ライフサイエンスコーパス: granule cell

1 ely, and impact the activity of ensembles of granule cells.

2 bility is insufficient inhibition of dentate granule cells.

3 ptic GABA(A) receptor currents in cerebellar granule cells.

4 sting hyperpolarization (LLH) in hippocampal granule cells.

5 quence, reduces the neuronal activity of the granule cells.

6 nosynaptic excitatory connections with other granule cells.

7 al and tufted projection neurons, and 5T4 in granule cells.

8 ynaptic function in Ptchd1-deficient dentate granule cells.

9 te normal dendritic spine density on dentate granule cells.

10 of excitation and inhibition onto individual granule cells.

11 l responses of both maturing and established granule cells.

12 rarely "inherited" place fields from single granule cells.

13 changed following COX10 removal from dentate granule cells.

14 tion of excitatory synapses in dentate gyrus granule cells.

15 on-induced activation of hippocampal dentate granule cells.

16 but rather to all synapses formed by dentate granule cells.

17 essed as a percentage of the total number of granule cells.

18 important for regulating activity of dentate granule cells.

19 close interaction in cultures of cerebellar granule cells.

20 fore movement initiation), mainly within the granule cells.

21 bitory neurotransmission measured in dentate granule cells.

22 syt2-immunoreactive boutons, PV boutons, and granule cells.

23 oreactive (PV) interneurons strongly inhibit granule cells.

24 CX(+)) ABGCs as well as DCX(-) dentate gyrus granule cells 2 weeks after a stroke or sham operation i

25 ABA is a key regulator of adult-born dentate granule cell (abDGC) maturation so mapping the functiona

26 ied by the integration of adult-born dentate granule cells (abDGCs).

27 tion and network incorporation of adult-born granule cells (ABGCs) after ischemia is unclear.

28 Young adult-born granule cells (abGCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) have a p

29 ed the functional life history of adult-born granule cells (abGCs) in the olfactory bulb using multip

30 normal functional development of adult-born granule cells (abGCs) in the olfactory bulb.

31 young (developing) but not mature adult-born-granule-cells (abGCs) in the olfactory bulb.

32 learning progressed, two-thirds of monitored granule cells acquired a conditional response whose timi

33 In epileptic mice, sparse granule cell activation could be restored by glutamine a

34 Glutamine had no effect on granule cell activation earlier, during epilepsy develop

35 psy development, and significantly increased granule cell activation in both control and chronically

36 Granule cell activity covaried trial by trial to form a

37 expected rewards elicited markedly different granule cell activity despite identical stimuli and lick

38 which reduces aggression in mice, reduced DG granule cell activity during resident-intruder interacti

39 ikes to repetitive theta-frequency cycles of granule cell activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Long-term s

40 ion potential firing in postsynaptic dentate granule cells after single light pulses.

41 ntate's principal signalling population, the granule cells' aggregate excitability has the potential

42 es posit that a large, diverse population of granule cells allows for highly detailed representations

43 in the distribution of resident and newborn granule cells along the dorso-ventral axis, division pat

44 Mature granule cells also contributed to functional mossy fiber

45 the proteomic profiles of different layers (granule cell and molecular), as well as different region

46 By targeting Pten in cerebellar granule cells and activating the AKT1-mTOR pathway, we i

47 ore than 40 lipid species from dentate gyrus granule cells and CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocamp

48 t computational mechanisms: sparse coding in granule cells and changes in firing field locations in m

49 hR2 demonstrated robust EPSCs in ipsilateral granule cells and enhanced the effects of perforant path

50 when cultured with mouse cerebellar glia and granule cells and fired large calcium currents, measured

51 rtners, which in turn regulate production of granule cells and interneurons via the amount of sonic h

52 tor, promotes the postnatal survival of both granule cells and molecular layer interneurons (basket a

53 Our findings suggest that the granule cells and mossy cells could be modulated separat

54 rophysiology-based classification of dentate granule cells and mossy cells in mice that we validated

55 ll-defined characteristics that can identify granule cells and mossy cells.

56 allel fiber (PF) terminals of the cerebellar granule cells and participates in synaptic plasticity, m

57 eceptor GluD2 mediate synaptogenesis between granule cells and Purkinje cells in the molecular layer

58 methods were used to estimate the number of granule cells and PV interneurons per dentate gyrus.

