ライフサイエンスコーパス: gray

1 tiple types, except PFC->PAG (periaqueductal gray).

2 tem, superior colliculus, and periaqueductal gray.

3 anterior cingulate cortex and periaqueductal gray.

4 ojections from the CeM to the periaqueductal gray, a key brain structure mediating fear-related freez

5 within ~65 y all Faroese hares became winter-gray, a morph that occurs in the source population at lo

6 ifornical hypothalamus (PeF), periaqueductal gray, amygdala and frontal cortex.

7 n circulation and is associated with smaller gray and white matter brain volume.

8 Specifically, we explore the ways in which gray and white matter develop throughout adolescence in

9 l cortex areas, hypothalamus, and cerebellar gray and white matter evolved rapidly in humans.

10 , and HFD-induced effects in microstructural gray and white matter integrity of optic tract, and soma

11 Abnormalities within frontal lobe gray and white matter of bipolar disorder (BD) patients

12 Parieto-occipital gray and white matter regions showed slower growth durin

13 Yet, to date, the shared vs. dissociated gray and white matter substrates of the math and reading

14 easurements of microstructural properties of gray and white matter tissue.

15 in brain structure (morphological changes of gray and white matter) and function (functional connecti

16 cular and televascular invasion through both gray and white matter.

17 erentially migrate along vasculature in both gray and white matter.

18 ippocampus, ventral midbrain, periaqueductal gray, and cerebral cortex.

19 dmission risk using bivariable Poisson, Fine-Gray, and log-binomial regression models.

20 sion risk using bivariable Poisson, Fine and Gray, and log-binomial regression models.

21 leus, the lateral part of the periaqueductal gray, and the medial vestibular nucleus that were also n

22 This example falls in the gray area of a clean single-crystal-to-single-crystal (S

23 is classical definition has left substantial gray areas in different aspects.

24 leus of the stria terminalis, periaqueductal gray, Barrington's nucleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, hindb

25 th Cox proportional hazards and the Fine and Gray competing risk regression models.

26 ) were calculated and modeled using Fine and Gray competing risk regression.

27 al hypothalamus is the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG), and stimulation of this structure also elic

28 urrounding nuclei such as the periaqueductal gray due to technological and methodological limitations

29 f BMP signaling in the lineage leads to hair graying due to a block in melanocyte maturation.

30 .9 x 10(6) neutron captures per RBE weighted Gray Equivalent dose (GyE) occurred within the Gd tumor

31 tative analyses showed that these "confident grays" exerted the greatest weight on group judgements a

32 s of nest predators in the study area (e.g., gray fox [Urocyon cinereoargenteus], raccoon [Procyon lo

33 ent and spatial memory (e.g., periaqueductal gray, hippocampus).

34 ST input to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray impaired consolidation, whereas neither manipulatio

35 ower Agouti expression in the skin of winter-gray individuals during the autumn molt suggests that re

36 The gray level run length matrix (GLRLM) whose entries are s

37 esions, 25 radiomics features related to the gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCOM), gray-level si

38 ntensity binning reduces correlation between gray-level co-occurrence matrix features after normaliza

39 intensity-based statistics (first-order) and gray-level co-occurrence matrix features were the most r

40 omogeneity radiomic feature belonging to the gray-level cooccurrence matrix category was -1.07 +/- 1.

41 ighborhood gray-level difference matrix, and gray-level cooccurrence matrix features were repeatable,

42 en extracted from VOI(40) Conclusion: Shape, gray-level cooccurrence matrix, and neighborhood gray-le

43 -level cooccurrence matrix, and neighborhood gray-level difference matrix radiomic features were cons

44 Shape, neighborhood gray-level difference matrix, and gray-level cooccurrenc

45 All gray-level emphasis and gray-level run emphasis features

46 , gray-level size zone matrices (GLSZM), and gray-level neighborhood difference matrices (GLNDM) were

47 Across all sequences, gray-level nonuniformity was the most frequently identif

48 All gray-level emphasis and gray-level run emphasis features showed poor repeatabili

49 atures were consistently repeatable, whereas gray-level run length matrix and gray-level zone length

50 In cine bSSFP, the gray-level run-length matrix was the most reproducible f

51 e gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCOM), gray-level size zone matrices (GLSZM), and gray-level ne

52 le, whereas gray-level run length matrix and gray-level zone length matrix features were highly varia

53 ensity discretization schemes with number of gray levels of 32, 64, 128, and 256, respectively.

