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1 eleased Na(+) is large enough to accommodate guanidinium(+).
2 A)(2) (GA)Pb(2) I(7) (HA=n-hexylammonium, GA=guanidinium).
3 ate distances and restricted dynamics of the guanidinium.
4 the two groups, indicating a mixed guanidine/guanidinium.
6 absent in R160K EAL, which indicates that a guanidinium 14N of R160 interacts directly with the subs
7 Doing this we found that the extent to which guanidinium (a destabilizing Hofmeister cation), sulfate
10 ion was reduced by partial substitution with guanidinium, an ion which permeates the cyclic nucleotid
11 hich are generally superior to their uronium/guanidinium analogues and HOBt- or HODhbt-derived phosph
12 iting bacterial RNase P, we synthesized hexa-guanidinium and -lysyl conjugates of neomycin B and comp
13 eries of diaromatic symmetric and asymmetric guanidinium and 2-aminoimidazolinium derivatives, we rep
16 tabilized by the alternating ordering of the guanidinium and methylammonium cations in the interlayer
17 e NaChBac, ranging in sizes from ammonium to guanidinium and tetramethylammonium; and second, for bot
18 to minute changes in the disposition of the guanidinium and the size dependence of the hydrophobic b
19 rs with neutral thiourea, positively charged guanidinium, and thiouronium units that all formed Langm
20 effects, analysis of substrate (14)N-(15)N (guanidinium)-arginine exchange effects, and comparison w
21 The evolutionary conservation of an arginine guanidinium as a metal ligand suggests a novel role for
23 ivity of diribonucleoside to the presence of guanidinium-based catalysts compared to the more activat
26 catalysts (Co(NH(3))(6)(3+), Co(en)(3)(3+), guanidinium), but K(double dagger)(OH) >> K(NPP) for Mg(
28 Moreover, a short distance of 4.6 A from the guanidinium C(zeta) of the second Arg to (31)P indicates
30 sults show that tetrapropylammonium, but not guanidinium, can preferentially accumulate around aromat
31 ium adduct formed by attack of Cys406 on the guanidinium carbon of L-arginine followed by the elimina
34 topography, builds up from a combination of guanidinium-carboxylate hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stack
36 mers with different numbers and locations of guanidinium-carboxylate salt bridges were synthesized.
37 data highlight the operation of a guanidine-guanidinium catalytic dyad that can act both intermolecu
39 yl or alkyl esters) is able to influence the guanidinium-catalyzed hydrolysis changing the mechanism
40 ng activation of this mutant enzyme by added guanidinium cation (Gua(+)): 1 M Gua(+) stabilizes the t
41 sparagusic or, preferably, lipoic acid and a guanidinium cation polymerize into poly(disulfide)s in l
42 ic container molecule has been shown to bind guanidinium cations (blue) between the sulfonate groups
48 well established that low concentrations of guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) inhibit the ATPase activity
49 ons of chemical denaturants such as urea and guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) proteins expand to populate
50 r basis for protein denaturation by urea and guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) should accommodate the obse
52 kinetic thiol-labeling experiments, that the guanidinium chloride (GdmCl)-induced unfolding of RNase
58 mine unfolding intermediates associated with guanidinium chloride (GuHCl)-induced protein denaturatio
59 f gyration, 34-35 A, is unchanged from 0-6 M guanidinium chloride and from 20-90 degrees C at pH 2.5,
60 ybrids by denaturing pairs of enzymes in 1 M guanidinium chloride and renaturing them by removing the
61 he mechanism by which the aqueous cosolvents guanidinium chloride and urea denature proteins is a mat
62 een hydrophobic and ionic species in aqueous guanidinium chloride and urea solutions using molecular
63 turant concentrations varying from 1.5-6.0 M guanidinium chloride are in excellent agreement, with an
65 s identical for the two unfolded proteins at guanidinium chloride concentrations >3 M, and the FRET-d
67 the actual decrease is approximately 3 A on guanidinium chloride denaturant dilution from 7.5 to 1 M
69 The known folding rate of 20 s-1 at 1.5 M guanidinium chloride in 400 microM Zn2+ provides an uppe