59 In both normal granule cells and the transformed human cerebellar granu

60 edicts that the dimensions of the cerebellar granule-cell and Drosophila Kenyon-cell representations

61 hilus of the dentate gyrus (with sparing of granule cells), and the entorhinal cortex.

62 resses synaptic transmission onto developing granule cells, and consequently also suppresses excitati

63 recursors, in proliferating and post-mitotic granule cells, and in Purkinje cells.

64 We separately analyzed mossy cells, granule cells, and pCA3 cells and found that all three c

65 Our results suggest that individual granule cells are able to influence relatively large gro

66 ent mixing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cerebellar granule cells are among the simplest neurons, with tiny

67 rocal connections, little is known about how granule cells are excited.

68 ests a role for the cerebellum in cognition, granule cells are known to encode only sensory and motor

69 atergic cell types, including mature dentate granule cells, area CA1-3 pyramidal cells and mossy cell

70 ce dendritic arborization of differentiating granule cells as a relevant step in eliciting this respo

71 ncrease or decrease the spike probability of granule cells as measured by noninvasive cell-attached r

72 altered short-term plasticity at synapses on granule cells, as well as anxiety-like behavior and a pa

73 amp recordings from retrovirally labeled new granule cells at 7-8 days post retroviral injection (dpi

74 Granule cells at the input layer of the cerebellum compr

75 ut appears to involve inhibition mediated by granule cells, axonless GABAergic interneurons.

76 numbers of PV- or syt2-positive boutons per granule cell between control and sclerotic hippocampi.

77 optogenetics, we demonstrate that adult-born granule cells born before SE form functional recurrent m

78 rmanently pulse-label age-defined cohorts of granule cells born either before or after pilocarpine-in

79 Interestingly, granule cells born shortly after SE did not form functio

80 mossy cell, forms an intricate circuit with granule cells, CA3c pyramidal cells, and local interneur

81 t TLR4 signaling in neurons augments dentate granule cell calcium-permeable alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-m

82 patial scale over which interneurons such as granule cells can affect principal cells is a critical s

83 emonstrate that targeted ablation of newborn granule cells can produce a striking improvement in dise

84 simple and compact morphology of cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) has led to the view that heterogene

85 have been repeatedly detected in cerebellar granule cells (CGCs), where they deliver exclusively ton

86 ng the effects of disturbances in cerebellar granule cell circuitry on gait and other aspects of loco

87 ies reported monosynaptically coupled mitral/granule cell connections and neither attempted to determ

88 l adult neurogenesis, and adult-born dentate granule cells contribute to the pathologic retrograde sp

89 lcium imaging in behaving mice, we show that granule cells convey information about the expectation o

90 d [GABA] onto nucleated patches from dentate granule cells demonstrated a deactivation rate of delta

91 hese results indicate that Tiam1 promotes DG granule cell dendrite and synapse stabilization late in

92 Notably, DG granule cell dendrites and synapses develop normally in

93 f hippocampal mossy fiber axons onto dentate granule cell dendrites creates a recurrent excitatory ne

94 Stress also significantly affected granule cell dendrites.

95 that Tiam1 promotes the stabilization of DG granule cell dendritic arbors, spines, and synapses, whe

96 ablish Tiam1 as an essential regulator of DG granule cell development, and identify it as a possible

97 We recorded populations of dentate gyrus granule cells (DG GCs) and lateral entorhinal cortex (LE

98 eizures.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Adult dentate granule cell (DGC) neurogenesis is altered in rodent mod

99 gion of the hippocampus give rise to dentate granule cells (DGCs) and astrocytes throughout life, a p

100 monosynaptic inputs onto adult-born dentate granule cells (DGCs) are altered in experimental mesial

101 Newborn dentate granule cells (DGCs) are continuously generated in the a

102 New dentate granule cells (DGCs) are continuously generated, and int

103 Newborn dentate granule cells (DGCs) are generated in the hippocampal de

104 t mice in which the vast majority of dentate granule cells (DGCs) fail to develop - including nearly

105 Most dentate granule cells (DGCs) generated in response to an epilept

106 Dentate granule cells (DGCs) have a single, complex, apical dend

107 triking morphological alterations in dentate granule cells (DGCs) of FTD patients and in a mouse mode

108 us (DG) of rodents generates newborn dentate granule cells (DGCs) throughout life.