54 or discretization schemes engaging number of gray levels of 32, 64, and 128 while GLCOM-based paramet

55 d out for discretization scheme engaging 256 gray levels.

56 ematic review of published peer-reviewed and gray literature analyzing the relation between changes i

57 We searched peer-reviewed and gray literature for articles reporting a measles correla

58 ducted manual searching of 10 journals, nine gray literature repositories, and forward and backward c

59 Gray literature searches and a manual review of referenc

60 Gray literature sources were searched through 2 November

61 BASE, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and the "gray literature" (conference proceedings) was performed

62 Manual searches of the gray literature, national pediatric society websites, an

63 ematic review of published peer-reviewed and gray literature; 2) retrospective quantitative data anal

64 hypothalamus (VMH) or lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG) drives escape behaviors, whereas activation

65 s significantly improved the segmentation of gray matter (chi-square x(2), p < 0.05) and demonstrated

66 5 years assessed via MRI (primary outcomes): gray matter (cortical thickness, surface area, hippocamp

67 sum, internal capsule, anterior commissure), gray matter (globus pallidus, thalamus), and cortices (c

68 d the relationship of cigarette smoking with gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in the UK Biobank

69 measures, including cerebral and cerebellar gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume, surface a

70 We examined gray matter (GM) changes in 34 T2DM and 88 control subje

71 s identified phenotype, cervical spinal cord gray matter (GM) cross-sectional area (CSA), lateral fun

72 n-induced damage in the lateral funiculi and gray matter (GM) in relapsing-remitting MS and GM atroph

73 the endpoint control of these contractions, gray matter (GM) integrity of the cerebellum, and diseas

74 This study aimed to evaluate overall gray matter (GM) volume changes after donepezil treatmen

75 Growth of total cerebral volume, gray matter (GM) volume, and white matter volume as well

76 adversely affected in the in the spinal cord gray matter (GM), and if so, whether it is because of an

77 min +/- 0.16) compared with normal-appearing gray matter (P < .001) and normal-appearing white matter

78 ith a higher percentage lesion extent in the gray matter (P < .001).

79 ffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) to describe gray matter abnormalities in ASD in vivo.

80 As a group, relatives exhibited gray matter abnormalities in left supramarginal gyrus, r

81 Subgroup analyses showed disorder-specific gray matter abnormalities in left thalamus and bilateral

82 h shared risk for SCZ, BD, and MDD, regional gray matter abnormalities in neocortex, thalamus, and st

83 srupted functional connectivity and abnormal gray matter anatomy in prefrontal areas.

84 whole-brain volumetric analysis on regional gray matter anatomy using voxel-based morphometry.

85 hroughout the cervical spinal cord white and gray matter and brain motor centers.

86 d for dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) gray matter and layer 3 and layer 5 pyramidal neurons of

87 Conclusion Iron concentration in the deep gray matter and neocortical regions was higher in patien

88 inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), whole-brain, gray matter and thalamic volumes in patients with and wi

89 artments were compared with normal-appearing gray matter and white matter by using Friedman test foll

90 participants with glioma, CMRO(2) values in gray matter and white matter volumes were compared by us

91 values were normalized using the cerebellar gray matter as a reference region.

92 lyses revealed reductions of whole brain and gray matter as well as hippocampal and basal ganglia vol

93 architecture shapes cortical and subcortical gray matter atrophy across a spectrum of neurological an

94 d strong evidence for human-like age-related gray matter atrophy in multiple regions of the chimpanze

95 lume of 15.4 cm(3) that did not overlap with gray matter atrophy occupying a volume of 16.9 cm(3).

96 ypotonia, epilepsy, polyneuropathy, cerebral gray matter atrophy), visual impairment, testicular dysg

97 ed into three primary meta-analytic classes: gray matter atrophy, increased function, and decreased f

98 etabolic rates of glucose (CMRGlc) values in gray matter calculated using the AIF and the IDIF.

