first glycine betaine:corrinoid methyltransferase described, a

78 dings demonstrate that the oxidative choline-glycine betaine degradation pathway can operate in a ful

79 upon transfer to a choline-based medium, the glycine betaine derived from choline taken up by BetT1 a

80 ssed no detectable demethylase activity with glycine betaine, dimethyl glycine, methylmercaptopropion

81 lation of organic compatible solutes such as glycine betaine does not perturb the functioning of cyto

82 ing choline, acetylcholine, L-carnitine, and glycine betaine effectively.The choline-binding protein

83 incorporation efficiency; the osmoprotectant glycine betaine eliminated this effect.

84 r osmotically regulated systems, addition of glycine betaine enhanced the osmotic induction of cps::l

85 Many bacteria can accumulate glycine betaine for osmoprotection and catabolize it as

86 es the four-electron oxidation of choline to glycine betaine, forming betaine aldehyde as an enzyme-b

87 For glycine betaine [formula: see text] = -49 +/- 4, a value

88 n of several protective genes, including the glycine betaine/gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter (BGT

89 d the biophysical basis of osmoprotection by glycine betaine (GB) and the roles of cytoplasmic osmoly

90 Interactions of the solutes glycine betaine (GB) and urea with mononucleosomal calf

91 Glycine betaine (GB) is one of the key compatible solute

92 lain the large, opposite effects of urea and glycine betaine (GB) on stability of folded proteins and

93 glutamate (KGlu)] and of the excluded solute glycine betaine (GB) on the binding thermodynamics at 20

94 Here, we use the small solutes urea and glycine betaine (GB) to probe the extent and type of sur

95 the interactions of the remarkable osmolyte glycine betaine (GB) with molecular surfaces in water.

96 een two broadly used small solutes, urea and glycine betaine (GB), and a triglycine peptide, which is

97 Two PC catabolites, choline and glycine betaine (GB), were sufficient to stimulate Anr a

98 ne aldehyde (BAL) forming the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (GB), which confers tolerance to osmotic

99 Glycine betaine (GB), which occurs freely in the environ

100 on of low-molecular-weight osmolytes such as glycine betaine (GB).

101 e host-derived quaternary amines choline and glycine betaine (GB).

102 Here, by challenging the current paradigm of glycine betaine (GBT) catabolism, we have identified a u

103 However, the osmolyte glycine betaine (GBT) was enriched in the oxycline and S

104 1062, have extraordinarily high affinity for glycine betaine (GBT), with half-saturation (K (s) ) val

105 tial for the rapid uptake of choline but not glycine betaine (GBT).

106 Other common osmolytes (glycine betaine, glutamate, and proline) were not accumu

107 Certain plants produce glycine betaine (GlyBet) in the chloroplast by a two-ste

108 se in the chloroplast accumulate very little glycine betaine (GlyBet) unless supplied with choline (C

109 a(mu1),(mu3)/m(bulk)3 decreases in the order glycine betaine >> proline >TMAO > trehalose approximate

110 In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, glycine betaine has additional roles as a nutrient sourc

111 Accumulation of glycine betaine has been found to be important in the or

112 t, baseline levels of betaine, also known as glycine betaine (hazard ratio 0.84 per SD log metabolite

113 role in choline biosynthesis and maintaining glycine betaine homeostasis in fungi.

114 in the oligopeptide importer (oppABCDF) and glycine betaine importer (gbuABC) allowed DeltadacA muta

115 The compatible solutes proline and glycine betaine improved growth of the wild-type and the

116 rotectant transport systems is stimulated by glycine betaine in high-osmolarity media, suggesting tha

117 endogenous Cho supply limits accumulation of glycine betaine in transgenic tobacco plants engineered

118 pH profiles for glycine betaine inhibition, the deprotonation of the N(3

119 As with double-helical DNA, glycine betaine interacts more strongly with the surface

120 is of interest because organisms accumulate glycine betaine intracellularly in response to stress co

121 hores and artificial gradients indicate that glycine betaine is cotransported with sodium ion.

122 induction of plcH and pchP transcription by glycine betaine is mediated by GbdR, an AraC family tran

123 The enzymatic oxidation of choline to glycine betaine is of interest because organisms accumul

124 taine suggested that the cytoplasmic pool of glycine betaine is regulated in P. aeruginosa.

125 In plants glycine betaine is synthesized by the two-step oxidation

126 The ability to synthesize and accumulate glycine betaine is wide-spread among angiosperms and is

127 ansporter of the osmoprotectants proline and glycine betaine, is controlled from two promoters, P1 an

128 of the osmoprotecting compounds proline and glycine betaine, is expressed from two promoters.

129 ress is to import compatible solutes such as glycine betaine, leading to simultaneous passive water f

130 In response to water deficit, glycine betaine levels increased 26-fold and proline lev

131 Eleven additives (trehalose, glycine betaine, mannitol, L-Arginine, potassium citrate

132 erforms both de novo synthesis and uptake of glycine betaine, matching the biosynthesis and transport

133 Because choline and glycine betaine may serve as carbon and energy sources i

134 (Kd ) in the nanomolar range for choline and glycine betaine, micromolar Kd for stachydrine and trigo

135 Paradoxically, glycine betaine (N,N,N-trimethyl glycine; GB) in vivo is

136 interactions of urea and the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine; GB) with the su

137 A parallel analysis indicates that glycine betaine [N,N,N-trimethylglycine (GB)] can be use

138 line, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, glycine betaine, N-methylproline, proline betaine (stach

139 ase at 30 degrees C revealed K(m) values for glycine betaine of 1.2 and 2.9 microM with V(max) values

140 nations for the opposite effects of urea and glycine betaine on protein stability, as well as deducti

141 e show that LuxR activates expression of the glycine betaine operon betIBA-proXWV, which enhances gro

142 Glycine Betaine Optical Sensor (GBOS), a genetically-enc

143 to induce plcH and pchP in media containing glycine betaine or choline and in phosphatidylcholine-ri

144 ed proXVWZ, annotated as encoding a putative glycine betaine or proline transporter.

