ライフサイエンスコーパス: halogenation

1 e of the electrophile on the C(sp(2))-H bond halogenation.

2 igands for enantioselective copper-catalyzed halogenation.

3 tituents at the 4-position via lithiation or halogenation.

4 ond and serves as a precatalyst for C-H bond halogenation.

5 ion of a site-differentiated V(III) ion upon halogenation.

6 and bringing about myeloperoxidase-catalysed halogenation.

7 nce of HCl also affords mostly (65%) nuclear halogenation.

8 as an attractive biocatalyst for catalyzing halogenation.

9 , methylation, and glycosylation, but rarely halogenation.

10 complex reacts with carbon radicals to give halogenation.

11 ly promising biocatalysts for regioselective halogenation.

12 f AetF as catalyst for alkene and alkyne C-H halogenation.

13 atom transfer (XAT) that allows for mild C-H halogenation.

14 , finding that additions of oxidant enhanced halogenation.

15 cities for relevant ingredients to influence halogenation.

16 ng the Mannich reaction with a base-mediated halogenation.

17 modified by oxidative phenolic couplings and halogenations.

18 o classical Hunsdiecker-type decarboxylative halogenations.

19 enation of non-native substrates makes their halogenation a challenge to achieve.

20 HX1 was a mixed-type inhibitor of the halogenation activity of MPO with respect to both hydrog

21 Enantiofacial halogenation additions to the C=C double bonds of precur

22 Upon beta C-H halogenation, aminocyclization, and reductive cleavage,

23 o reveal the occurrence of irreversible ring halogenation and an increase in carboxylic groups, the l

24 s for expanding plant chemodiversity through halogenation and azidation biochemistry.

25 microbial MIA platform, we document de novo halogenation and biosynthesis of chloroalstonine.

26 yl, alpha to carbonyl), ring size, and alpha-halogenation and cyanation.

27 details the scope and mechanism of nature's halogenation and dehalogenation enzymatic strategies, hi

28 e presence of genera known to be involved in halogenation and dehalogenation processes such as Bradyr

29 n these aromatic cores allowed for efficient halogenation and further functionalization.

30 established as the critical intermediates in halogenation and halofunctionalization of alkenes.

31 Halogenation and nitration of biomolecules have been pro

32 assisted palladium(II)-catalyzed C(sp(2))8-H halogenation and nitration of substituted 4-quinolone de

33 The reactions of particular interest include halogenation and oxyhalogenation of alkanes and alkenes,

34 in the bromination, catalyzing the directed halogenation and preventing the inherent halogenation of

35 sses in the past two decades(6,7), enzymatic halogenation and pseudohalogenation of unactivated C(sp(

36 active (for native substrates) site favoring halogenation and shallower substrate delivery favoring h

37 to the morphology of Cu occur during anodic halogenation and subsequent oxide-formation and reductio

38 ity of many protecting groups to the radical halogenation and the instability of the subsequent 5-flu

39 The extent of halogenation and the position of the hydroxyl group stro

40 x-modifying operations such as metalation or halogenation and thus associated with disadvantageous st

41 he dihydropyranones are utilized for vinylic halogenations and to complete the total synthesis of bio

42 The first cobalt-catalyzed cyanation, halogenation, and allylation via C-H activation have bee

43 ation are suitable for subsequent oxidation, halogenation, and cross-coupling reactions to deliver be

44 further transformations, such as oxidation, halogenation, and cross-coupling.

45 ns was expanded with azo-coupling, selective halogenations, and cross-coupling reactions.

46 alkyl ketones, here we report a deacylative halogenation approach to convert various methyl ketones

47 es were achieved via various two- or one-pot halogenation approaches.

48 he reagent class for enantioselective alkene halogenation are also described.

49 e directions in the field of decarboxylative halogenation are provided.

50 Classical electrophilic aromatic halogenations are a powerful type of reaction in the LSF

51 ons that lead to oxidations, aminations, and halogenations are also presented.

52 ods to our previously reported electrophilic halogenations are presented for the first time.