109 The continuous addition of new dentate granule cells (DGCs), which is regulated exquisitely by

110 zed threshold K(+) currents in dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs) and CA1 pyramidal cells, the effec

111 iring properties of dentate mossy cells from granule cells during behavior.

112 ocking NRSF transiently after eFSE prevented granule cell dysmaturation, restored a functional balanc

113 tigate the functional properties of external granule cells (EGCs), a major class of interneurons in t

114 to study chemosensory tuning in AOB external granule cells (EGCs), interneurons hypothesized to broad

115 se-patch amplifier, we have recorded unitary granule cell EPSPs evoked in response to mitral cell act

116 Many neurons, including cerebellar granule cells, exhibit a tonic GABA current mediated by

117 Granule cells exhibited sparse firing, had a single plac

118 Sclerotic hippocampi contained fewer granule cells, fewer PV interneurons, and fewer PV synap

119 tacellular recording techniques, showed that granule cells fired very sparsely, whereas mossy cells i

120 ly bound output, (2) a wide dynamic range of granule cell firing and (3) transient and coherent gatin

121 g the transverse axis, powerfully regulating granule cell firing by imposing inhibition during a spec

122 result of decreased competition with mature granule cells for synaptic inputs.

123 DG granule cells, which compete with mature granule cells for synaptic integration.

124 mined the properties of the primary input to granule cells for the first time and show that these con

125 annels, suggesting that action potentials in granule cells function to coordinate GABA release at rel

126 the dentate gyrus (DG) control formation of granule cell (GC) assemblies during memory acquisition.

127 he profile of short-term plasticity (STP) at granule cell (GC)-MLI synapses.

128 Nearly simultaneous signaling to both granule cells (GC) and local interneurons (INs) engages

129 itic synapses with large spines on GABAergic granule cells (GC), where unitary release of glutamate c

130 h two examples, identified mouse hippocampal granule cells (GCs) and cholinergic basal forebrain neur

131 spatially segregated GABAergic interneurons, granule cells (GCs) and glomerular interneurons in mice

132 he role of upstream inputs to PCs-excitatory granule cells (GCs) and inhibitory molecular layer inter

133 te DG afferents and simultaneously record DG granule cells (GCs) and interneurons.

134 he dentate gyrus receive inputs from dentate granule cells (GCs) and project back to GCs locally, con

135 interactions between mitral cells (MCs) and granule cells (GCs) can generate synchronized oscillatio

136 lian olfactory bulb, the inhibitory axonless granule cells (GCs) feature reciprocal synapses that int

137 Cerebellar granule cells (GCs) make up the majority of all neurons

138 ia toxin-based ablation of >50% of mature DG granule cells (GCs) or by prolonged brain-specific VEGF

139 vel, highly detailed active model of dentate granule cells (GCs) replicating a wide palette of experi

140 tively target and control the activity of DG granule cells (GCs) while performing whole-cell and juxt

141 en perforant path (PP) afferents and dentate granule cells (GCs), a circuit involved in memory encodi

142 By contrast, interneurons, such as GABAergic granule cells (GCs), integrate across multiple channels

143 es GABAergic inhibition mediated by axonless granule cells (GCs), the most abundant interneuron in th

144 s to result from interactions with GABAergic granule cells (GCs), yet the incidence of MC-GC connecti

145 hologies is massive hyperexcitability in the granule cells, generating both increased seizure suscept

146 c neuronal progenitors as well as cerebellar granule cells give rise to MBG3 with their distinct grow

147 ere, we shift attention onto the mossy fiber granule cell (GrC) relay.

148 Cerebellar granule cells (GrCs) constitute over half of all neurons

149 Granule cells (GrCs) sample approximately four mossy fib

150 via the pons to a vast number of cerebellar granule cells (GrCs), forming a fundamental pathway.