145 466D lost the ability to form complexes with glycine betaine or sulfite.

146 erum albumin (BSA) with two smaller solutes (glycine betaine or urea) in aqueous solution are charact

147 ) concentration (~10 mM) at which the KCl to glycine betaine osmoprotectant switch in H. halophila oc

148 al dimethylglycine oxidase, an enzyme of the glycine betaine pathway and a homolog of the T-protein.

149 The choline-glycine betaine pathway plays an important role in bacte

150 nthesis of glycine betaine via an engineered glycine betaine pathway.

151 Connecting quorum-sensing and glycine betaine pathways presumably enables V. harveyi t

152 high concentrations of potassium glutamate, glycine betaine, PEGs, and PVA substantially stimulated

153 genes cells in which the putative ATP-driven glycine betaine permease glycine betaine porter II (Gbu)

154 Depletion of either the choline or glycine betaine pool reduced phospholipase production, a

155 of conditions, in contrast to the transient glycine betaine pool reported for most bacteria.

156 Depletion of the glycine betaine pool, but not the choline pool, inhibite

157 ginosa and other pseudomonads that, with the glycine betaine pool, regulates osmoprotection and phosp

158 to experimentally manipulate the choline and glycine betaine pools by overexpression of the cognate c

159 hat P. aeruginosa maintains both choline and glycine betaine pools under a variety of conditions, in

160 sodium-driven glycine betaine uptake system (glycine betaine porter I), uptake in this vesicle system

161 putative ATP-driven glycine betaine permease glycine betaine porter II (Gbu) is functional.

162 informatic analysis indicates this NRPS-like glycine betaine reductase is highly conserved and widesp

163 strain in media containing 0.7 M NaCl, while glycine-betaine restores growth to wild-type levels.

164 The subsequent uptake of glycine betaine returns SH3 to the stability observed wi

165 posure to oil increased several metabolites (glycine, betaine, serine and methionine) that are essent

166 l(R), and KelpXpress(TM) [active ingredients glycine betaine, silicon, and kelp (Ascophyllum nodosum)

167 This porter appears to be specific for glycine betaine, since neither proline, carnitine, nor c

168 Glycine betaine stabilizes the pseudoknot tertiary struc

169 of S. meliloti towards betonicine, choline, glycine betaine, stachydrine and trigonelline.

170 The multiple functions for glycine betaine suggested that the cytoplasmic pool of g

171 nd in stressed plants for choline to support glycine betaine synthesis.

172 ted deletion, which abolished the ability of glycine betaine to alleviate the inhibitory effect of hi

173 ng two sequential two-electron reductions of glycine betaine to choline.

174 t oligopeptides act as osmolytes, similar to glycine betaine, to disrupt intracellular osmotic pressu

175 ed mutations were in opuD, encoding the main glycine-betaine transporter, and alsT, encoding a predic

176 Results showed that glycine betaine, trigonelline, proline betaine, N(epsilo

177 better osmoprotection from choline than from glycine betaine, unlike most bacteria that have been cha

178 case for the L. monocytogenes sodium-driven glycine betaine uptake system (glycine betaine porter I)

179 in the accumulation of the compatible solute glycine betaine, ure genes of the urease operon, and msc

180 ol led to a 30-fold increase in synthesis of glycine betaine via an engineered glycine betaine pathwa

181 Plants synthesize the osmoprotectant glycine betaine via the route choline --> betaine aldehy

182 es the four-electron oxidation of choline to glycine betaine via two sequential FAD-dependent reactio

183 ort of the osmoprotectant and cryoprotectant glycine betaine was investigated in membrane vesicles of

184 Using uptake experiments with (14) C-glycine betaine, we discovered that two strains of SAR11

185 d cytoplasmic solutes, choline-O-sulfate and glycine betaine, were found in mycelial extracts, sugges

186 ion conferred to P. syringae by choline over glycine betaine when these compounds were provided at hi

187 gh-osmolarity medium with the osmoprotectant glycine betaine, which reduces the cytoplasmic K(+) pool

188 -step, four-electron oxidation of choline to glycine betaine with betaine aldehyde as enzyme-associat

189 D. hafniense was found capable of growth on glycine betaine with electron acceptors such as nitrate

190 indicates that the extent of interaction of glycine betaine with the surface area exposed upon RNA u

191 xidase catalyzes the oxidation of choline to glycine betaine with transient formation of an aldehyde

192 ctron, flavin-linked oxidation of choline to glycine betaine with transient formation of an enzyme-bo

193 es the four-electron oxidation of choline to glycine betaine, with betaine aldehyde as an intermediat

194 es the flavin-linked oxidation of choline to glycine betaine, with betaine aldehyde as intermediate a

195 es the four-electron oxidation of choline to glycine betaine, with molecular oxygen acting as primary