53 Experimentally, the niobium pentahalide halogenations are rapid, afford essentially pure (E)-all

54 ding dihydroxylation, aminohydroxylation and halogenation, are well established methods for functiona

55 Halogenation at a semiconductor surface follows simple d

56 n gave a mixture of products arising through halogenation at the 15-, 20-, and beta-pyrrolic position

57 Regioselective halogenation at the 3-position allows intramolecular cou

58 he changes in affinity due to methylation or halogenation at various functional groups on d-tubocurar

59 al products has furnished a diverse array of halogenation biocatalysts, but thus far no examples of d

60 ludes hydrazone formation and selective beta-halogenation (bromination, chlorination) with N-bromosuc

61 y was synthesized employing either enzymatic halogenation by halogenases or incorporation of haloindo

62 o a combination of dark chlorination, direct halogenation by reactive chlorine species, and transform

63 Halogenation by RebH required the addition of RebF, whic

64 One potential mechanism involves halogenation by the myeloperoxidase and eosinophil perox

65 tant insights into the chemical mechanism of halogenation by this enzyme family.

66 generally employed in this study, successful halogenation can be accomplished using catalyst loadings

67 ng the growth rates, and that differences in halogenation can drastically change crystallization kine

68 Given the impact that halogenation can have on the biological activity of natu

69 Halogenation can have significant consequences for the b

70 Radical reactions include oxygenation, halogenation, carbohalogenation, carbohydroxylation, and

71 actions (olefination, arylation, alkylation, halogenation, carboxylation, and carbonylation), each re

72 ioselective heteroarylations and cyclization/halogenation cascades.

73 ected to an indole moiety, undergo enzymatic halogenation catalyzed by WelO5*, a non-heme, alpha-keto

74 of Bmp2 led to a reduction in the degree of halogenation catalyzed.

75 , yet the biochemical basis for the involved halogenation chemistry is unknown.

76 offer a promising biocatalytic platform for halogenation chemistry owing to their ability to functio

77 offer a promising biocatalytic platform for halogenation chemistry owing to their ability to functio

78 ymes performing biosynthetic and degradative halogenation chemistry utilize numerous mechanistic stra

79 of organohalogens, traditional nonenzymatic halogenation chemistry utilizes deleterious reagents and

80 ees C over H-SAPO-34 catalyst via an in situ halogenation (chlorination/bromination) protocol.

81 two important pathways for enzymatic natural halogenation: chlorination by chloroperoxidase (CPO) and

82 Notably, our direct halogenation constitutes the first example of selective,

83 based on the application of three iterative halogenation/cross-coupling reaction sequences.

84 During the halogenation, CuX2 served the dual role of a halogen sou

85 The heme enzyme is shown to follow the halogenation cycle that is induced by the rapid H2O2-med

86 The metalloprotein follows the halogenation cycle, whereby compound I oxidizes iodide a

87 irality, and second, a stereoselective arene halogenation delivers the product with the second axis o

88 namic acid affinity for TTR was unchanged by halogenation, diflunisal gradually improves binding up t

89 of palladium by the pyridine is hindered, 3'-halogenation directed by the N-oxide function was observ

90 Halogenation followed by deprotection of 13 and led to t

91 that involves enzyme-catalyzed free radical halogenation followed by elimination of hydrohalic acid.

92 H3Hg selective extraction, purification, and halogenation followed by GC-C-IRMS analysis.

93 Together, CmaB and CmaC execute gamma-halogenation followed by intramolecular gamma-eliminatio

94 Halogenation formally occurs through a metalla-halo-[3,3

95 presence of air and the absence of competing halogenation, formation of the alpha-anions of alkyl ary

96 ripheral functionalization reactions such as halogenation, formylation, carboxylation, nitration, sul

97 te the halophosphonium salts responsible for halogenation from catalytic phosphine oxides.

98 , a key biosynthetic substrate for enzymatic halogenation, from microbial growth media.

99 of cyanuric acid provided both oxidation and halogenation generating 6,7-dihaloisoquinoline-5,8-dione

100 Among them, halogenation has attracted much research effort with the

101 The present method of halogenation has been also extended to 2-aminopyridines,

102 cations of inert C(sp(3))-H bonds, including halogenation, hydroxylation, and macrocyclization, the b

103 road range of oxidative reactions, including halogenation, hydroxylation, ring closure, desaturation

104 alogenases CytC3 and SyrB2 catalyze C-H bond halogenation in the biosynthesis of some natural product

105 atroposelective synthesis via electrophilic halogenation in the literature, these results suggest th

106 e myeloperoxidase system promotes nucleobase halogenation in vivo.