151 eveal that sprouted synapses from adult-born granule cells have a diminished ability to sustain recur

152 stoma subgroup transcriptionally mirrors the granule cell hierarchy as expected, while group 3 medull

153 ide extrusion as a mechanism contributing to granule cell hyperactivation specifically during early e

154 Acutely reducing dorsal granule cell hyperactivity in chronically epileptic mice

155 Furthermore, recreating granule cell hyperexcitability in control mice via excit

156 ined whether normalizing epilepsy-associated granule cell hyperexcitability-without correcting the un

157 y mitral cells (MCs) and inhibitory internal granule cells (IGCs), but the physiological mechanisms a

158 eptors causing first winner keeps winning of granule cells, illustrate how fundamental properties of

159 epileptic dentate gyrus excessively recruits granule cells in behavioural contexts, not just during s

160 revealed that very young, one-week-old, new granule cells in male C57Bl/6 mice receive input not onl

161 in of mitochondria, from hippocampal dentate granule cells in mice does not affect low-frequency dent

162 2-photon time-lapse imaging of SP-transgenic granule cells in mouse organotypic tissue cultures we fo

163 While the role of granule cells in the circuitry and computations of the h

164 endrocytes, striatal neurons, and cerebellar granule cells in the context of altered microtubule dyna

165 ent-intruder interactions strongly activated granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG).

166 Granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus ar

167 , increases D1 receptor expression in mature granule cells in the dentate gyrus.

168 tic parameters of doublecortin-positive, new granule cells in the hippocampus, but that this accelera

169 rebellar granule cell precursors and dentate granule cells in the hippocampus.

170 ynamic dispersion of newly generated dentate granule cells in the neurogenic zone is a required devel

171 hich form abundant synaptic projections onto granule cells in the olfactory bulb (OB), express the sy

172 s are significantly more active than dentate granule cells in vivo, exhibit spatial tuning during hea

173 modulating tonic inhibition in dentate gyrus granule cells, in a process involving crosstalk between

174 le is known about the active conductances in granule cells including where action potentials originat

175 ty of surviving synapses but suggest reduced granule cell inhibition in TLE is not attributable to an

176 recordings to show that selective tuning of granule cell inputs and bidirectional tuning of interneu

177 requirement likely enables the sparse mitral/granule cell interconnections to develop highly odor-spe

178 ogenesis continually supplies new inhibitory granule cells into existing circuitry, we isolated the d

179 t essential for the integration of surviving granule cells into the excitatory circuit, it is require

180 of predictive, non-sensorimotor encoding in granule cells is a major departure from the current unde

181 ance through glycine receptors of cerebellar granule cells is a yet undiscovered element of the bipha

182 ur knowledge, that the population of dentate granule cells is disconnected from other regions of the

183 Aberrant integration of newborn hippocampal granule cells is hypothesized to contribute to the devel

184 ic input, the facilitating cortical input to granule cells is more powerful and less variable.

185 e most common local interneuron subtype, the granule cell, is excited during odor processing beyond t

186 , the reciprocal spine of the olfactory bulb granule cell, is known to feature a special processing m

187 ds CA1-4, the dentate gyrus (DG) including a granule cell layer (GCL) and a molecular layer (ML) that

188 Combinatorial expansion by the cerebellar granule cell layer (GCL) is fundamental to theories of c

189 cerebellum and brainstem revealed a reduced granule cell layer and a reduction in size of pontine nu

190 ) was used to transcriptomically profile the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG-GCL) in huma

191 the deficiency of adult neurogenesis in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus and rescues hipp

192 role of preproglucagon (PPG) neurons in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb.

193 constructing an integrate-and-fire model of granule cell layer population activity, we find that the

194 nctional role not continuously, but when the granule cell layer starts receiving a high amount of exc

195 Recent evidence suggests that granule cell layer synaptic integration can be contextua

196 we investigate the role of ACh in regulating granule cell layer synaptic integration in male rats and

197 rter 2 and neurofilament H indicate that the granule cell layer was composed of two sublamina.

198 field inhibitory interneuron observed in the granule cell layer, are well suited to perform normaliza

199 GABAergic interneurons in or adjacent to the granule cell layer, but not with the loss of parvalbumin

200 provide the sole source of inhibition to the granule cell layer, express both nicotinic and muscarini

201 aGeo) mice modulates H3ac and H3K4me3 in the granule cell layer, with concomitant rescue of both the

202 rogeny migrate inwardly to form the internal granule cell layer.