99 MDD and naMCI did not have the same white or gray matter changes in the frontal-executive and cortico

100 Gray matter changes were prominent in posterior orbitofr

101 The gray matter CMRGlc values determined using these 2 input

102 CMRO(2) was higher in normal-appearing gray matter compared with white matter in both participa

103 umentation of the axonal pathways connecting gray matter components of the human brain has wide-rangi

104 d white matter microstructural integrity and gray matter cortical thickness/density differences betwe

105 rmine the relationship between the resulting gray matter covariation components and mutual eye gaze.

106 tic correlations between bout length and two gray matter covariation components.

107 ed source-based morphometry (SBM) to examine gray matter covariation in magnetic resonance imaging sc

108 ite matter glia damage may cause hippocampal gray matter damage during age-dependent limbic decline.

109 However, the importance of gray matter damage has become critical in understanding

110 ent knowledge of the mechanisms that lead to gray matter damage in MS is limited, because the most wi

111 T cell function in the pathogenesis of deep gray matter damage is necessary.

112 Drinkers exhibited accelerated gray matter decline in anterior lobules and vermis, acce

113 Few studies show regional gray matter decrease related to HF; however, the underly

114 as used to estimate cortical and subcortical gray matter deformation from T1-weighted magnetic resona

115 Gray matter deformation was estimated in a sample of 133

116 We identified localized patterns of gray matter density (GMD) changes that were largely conc

117 lation between HF biomarkers and the brain's gray matter density (GMD) obtained by magnetic resonance

118 Spatial patterns of gray matter differences in CD were significantly associa

119 Novel marker the white-gray matter diffusivity gradient demonstrated the highes

120 Results: The correlation between white and gray matter disappeared after partial-volume correction

121 ay important roles in human neurogenesis and gray matter expansion, the mechanisms of human oligodend

122 led equally, and the divisional hierarchy of gray matter follows a topographic arrangement used in BM

123 Single-subject gray matter graphs were extracted from structural MRI sc

124 Prominent gray matter hypoplasia was observed in medial frontal re

125 he lipidome composition of prefrontal cortex gray matter in 396 cognitively healthy individuals with

126 her clearing efficiency in white matter than gray matter in accordance with larger proton density inc

127 n performance was driven by parietooccipital gray matter in amyloid-positive patients versus predomin

128 While decreased gray matter in right cerebellum might be a common brain

129 ontine micturition center in the lumbosacral gray matter in the anti-Nogo-A antibody-treated animals,

130 l for controlling acute-stage poliomyelitis (gray matter inflammation), chronic axonal degeneration,

131 resence nor severity of infarct, subcortical gray matter injury, and microhemorrhage was associated w

132 t groups, mind wandering was associated with gray matter integrity in the hippocampus/parahippocampus

133 wever, there is emerging evidence supporting gray matter involvement and degeneration in MS.

134 sive retention of [(18)F]AV1451 at the white/gray matter junction in frontal, parietal, and temporal

135 l connections, is a thin, bilateral sheet of gray matter located between the insular cortex and the s

136 The spatially normalized gray matter masks were then visually inspected and quant

137 The frontolateral gray matter matured latest (right, 2.3 years; left, 2.4

138 of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have shown gray matter microstructural abnormalities, however, in v

139 normalities, however, in vivo examination of gray matter microstructure in ASD has remained scarce du

140 cant population, ~2.5% of the total cortical gray matter neurons that would be estimated for a primat

141 t lipid cacostasis occurs in the spinal cord gray matter of ALS patients.