107 cyclization, oxygenation, glycosylation, and halogenation) in vivo.

108 ns including hydroxylation, epoxidation, and halogenation, in the biosynthetic pathway of dehydrofosm

109 ights into a new proposed mechanism by which halogenation increases the carrier density in solid VO(2

110 on, and incorporation of either BF3 or alpha-halogenation increases the rate of cycloaddition.

111 pH, which was consistent with base-catalyzed halogenation involving the enolate form of diketonitrile

112 Enzymatic oxidative halogenation is a previously uncharacterized reaction ty

113 In nature, halogenation is a strategy used to increase the biologic

114 Electrophilic halogenation is a widely used tool employed by medicinal

115 Halogenation is an important alkane functionalization st

116 Transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond halogenation is an important alternative to the highly u

117 n phase-transfer system for enantioselective halogenation is described.

118 The pace of discovery of new enzymes for halogenation is increasing, revealing new metalloenzymes

119 Notably, enzymatic halogenation is now possible as a result of the discover

120 Halogenation is thought to result from "rebound" of the

121 In contrast, 5-halogenation lowers the BPE.

122 A palladium-catalyzed, ortho-selective C-H halogenation methodology is reported herein.

123 natural products for which stereocontrolled halogenation must be a critical component of any synthes

124 acid-dependent halogen transfer agent in the halogenation of (hetero)arene substrates.

125 oup interconversion processes, and selective halogenation of 1,1'-disubstituted olefins remains rare.

126 Halogenation of 3-O-benzoyl-5,6-dideoxy-1, 2-O-isopropyl

127 fluorohomologation of ketones accompanied by halogenation of a C-H bond is described.

128 ogenase reveals it capable of regioselective halogenation of a diverse range of substrates with a pre

129 is of flaviolin, the first highly asymmetric halogenation of a simple alkene, and a Johnson-Claisen r

130 of gallocyanine as an organocatalyst for the halogenation of a variety of functionalized pyrazoles, i

131 rocess, and implies that the ozone activated halogenation of a variety of natural and anthropogenic s

132 The halogenation of alcohols under mild conditions expedited

133 and may be the general mode for biosynthetic halogenation of aliphatic carbons of natural products.

134 Despite the fact that halogenation of alkenes has been known for centuries, en

135 HNMs can form by the oxidation/halogenation of amines as well as by nitration and halog

136 As we observed a clear correlation between halogenation of an inactive model peptoid and its increa

137 Flavin-dependent halogenases (FDHs) catalyze halogenation of arene and enol(ate) substrates.

138 group, for the chemo- and regioselective C-H halogenation of arenes.

139 Moreover, halogenation of aromatic molecules greatly affects aroma

140 this is the first report demonstrating that halogenation of aromatic rings substantially enhance inh

141 Mono-alpha-halogenation of benzyl phenyl sulfone (10) enhances the

142 lity of RebH variants for the site-selective halogenation of biologically active compounds.

143 The palladium-catalyzed directed C-H halogenation of bipyridine N-oxides was investigated.

144 Enzymatic halogenation of C-H bonds is a promising approach to syn

145 Environmental-friendly halogenation of C-H bonds using abundant, non-toxic halo

146 pt of copper-catalyst-promoted electrophilic halogenation of carbazoles.

147 Controlled halogenation of chemically versatile substrates is diffi

148 onstrates strict criteria for the subsurface halogenation of cinnamaldehyde and the broad capacity fo

149 ted, and the method is viable for late-stage halogenation of complex pharmaceuticals.