70 are linearly dependent on concentrations of guanidinium chloride in the measurable range from 1.7 to
72 ations to investigate the effect of urea and guanidinium chloride on the structure of the intrinsical
74 ion, the 1H-15N HSQC spectrum taken at 1.5 M guanidinium chloride reveals that only the Rd-apocyt b56
75 interaction model we show that, in urea and guanidinium chloride solutions, unfolding of an unusuall
77 lowing transfer from a buffer containing 5 m guanidinium chloride to a buffer containing 0.5 m guanid
79 dinium chloride to a buffer containing 0.5 m guanidinium chloride were studied by measuring the time-
80 ce spectroscopy in varying concentrations of guanidinium chloride were used to extrapolate unfolding
82 due to the favorable association of urea or guanidinium chloride with the backbone of all residues a
83 Here, we use effects of denaturants (urea, guanidinium chloride) and temperature on folding and unf
84 reases linearly as [C] (the concentration of guanidinium chloride) increases with the slope, m, that
86 rant are four times larger than those in 6 M guanidinium chloride, indicating a decrease in the avera
87 d in 5% (w/v) perfluoro-octanoic acid or 6 M guanidinium chloride, inserts spontaneously and folds qu
88 spectroscopic techniques to examine whether guanidinium chloride, one of the most commonly used prot
96 ino or guanidino function indicated that the guanidinium compound showed the higher efficacy against
97 irst, we formed the LPD nanoparticles with a guanidinium-containing cationic lipid, i.e. N,N-disteary
98 inyl) aminoethyl ammonium chloride (DSAA), a guanidinium-containing cationic lipid, than with a commo
99 The shortest distance of 4.0 A, found for a guanidinium Czeta at the beta-turn, suggests N-H...O-P h
100 id phosphates indicate that both the Arg(10) guanidinium Czeta atom and the Lys(13) Cepsilon atom are
104 g K(+), and (ii) induction of pump-mediated, guanidinium-derivative-carried inward current at negativ
107 pic data do not differentiate the protonated guanidinium from the neutral guanidino group but suggest
108 he stacking interaction between the cationic guanidinium functionality of arginine and the indole rin
110 d complementary hydrogen bonding between the guanidinium (G) ions and the sulfonate (S) groups of TSP
111 I(3) QDs, which is dominated by the cationic guanidinium (GA(+) ) rather than the SCN(-) , maintainin
112 rmamidinium (FA), dimethylammonium (DMA), or guanidinium (GA), with a series of A-site cations varyin
113 ded protein states, the denaturants urea and guanidinium (Gdm(+)) accumulate at the surface of folded
114 te salts of tetrapropylammonium (TPA(+)) and guanidinium (Gdm(+)) on the conformational stabilities o
116 e performed to probe the mechanisms by which guanidinium (Gnd(+)) salts influence the stability of th
117 A cone-calix[4]arene derivative, featuring a guanidinium group and a Cu(II) ion ligated to a 1,4,7-tr
120 uorophore lowers the pK(a) of the side-chain guanidinium group by several orders of magnitude, to 9.0
122 from the first-generation GPNAs in that the guanidinium group is installed at the gamma- instead of
123 in can retain substantial disorder while the guanidinium group maintains its salt bridges; thus, the
124 acking, this pocket has been filled with the guanidinium group of an arginine from a neighboring mole
125 and the primary specificity pocket, and the guanidinium group of Arg-187 penetrates the protein core
128 group of the bound lysine side chain and the guanidinium group of arginine both make multiple hydroge
129 ucleophilic attack on the carbon atom of the guanidinium group of arginine, and His-278, which serves
132 for the enhancing ability of DAFP-1 and the guanidinium group of the arginine residue is important f
134 ectrostatic interaction observed between the guanidinium group of the essential arginine and the carb
135 pothesized that the bound positively charged guanidinium group of the L-arginine substrate further st
136 RF1) bound to histone H3 peptides, where the guanidinium group of unmodified R2 forms an extensive in
137 tramolecular hydrogen atom transfer from the guanidinium group onto the amide group is not observed.