142 ed structural brain alterations in white and gray matter of frontal-executive and corticolimbic circu

143 neuronal cell bodies in areas of the ventral gray matter of the spinal cord where anti-hnRNP A1 antib

144 22q11DS individuals showed thicker cortical gray matter overall (left/right hemispheres: Cohen's d =

145 godendrocytes and myelin sheaths in cortical gray matter profoundly alters neural activity and is ass

146 ysis in a mammal (rat) revealed that the 466 gray matter regions composing the right and left sides o

147 The 39 gray matter regions comprising the large dorsal thalamus

148 ible 49,062 macroconnections between the 222 gray matter regions forming the right and left halves of

149 here, the intrinsic connections among all 46 gray matter regions of the rat thalamus on each side of

150 re performed for 12 cortical and subcortical gray matter regions to assess the effect of brain iron o

151 circuitry were examined here at the level of gray matter regions using network analysis tools in a ma

152 In uninjured specimens, spinal gray matter regions were stiffer than white matter regio

153 3.2% (mean +/- SD across all subjects and 12 gray matter regions) SUV difference for (18)F-FDG (3.7%

154 Within the ARA ontology of gray matter regions, TH-ir neurons localized primarily t

155 In ASD participants, decreased kurtosis in gray matter ROIs correlated with increased repetitive an

156 ating that the correlation between white and gray matter signal in (18)F-flortaucipir is not solely d

157 tients with TD also correlated with a higher gray matter signal in deep limbic structures, as well as

158 ity during reward and emotion processing and gray matter structure in all cortical regions at baselin

159 onsistent markers related to ELT and PTSD on gray matter structure in trauma-exposed individuals.

160 noise ratio, enhanced visualization of white/gray matter structures in microstructural maps, improved

161 Background Deep gray matter structures in patients with Alzheimer diseas

162 ical areas and their layers, 329 subcortical gray matter structures, 81 fiber tracts, and 8 ventricul

163 us white matter fiber pathways linking these gray matter structures, namely, the uncinate fasciculus,

164 utamen and thalamus volumes, and evidence of gray matter thickening compared to the proband group wit

165 The CD group also had significantly less gray matter thickness and density in precuneus, relative

166 r marijuana in alcohol effects on cerebellar gray matter trajectories.

167 ss the effects of ketamine abuse on cerebral gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity (FC

168 However, the association between gray matter volume (GMV) and HCMV has never been examine

169 ns of interest (ROI) approach indicated that gray matter volume (GMV) and surface area (SA) in dorsol

170 n, and direction of sex differences of local gray matter volume (GMV) in the human brain.

171 1) highly consistent sex biases in regional gray matter volume (GMV) involving the cortex and classi

172 In analyses of gray matter volume (GMV) using T1-weighted MRI, GMV incr

173 Gray Matter Volume (GMV) was derived from magnetic reson

174 th brain mass, cortical thickness, white and gray matter volume and surface area.

175 from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and gray matter volume and tested their generalizability via

176 mponent differences are mediated by regional gray matter volume changes in both hemispheres of the fr

177 Furthermore, the gray matter volume differences mediated the association

178 We examined whether gray matter volume of three neural regions supporting fe

179 chronic illness, and the reduction in brain gray matter volume over the course of the illness.

180 ll as emotional trauma, which projected onto gray matter volume patterns in prefronto-cerebellar, lim

181 up (n = 21), we measured cortical thickness, gray matter volume, and white matter tract integrity (fr

182 results in decreased somatosensory cortical gray matter volume, indicating that the disease process

183 and functional properties of the FPN (i.e., gray matter volume, white matter fractional anisotropy,

184 ributable to degeneration in the whole-brain gray matter volume.

185 th smaller subcortical and cortical regional gray matter volumes (GMVs).

186 45-78 years), we examined aging of regional gray matter volumes (nodes) and white matter structural

187 Conclusion Neurodevelopmental scores and gray matter volumes at age 2 years did not differ betwee

188 as used to investigate global differences in gray matter volumes between relatives as a group versus

189 +/- 16 at 2 years, respectively; P = .05) or gray matter volumes between the neonatal SDH group and c

190 ainst the more pronounced changes in CSF and gray matter volumes observed in male rats due to superio

191 derived from no/low drinkers indicated that gray matter volumes of lobules V and VI, crus II, lobule

192 Between groups, white and gray matter volumes were affected differentially during

193 ose To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes, gray matter volumes, and MRI findings in asymptomatic ne

194 in data consisted of whole-brain voxel-based gray matter volumes, and the behavioral data included it

195 igher than a random model or models based on gray matter volumes, degree, strength, and clustering co

196 BD, and 3) the normalization effect of Li on gray matter volumes.

197 area, cortical thickness and total cortical gray matter volumes.