150 ation of a one-pot protocol for the beta-C-H halogenation of cyclic enones via umpolung of the beta-c

151 f methylation or other modifications such as halogenation of cytosine on the base-pairing energies (B

152 as-phase techniques were used to examine the halogenation of deprotonated heterocycles by perfluoroar

153 Halogenation of dibenz[a,c]anthracene (1) by NBS in CCl(

154 Furthermore, halogenation of disparate ribosomally synthesized and po

155 However, halogenation of either the xanthenes or benzoate ring of

156 logenases (FDHs) natively catalyze selective halogenation of electron rich aromatic and enolate group

157 e use of typical protocols for the selective halogenation of electron-deficient and strained aliphati

158 X-ray diffraction data confirms that anodic halogenation of electropolished Cu foils in aqueous solu

159 A Ni-catalyzed halogenation of enol triflates was developed and it enab

160 nation of amines as well as by nitration and halogenation of humic substances in the presence of nitr

161 We report herein an effective method for the halogenation of imidazo-fused heterocycles using readily

162 g Me3SiCF2Br activated by a bromide ion, and halogenation of intermediate cyclopropanes with N-bromo-

163 , although the industrial synthesis involves halogenation of linear alpha-olefins and would be expect

164 ndent halogenases involved in the late-stage halogenation of malbrancheamide in two different fungal

165 acid catalyzed atroposelective electrophilic halogenation of N-aryl quinoids, a class of compounds th

166 A Pd(II)-catalyzed ortho-selective halogenation of N-aryl ring of N,1-diaryl-1H-tetrazol-5-

167 ibes an efficient method for ortho-selective halogenation of N-arylcarbamates under mild conditions f

168 involve the direct ozone activated seawater halogenation of N-methylbipyrrole precursors.

169 zyme families responsible for regioselective halogenation of natural products.

170 In this scenario, peroxidase-catalyzed halogenation of nucleotide precursors yields products th

171 atoms into the aromatic scaffold and by the halogenation of one side ring of the PTD.

172 , and cleaner methods for the regioselective halogenation of organic compounds are therefore essentia

173 Halogenation of organic compounds plays diverse roles in

174 A regioselective halogenation of p-benzyne derived from a nonaromatic ene

175 bation of the aromatic interaction caused by halogenation of peptide building blocks is known to affe

176 oselective method has been developed for the halogenation of phenols using Cu-Mn spinel oxide as a ca

177 he aromatic ring A were introduced by direct halogenation of protected compound 11.

178 nce also featured an improved method for the halogenation of pyroglutamate derivatives in high yield

179 splays superior properties for the aliphatic halogenation of recalcitrant, electron-deficient, and st

180 Halogenation of the 4-position provides the means for su

181 roaches consisting of the derivatization and halogenation of the CH3Hg standard solution.

182 ity of the borate unit allows chemoselective halogenation of the heteroaromatic ring, thereby deliver

183 a two distinct chemical pathways: (1) direct halogenation of the isovalent parent POV-alkoxide archit

184 atom abstraction step, performing subsequent halogenation of the native substrate or hydroxylation of

185 A by taking advantage of a direct indole C6 halogenation of the related ketopremalbrancheamide.

186 sing HAN stability with increasing degree of halogenation of the substituents, while subsequent shift

187 benzoate group in ERB, we hypothesized that halogenation of the xanthene benzoate plays a critical r

188 Halogenation of the xanthenone and benzoate moieties of

189 ted halogenation and preventing the inherent halogenation of these substrates.

190 Halogenation of this material with N-bromosuccinimide cl

191 el post-translational modification involving halogenation of tryptophan in peptides recovered from th

192 a eukaryotic system and the first report of halogenation of tryptophan in vivo.

193 d a reaction matrix to test the capacity for halogenation of two frequently disclosed compounds with

194 Here, we report a genetically encodable halogenation of tyrosine residues in a reconstituted pro

195 ) have been found to catalyze regioselective halogenation of unactivated C-H bonds in bacteria, they

196 hat exhibits novel reactivity, the oxidative halogenation of unactivated carbon centers.

197 Halogenation of uracil is found to produce a decrease in

198 halogenases activate O2 to perform oxidative halogenations of activated and nonactivated carbon cente

199 esulfonic acid and BF(3)-H(2)O, allowing the halogenations of deactivated aromatics.