138 3 is not due to the interactions of the R84 guanidinium group or the W89 indole ring with the substr
139 e generation is exquisitely sensitive to the guanidinium group spacing when the phosphate groups are
140 stabilized in the His432Arg structure by the guanidinium group that also restricts the access of nucl
141 nique hydration properties of the side chain guanidinium group which facilitates its movement through
143 monoester forms a salt bridge with the Arg95 guanidinium group, thereby weakening RNase III engagemen
144 rong cationic resonance stabilization of the guanidinium group, with the nonprotonated group also sta
146 This mechanism unveils the essential role of guanidinium groups and two universal cell components: fa
148 al anion-exchange membrane (AEM), containing guanidinium groups as the anion-exchanging sites (Gu-100
150 presence of the stacking element next to the guanidinium groups causes a decrease in the number of ho
151 he strength of hydrophobic interactions, and guanidinium groups eliminate measurable hydrophobic inte
152 ditional structural features imparted by the guanidinium groups facilitate fast and reversible H2 add
153 of a competition between the phosphoryl and guanidinium groups for the same lone pair on the bridgin
156 interactions between the positively charged guanidinium groups of Arg534 and Arg536 and a P1 moiety
157 the number and spatial relationships of the guanidinium groups on delivery and organelle/organ local
158 sphate interactions exist in penetratin, and guanidinium groups play a stronger structural role than
159 e were found with MCF-7 cells when up to six guanidinium groups were positioned on the polyproline he
160 the ammonium groups have been converted into guanidinium groups, can carry large (>300 kDa) bioactive
161 contact with the cell exterior interact with guanidinium groups, leading to a transient membrane chan
165 e general formula [Am]Mn(H2POO)3, where Am = guanidinium (GUA), formamidinium (FA), imidazolium, tria
167 e, we have synthesized three self-exfoliated guanidinium halide based ionic covalent organic nanoshee
171 h a Trp59-heme distance close to that of the guanidinium hydrochloride (GdnHCl) denatured state is pr
173 ely indistinguishable from that populated in guanidinium hydrochloride solutions, suggesting that the
175 hat folding of reduced cytochrome c from the guanidinium hydrochloride-induced unfolded ensemble in d
178 Our results support a role for urea and guanidinium in assisting in the solvation of nonpolar su
179 equilibrium transitions upon titration with guanidinium, in addition to the major refolding event.
180 ease TOF and may engage in an intramolecular guanidinium interaction that assists in H2 activation, w
185 The compounds were inhibitors of [(14)C]guanidinium ion flux in rat forebrain synaptosomes and d
186 nge is triggered by the binding of a ligand (guanidinium ion) to a site that in the wild-type protein
187 269A mutant GPDH-catalyzed reaction by 1.0 M guanidinium ion, and the transition state for the reacti
190 -Fc fusion proteins treated with acid, urea, guanidinium, ionic detergents, acrylamide, and thiol- an
191 nd cooperatively bound to 5 molecules of the guanidinium ionophore, suggesting hydrogen-bond-directed
192 D) hydrogen-bonding network of complementary guanidinium ions (G) and sulfonate moieties (S), the so-
194 s such as ureas, thioureas, squaramides, and guanidinium ions enjoy widespread use as effective catal
195 This phosphate-mediated translocation of guanidinium ions may underlie the activity of other Arg-
196 nism by which chiral arylpyrrole-substituted guanidinium ions promote the Claisen rearrangement of O-
198 ring and indicate a bimodal hydration of the guanidinium ions, with the N-H groups making well-ordere
200 , Alkaline Method, Urea Method, Salt Method, Guanidinium Isothiocyanate (GuSCN) Method, Wizard Method
202 displayed a much larger affinity than other guanidinium-like derivatives from the same series with c
203 jugated C horizontal lineN double bounds and guanidinium-like structures were found to be resistant t
204 here the synthesis of NHA analogues bearing guanidinium methyl or ethyl substitutions and their inve
206 zed through a Mitsunobu reaction between the guanidinium mimetics and the corresponding central templ
208 of the protein, facilitate placement of the guanidinium moieties near polar groups or bulk water.
210 ctions through increased surface area of the guanidinium moiety and greater delocalization of positiv
211 g(70) assumes a multivalent role through its guanidinium moiety interacting with all active site enzy
214 structures of three variants showing how the guanidinium moiety of the Arg side chain is effectively
215 ay structures deviates from the plane of the guanidinium moiety substantially, indicating that the OH
216 e original hapten design, in which a charged guanidinium moiety was strategically used to elicit an a
219 itrogen geometry, different from that of the guanidinium N(omega) nitrogen of l-arginine, allows a hy
220 o kinds of hexagonal molecular tiles, a tris(guanidinium)nitrate cluster and a hexa(4-sulfonatophenyl
222 provide evidence that in S. cerevisiae Cdc3 guanidinium occupies the site of a 'missing' Arg side ch
223 te complex bound to two catalytic sites, the guanidinium of betaR(337) is within 2.9 A of the alpha-o
226 cal hexagonal phases reported previously for guanidinium organomonosulfonate inclusion compounds, but
228 nation that relies on a versatile toolkit of guanidinium organosulfonate hydrogen-bonded host framewo
230 cond Arg to (31)P indicates the existence of guanidinium phosphate hydrogen bonding and salt bridges.