203 combinatorial and temporal diversity in the granule cell layer.

204 first stage of this processing occurs in the granule cell layer.

205 rough the sublamination of the molecular and granule cell layers, which is not observed in the domest

206 e cells and the transformed human cerebellar granule cell line DAOY, OGR1 promoted expression of the

207 cally active glycine receptors of cerebellar granule cells make a significant impact on action potent

208 Granule cells mediate interglomerular lateral inhibition

209 originating in the glomerular layer, but not granule-cell-mediated inhibition, reduces MC spike laten

210 bGCs exert monosynaptic inhibition of mature granule cells (mGCs) through group II metabotropic gluta

211 containing channels that promote transformed granule cell migration.

212 yrus, seizures drive retrograde sprouting of granule cell mossy fiber axons.

213 ats and separately examined the responses of granule cells, mossy cells, and pCA3 pyramidal cells in

214 l methods were used to measure hilar ectopic granule cells, mossy cells, mossy fiber sprouting, astro

215 Although the granule cell-mossy cell synapse was strong and facilitat

216 ine an essential role for Brd4 in cerebellar granule cell neurogenesis and are critical for designing

217 ations associated with JCV infection include granule cell neuronopathy, encephalopathy, and meningiti

218 nced neurogenesis and neuronal activation of granule cell neurons (GCNs) in the DG and produced compu

219 s, it blocks dendritic outgrowth of immature granule cell neurons in the dentate molecular layer indu

220 itic spines in newly generated dentate gyrus granule cell neurons of the hippocampus after a clinical

221 ural stem cells that generate olfactory bulb granule cell neurons were electroporated with SLC7A5 or

222 dendrites of hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 and granule cell neurons, effects that were also observed in

223 Furthermore, new dentate granule cell number, morphology and excitatory synaptic

224 s studied; however, standardization to total granule cell numbers indicated that the two groups of wi

225 nd decreased inhibitory synaptic inputs onto granule cells of Pafah1b1(+/-) mice.

226 syltransferase encoded by the COX10 gene, in granule cells of the adult dentate gyrus.

227 e DG contains two types of excitatory cells: granule cells of the granule layer and mossy cells of th

228 rcuit integration of newly-generated dentate granule cells of the hippocampus has been presumed to be

229 Moreover, deletion in granule cells of the OB of Bai3, a postsynaptic GPCR tha

230 At the core of this plasticity are the granule cells of the olfactory bulb, which integrate bot

231 for structural synapse formation in dentate granule cells or for Shh-dependent neuronal precursor pr

232 Tracking the same granule cells over several days of learning revealed tha

233 However, making the granule cells overly quiescent in both epileptic and con

234 Glycine receptors of cerebellar granule cells play their functional role not continuousl

235 n, but previous work suggests that GABAergic granule cells plays an important role, especially during

236 ependent eyeblink conditioning in mice, that granule cell populations acquire a dense representation

237 al, but not the production, of adult-born DG granule cells, possibly because of greater circuit integ

238 TR) is highly expressed in the proliferating granule cell precursors (GCPs) during development of the

239 press high levels of Ptchd1 mRNA: cerebellar granule cell precursors and dentate granule cells in the

240 We show that granule cell precursors can display a range of complex f

241 Overexpression of full length NeuroD1 within granule cell precursors does not abolish proliferation,

242 To do this, we electroporated granule cell precursors in chick with plasmids encoding

243 ated ZNHIT3 to be expressed in proliferating granule cell precursors, in proliferating and post-mitot

244 The EGL is comprised solely of granule cell precursors, whose progeny migrate inwardly

245 ed for the first time in normally developing granule cell precursors.

246 otein 2 (Jdp2) is expressed predominantly in granule cell progenitors (GCPs) in the cerebellum, as wa

247 shown that deletion of Chd7 from cerebellar granule cell progenitors (GCps) results in reduced GCp p

248 ells in the mammalian cerebellum, cerebellar granule cell progenitors (GCPs), we performed RNA-sequen

249 erebella indicate that aberrant migration of granule cell progenitors destined to form the posterior-

250 nstrate that following postnatal ablation of granule cell progenitors, Nestin-expressing progenitors,

251 ly expressed in the proliferating cerebellar granule cell progenitors, regulates the cell cycle of th

252 comparatively higher populations of residing granule cells, proliferating NSCs and BrdU+ neurons in t

253 Aberrant cortical granule cell proliferation and migration occurred, assoc

254 ollary discharge signals in mossy fibers and granule cells provide direct evidence for such matching.