200 Three new protocols for the nucleophilic halogenations of diazoesters, diazophosphonates, and dia

201 he recent suggestion that t-butoxide-induced halogenations of heterocycles proceed via a radical mech

202 Because halogenation often increases the bioactivity of drugs, t

203 e also performed to examine the influence of halogenation on the acidities, proton affinities, and Wa

204 However, the influence of methylation or halogenation on the base-pairing energies (BPEs) of prot

205 The influence of halogenation on the properties of uracil and its noncova

206 is a tryptophan 5-halogenase that catalyzes halogenation on tryptophan C5 position.

207 ctivity profile of the method (electrophilic halogenation or C-H borylation) so selective targeting o

208 propensity of a particular substrate toward halogenation or hydroxylation is found to depend strongl

209 orbitals that can activate either selective halogenation or hydroxylation.

210 need for pre-functionalization (i.e., alpha-halogenation or silyl enol ether formation) or the use o

211 rbonyls were altered electronically by alpha-halogenation or thioamide formation.

212 Decarboxylative halogenation, or halodecarboxylation, represents one of

213 -> halide ligand swap combine to specify the halogenation outcome.

214 evealing the molecular determinants to favor halogenation over hydroxylation; however, a full mechani

215 l 2-halomethylene-3-oxoketoximes via one-pot halogenation/oxidation of isoxazoline N-oxide derivative

216 n unexpected reaction sequence that includes halogenation, oxidative C-C bond cleavage and triple bon

217 uently disclosed compounds with demonstrated halogenation pathways (cinnamaldehyde and citric acid) a

218 between structure and toxicity based on the halogenation patterns of the isomers investigated.

219 y economically competitive with known chiral halogenation procedures.

220 Halogenations proceed easily in the presence of copper(I

221 These halogenations proceed in useful chemical yields, with su

222 Cinnamaldehyde halogenation proceeded most readily in borate cross-link

223 s are far behind the conventional photolytic halogenation process which uses hazardous halogen source

224 stitution pathway rather than a free-radical halogenation process.

225 spectrometry was used to follow the in situ halogenation reaction of gemfibrozil in deionized water

226 The oxidation/halogenation reaction performs well with both oxalyl chl

227 reaction, which may diverge from the desired halogenation reaction toward oxidation of the alcohol, i

228 Follow up chemistry, such as the halogenation reaction with XeF(2) or SO(2)Cl(2) with the

229 e a catalytic version of the classical Appel halogenation reaction.

230 licating H(2)O(2) and myeloperoxidase in the halogenation reaction.

231 oupling reaction and subsequently promoted a halogenation reaction.

232 e as an oxidant for oxygen atom transfer and halogenation reactions (using cosubstrates guaiacol, thi

233 pe and limitations of the hydroarylation and halogenation reactions are discussed.

234 that rate enhancements of these nucleophilic halogenation reactions are facilitated by stabilization

235 human atherosclerotic lesions indicates that halogenation reactions catalyzed by the myeloperoxidase

236 Distinct from typical oxygenation or halogenation reactions catalyzed by this class of enzyme

237 alytic intermediate in Pd-catalyzed C-H bond halogenation reactions has been isolated and structurall

238 litatively with the regiochemical outcome of halogenation reactions in >80% of the investigated cases

239 oglutarate (alphaKG) to perform a variety of halogenation reactions in natural product biosynthesis.

240 our observations raise the possibility that halogenation reactions initiated by phagocytes provide o

241 our observations raise the possibility that halogenation reactions initiated by phagocytes provide o

242 n microorganisms and genes that catalyze (de)halogenation reactions is critical because they are high

243 hlorinate uracil, suggesting that nucleobase halogenation reactions may be physiologically relevant.

244 , oxidation and oxygen atom transfer but not halogenation reactions occurred.

245 ivergent and achieved through regioselective halogenation reactions of 4,4'-bipyridine-2,2'-diones.

246 In general, halogenation reactions of alkenes proceed with high yiel

247 Decarboxylative halogenation reactions of alkyl carboxylic acids are hig

248 icate that at least 98% of the CPO-catalyzed halogenation reactions of ba, 2cd, NADH, and ap occur by

249 logenated methyl groups in the base-assisted halogenation reactions of methyl ketones, the bis(diazen

250 mistry as can be seen in traditional radical halogenation reactions of optically active tertiary C-H

251 While radical chain halogenation reactions provide efficient access to many

252 Biosynthetic halogenation reactions range from simple aromatic substi

253 the possibility that Cl2 executes oxidation/ halogenation reactions that have previously been attribu

254 halogenating agent via cascade sulfenylation-halogenation reactions under metal-oxidant-base-free con

255 s exhibited significant rate enhancements in halogenation reactions using metal halides.