231 ular import of penetratin, which may involve guanidinium-phosphate complexation between the peptide a
232 ng force for this toroidal pore formation is guanidinium-phosphate complexation, where the cationic A
233 alt bridge interaction was revealed by short guanidinium-phosphate distances and restricted dynamics
234 These solid-state NMR data indicate that guanidinium-phosphate interactions exist in penetratin,
235 nd aliphatic side chains above and below the guanidinium plane while hydrogen bonding with polar side
239 lculations were carried out to determine the guanidinium promoted activation energy of pseudorotation
242 phosphate binding to the double alkyl chain guanidinium receptor, whereas surface pressure isotherm
246 thesized the first members of a new class of guanidinium-rich amphipathic oligocarbonates that noncov
247 troduces a new and highly effective class of guanidinium-rich cell-penetrating transporters and metho
248 a fluorophore-labeled octaarginine (a model guanidinium-rich CPP) and compared with the correspondin
250 describe a general molecular method based on guanidinium-rich molecular transporters (GR-MoTrs) for b
253 uperior in cell uptake to previously studied guanidinium-rich oligocarbonates and oligoarginines, sho
254 ter cells, outperforming previously reported guanidinium-rich oligocarbonates and peptide transporter
255 ive cell-penetrating molecular transporters, guanidinium-rich oligophosphoesters, are described.
257 ulfide-exchange polymerization, we show that guanidinium-rich siCPDs grow on fluorescent substrates w
258 relaxation primarily reflects persistence of guanidinium salt bridges and correlates well with simula
260 hoice of the anion of an achiral TBD-derived guanidinium salt, used as cocatalyst for proline, allows
262 helps explain the circumstances under which guanidinium salts can act as powerful and versatile prot
265 determine how solutes such as urea, sugars, guanidinium salts, and trimethylamine N-oxide affect the
267 ericidal activity appears not to require the guanidinium side chain of Arg at those two positions.
270 rate that (1) synergy between catecholic and guanidinium side chains similarly promotes adhesion, (2)
273 rby arginine residue (R48) participates in a guanidinium stacking interaction with R28 from the other
274 lly loops 4 and 5), thereby allowing diverse guanidinium substrates to be accommodated for catalysis.
275 als based on hydrogen-bonded two-dimensional guanidinium-sulfonate (GS) networks is demonstrated by u
276 teract with the zwitterionic, trisubstituted guanidinium sweeteners as well as TES, specific differen
277 zene moiety, one threoninol terminal and one guanidinium terminal) molecules are introduced into the
278 ism by which the common electrolyte additive guanidinium thiocyanate (GdmSCN) improves efficiency in
280 letely removed by 3min injections of biotin, guanidinium thiocyanate, pepsin, and SDS, which makes it
281 xtraction with an acidic solution containing guanidinium thiocyanate, sodium acetate, phenol and chlo
283 cotinamide, imidazolium, benzimidazolium and guanidinium threading components, and macrocyclic isopht
286 chirality and functional groups adjacent to guanidiniums to modulate specificity and affinity in rec
289 y relationship (SAR) study involving the bis-guanidinium toxin saxitoxin (STX), modified saxitoxins,
290 critical role in high-affinity block by the guanidinium toxin tetrodotoxin, primarily due to an elec
292 a ligated metal ion (Cu(II), Zn(II)) with a guanidinium unit connected by a 1,2-vicinal calix[4]aren
294 the side arm over the three nitrogens in the guanidinium unit results in electrochemical behavior sim
295 H3)(2+), decorated at the upper rim with two guanidinium units and a phenolic hydroxyl in an ABAH fun
296 ormation and functionalized with two to four guanidinium units at the upper rim were synthesized and
298 ents, finding that the nature of the cation (guanidinium vs 2-aminoimidazolinium) significantly influ
300 hydrogen-bond-directed interactions of each guanidinium with a few of 10 negatively charged sulfo or