255 over, we investigated the dentate gyrus (DG) granule cell reactivity and synaptic plasticity in naive

256 fically, it predicts that-after learning-the granule-cell receptive fields with respect to sensory an

257 demonstrated that chemogenetics can modulate granule cell recruitment via behaviourally relevant inpu

258 Some granule cells responded preferentially to reward or rewa

259 Initially, granule cells responded to neutral visual and somatosens

260 trate that ACh can modulate population-level granule cell responses by altering the ratios of excitat

261 tly, during differentiation of adult-born DG granule cells, Sema7A promotes dendrite growth, complexi

262 Our results show that granule cells show a greater flexibility in differentiat

263 IB2 KO granule cells showed a larger NMDA receptor-mediated cur

264 l eyeblink conditioning, and both global and granule-cell-specific CB1KOs display normal cerebellum-d

265 Finally, cerebellar granule-cell-specific CB1KOs exhibit normal eyeblink con

266 suggest that Tiam1 is a key regulator of DG granule cell stabilization and function within hippocamp

267 mossy cells, in contrast to sparse firing of granule cells, suggests differential involvement in patt

268 GABA(A) receptor subunit at the mossy fiber-granule cell synapse are perturbed, as well as the inner

269 can optimally induce STDP at the mossy fiber-granule cell synapse in rats.

270 eptor synapse and the cerebellar mossy fiber-granule cell synapse, we find that ATRAP is involved in

271 Hz reliably induced STDP at the mossy fiber-granule cell synapse, with potentiation and depression s

272 For this the reciprocal nature of the granule cell synapses with the principal cells is essent

273 gnificant reduction in both tonic and evoked granule cell synaptic inhibition.

274 a second class of local excitatory inputs to granule cells that are more powerful than distal inputs

275 here is a permissive excitability window for granule cells that is necessary to support successful be

276 Granule cells, the most common interneuron in the olfact

277 tional recovery following acute depletion of granule cells, the most plentiful neuron population in t

278 related with the generation of hilar ectopic granule cells, the number of mossy cells, the extent of

279 We discovered that granule cells, the projection neurons of the dentate gyr

280 Principal cells interact with granule cells through reciprocal dendrodendritic connect

281 modeling of synaptic activity at cerebellar granule cell to Purkinje cell synapses of mice, we descr

282 bution of adult-born (abGC) and mature (mGC) granule cells to epileptiform network events remains unk

283 ly isolated delta receptors in mouse dentate granule cells to explore IPSCs.

284 and the specific contribution of adult-born granule cells to functional mossy fiber sprouting is unk

285 s would limit the contribution of adult-born granule cells to hippocampal hyperexcitability in the ep

286 fewer PV synaptic boutons, and the ratio of granule cells to PV interneurons was higher than in cont

287 prouted mossy fiber synapses from adult-born granule cells to study their synaptic properties.

288 lved in long term potentiation at cerebellar granule cell-to-Purkinje cell synapses.

289 s does not abolish proliferation, but biases granule cells towards precocious differentiation, alters

290 efficacy of perforant path transmission onto granule cells upon LFS.

291 marked activated mature hippocampal dentate granule cells using conditional Fos-TRAP mice.

292 ogenous AMPAR currents from mouse cerebellar granule cells, we have determined a likely presence of t

293 Many granule cells were also active during movements of nearb

294 s it restricts the survival of adult-born DG granule cells, which compete with mature granule cells f

295 Cerebellar granule cells, which constitute half the brain's neurons

296 l principal cells from strongly depolarizing granule cells, which likely discharge in response to eit

297 contains approximately 60 billion cerebellar granule cells, which outnumber all other brain neurons c

298 oxin to ablate peri-insult generated newborn granule cells, which were born in the weeks just before

299 using targeted optogenetic activation of DG granule cells while recording in whole-cell patch-clamp

300 deletion of Tiam1 in male mice results in DG granule cells with simplified dendritic arbors, reduced