198 fined thalamic and hippocampal seeds and all gray matter voxels in the brain.

199 n reversal learning tasks, and its impact on gray matter was measured.

200 Decreased right cerebellar gray matter was the only abnormality common to relatives

201 ery in the stroke-denervated cervical spinal gray matter with a focus on promotors of axon growth thr

202 In DLPFC gray matter, 41% of mitochondrial-related genes were dif

203 umes of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), gray matter, and regional volumes of amygdala and hippoc

204 synapse degradation, and neuron loss in the gray matter, as well as ongoing axon injury in the white

205 g/kg) using the whole cerebellum, cerebellar gray matter, cerebellar white matter, pons, and subcorti

206 LTMs had less striatal gray matter, greater cortico-striatal-thalamic functiona

207 Thus, the stroke-denervated spinal gray matter, in particular its intermediate laminae, rep

208 that connect distant neurons in the cortical gray matter, the relationship between the volumes of the

209 s a chondroitinase-digested DREZ into spinal gray matter, where the regenerating axons form functiona

210 ted with structural differences in white and gray matter, which was most prominent in precuneus and a

211 ue types (i.e., cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), gray matter, white matter) were greater in old relative

212 a nonuniform spatial distribution across the gray matter.

213 , anterior olfactory nuclei, and spinal cord gray matter.

214 g distinctive connectivity of human temporal gray matter.

215 inst radially biased tension in the cortical gray matter.

216 terminate in different regions of the spinal gray matter.

217 A) exposure has been reported in subcortical gray matter.

218 cting the consequence of HF onto the brain's gray matter.

219 class of models emphasises the importance of gray matter: age and risk-related processes cause neurod

220 hazards modeling was used with the Fine and Gray method to account for competing mortality risk, and

221 on for cardiovascular death and the Fine and Gray method to ascertain the association between baselin

222 portional hazard and semiparametric Fine and Gray models, we evaluated the association between LGE an

223 Spray-applied NCR044 significantly reduced gray mold disease symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen

224 , receptor desensitization in periaqueductal gray, nor a super-sensitization of adenylyl cyclase in t

225 ted significantly elevated FW in whole-brain gray (p = .001) but not white matter (p = .060).

226 ith CED >=4,000 mg/m(2) and radiotherapy <40 Gray (P = 0.012).

227 nterior pretectal nucleus and periaqueductal gray (p<1.2x10(-4)).

228 The periaqueductal gray (PAG) in the midbrain is known to coordinate behavi

229 Neurons in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) integrate negative emotions with the autonomi

230 usal contributions of defined periaqueductal gray (PAG) neuronal populations in itch modulation in mi

231 vated the hypothesis that the periaqueductal gray (PAG) participates in behaviors that involve change

232 ulate neurons in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) that are transiently active in male mice when

233 ie upstream of neurons in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) that gate the production of ultrasonic vocali

234 the lateral and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (PAG), lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB), caudal p

235 te receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), the key area of endogenous pain modulation,

236 ental nucleus (RMTg), and the periaqueductal gray (PAG).

237 brain activity (including the periaqueductal gray-PAG) and PAG-amygdala connectivity.

238 Fuse and parabrachial nuclei, periaqueductal gray, pedunculopontine nucleus (PPT) and laterodorsal te

239 cus douglasii), valley oak (Quercus lobata), gray pine (Pinus sabiniana), and California juniper (Jun

240 Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare recessive disorde

241 phenotypic findings in 47 patients with the gray platelet syndrome (GPS), a rare recessive platelet

242 ventromedial hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray play distinct roles in the control of defensive beh

243 A interference-mediated knockdown of SOT1 in gray poplar (Populus x canescens) resulted in decreased

244 ing cumulative incidence curves and Fine and Gray proportional subdistribution hazards models.