256 Their ability to effect halogenation reactions with a variety of substrates has

257 ex behavior observed in halide oxidation and halogenation reactions, appear as particular cases in wh

258 lear iron enzymes has been shown to catalyse halogenation reactions, rather than the more typical hyd

259 hetic uses of hypervalent iodine reagents in halogenation reactions, various oxidations, rearrangemen

260 roxidase (CPO) are extended to CPO-catalyzed halogenation reactions.

261 RTILs useful additions to the repertoire of halogenation reagents and the reagents of choice for spe

262 s (FeCl(3) and FeBr(3)) smoothly promote the halogenation/rearrangement of 2-indolinone-tethered alle

263 be more favorable than para, although single halogenation reduced antiparasite effects.

264 Current methods to increase the power of halogenation rely on either the invention of new reagent

265 n-tethered substrates; (iii) SgcC3-catalyzed halogenation requires O2 and reduced FAD and either the

266 tes of the Fe(III)-OH/R* state; for example, halogenation results from R* coupling to a halogen ligan

267 ndent reactions are detailed: hydroxylation, halogenation, ring formation, and desaturation.

268 ility to initiate and terminate a C(sp(3))-H halogenation sequence by sequential hydrogen atom abstra

269 Halogenation significantly perturbs the potential energy

270 one (10) enhances the rate of the subsequent halogenation, so that alpha,alpha-dihalogenation is atta

271 Our findings suggest that the halogenation step toward the formation of alpha-chlorogl

272 These results illustrate the potential of halogenation strategies in designing and optimizing TTR

273 hesis, facilitating environmentally friendly halogenation strategies that require only FADH(2), oxyge

274 Further, the results indicate that any halogenation substrate with a higher CPO specificity tha

275 ation and activation, doping of heteroatoms, halogenation, sulfonation, grafting, polymer coating, no

276 ants and can be intercepted by O2 to prevent halogenation, supporting an emerging notion that rapid r

277 se four detrimental drawbacks, rendering C-H halogenation technology substantially more practical: th

278 by stoichiometric-directed ortho-lithiation/halogenation technology.

279 re effective electrophile for the C(sp(2))-H halogenation than I2.

280 a platform to elucidate the implications of halogenation that can be extrapolated to living systems

281 s unique transformation provides a reductive halogenation that complements Barton's redox-neutral vin

282 Nonspecific halogenation that leads to trihaloacetyl formation does

283 Unlike the copper-catalyzed halogenation, the present method works well with electro

284 culations and crystallography, revealed meta-halogenation to be more favorable than para, although si

285 to instigate mechanical compliance by using halogenation to elicit both mechanical and photochemical

286 Comparison of binding changes upon 13'-halogenation to the changes in amino acid residues at th

287 n atoms are installed (including a Sandmeyer halogenation), use of carcinogenic chloromethyl methyl e

288 nt, selective, and continuous photocatalytic halogenation using NaX as halogen source under mild cond

289 ing to the lowest excited triplet state upon halogenation was a key mechanistic step to achieving rap

290 Finally, an enzymatic halogenation was employed to introduce the requisite chl

291 l- or d-tryptophan obtained by biocatalytic halogenation was incorporated into RGD peptides together

292 n of this 5-fluoro substituent after radical halogenation was problematic because of the incompatibil

293 For both BODIPY scaffolds, halogenation was shown as a general method to increase p

294 samples, while the most prevalent degrees of halogenation were homologues of Br(2) and Cl(4-5).

295 ized yields with respect to deuteroporphyrin halogenation were obtained.

296 Initial halogenations were carried out on both deutero- and prot

297 One such reaction is halogenation, which occurs naturally in the soil environ

298 Halogenation, which was once considered a rare occurrenc

299 azo compounds are generated via nucleophilic halogenations with tetrabutylammonium halides or potassi

300 dergo different reactions (hydroxylation vs. halogenation) with an Fe(IV) horizontal line O species i