245 lor morph in corn snakes is characterized by gray, rather than red, blotches on a pink, instead of or

246 e a need for regional conservation units for gray reef sharks and pinpoint the isolation and vulnerab

247 The BVN appeared as mottled gray regions on infrared reflectance imaging and were se

248 (+) neurons projecting to the periaqueductal gray revealed AT(2)R-eGFP(+) neuronal projections from t

249 in the cetuximab versus the cisplatin group (Gray's test P = .0036).

250 an assess tumor hypoxia coregistered with US gray-scale images.

251 overcomes some of the limitations of normal gray-scale OCTA.

252 aders blinded to pathologic diagnosis scored gray-scale US and optoacoustic US features of the known

253 clusion Combined optoacoustic US imaging and gray-scale US features may help distinguish luminal brea

254 mented and quantified based on comparison of gray-scale values in normal and fibrotic myocardium.

255 We show that gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) have the ability to matc

256 es the response to spinal cord injury in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica).

257 Hart LA, Phelan EA, Yi JY, Marcum ZA, Gray SL.

258 ack of saturated color, and absence of black/gray states and/or are impractical to integrate with act

259 Regions of interests were placed around deep gray structures on quantitative susceptibility mapping a

260 und in susceptibility and R2* values of deep gray structures to suggest retained iron in the brain be

261 ortional hazard and competing-risks Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard models.

262 the infection and was analysed with Fine and Gray survival regression models for competing risk by in

263 ality was 2.82 (95% CI: 1.74-4.56, P < .001, Gray test) with all VOD/SOS events.

264 estimated by using competing risk analysis (Gray test).

265 ovements of a demersal oceanic fish species (gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus; N = 30) before, dur

266 During storms, gray triggerfish movement and emigration rates were 100%

267 everal hare species revealed that the winter-gray variant originated through introgression from a non

268 alin-fixed boneless cords led to much higher gray versus white matter contrast and to microscale visu

269 The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and neighboring dorsal raphe (DR) are integ

270 The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) is proposed to mediate fear responses to im

271 jections to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), which contains diverse cell types.

272 ies were conducted from 2002-2017 during the gray whale foraging season off northeastern Sakhalin Isl

273 an ancient behavior within the humpback and gray whale lineages and that multiple Pleistocene popula

274 The western gray whale population is endangered with approximately 1

275 survey effort to all of December to document gray whale presence.

276 Evidence from live gray whale strandings suggests that their navigation may

277 ke by physically limiting the number of days gray whales can forage, and thus sea ice conditions may

278 d prolonged inter-birth intervals of western gray whales have also been documented to coincide with s

279 ojection to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, where the GABAergic contribution approached 50%.

280 ich slows from 3 to 5 years, and isocortical gray, which has a net decrease.

281 rast of MR images and, in turn, the apparent gray-white boundary.

282 predict that material heterogeneities at the gray-white interface lead to a highly nonuniform distrib

283 lar pattern of axonal damage adjacent to the gray-white interface.

284 est that the tissue property mismatch at the gray-white matter interface places axons crossing this r

285 hanical vulnerability of axons that span the gray-white tissue interface.

286 anian tiger, or thylacine, and the eutherian gray wolf are among the most widely recognized examples

287 e home-range establishment and kill rates of gray wolves (Canis lupus) are affected by the coexistenc

288 6,000 individual brown bears (Ursus arctos), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo).

289 is related to ancient Beringian and Russian gray wolves and her clade is basal to all living gray wo

290 For gray wolves in Wisconsin, USA, we evaluated how five cau

291 ong three well-studied populations of extant gray wolves that differed in prey:predator ratio and lev

292 wolves and her clade is basal to all living gray wolves.

293 Stress has long been associated with hair graying, yet there is little evidence to substantiate th

294 s with fractional flow reserve values in the gray zone (0.75-0.80) remains controversial due to confl

295 Given the variability of the gray zone among taxonomic groups, at least from our curr

296 omics with hybrid zone analyses to scale the gray zone of speciation, i.e., the evolutionary window s

297 This method reduced the "gray zone" (i.e., high-risk patients who had not died on

298 Exemplified gray zones include a radiographically intact patient wit

299 ation of ambiguities, and identification of "gray zones" where thoughtful application of the guidelin

300 mm above the annulus, could be integrated in gray zones.