ライフサイエンスコーパス: hard

1 of a two-sender classical MAC is in fact NP-hard.

2 logous gene block problem is NP-hard and APX-hard.

3 n an ethylene-octene copolymer sample with a hard 180 degrees (13)C RINEPT pulse is demonstrated.

4 ding the homologous gene block problem is NP-hard and APX-hard.

5 ired for effective energy harvesting are too hard and brittle for seamless integration into wearables

6 We prove that this problem is NP-hard and develop a heuristic algorithm, Revealing Evolut

7 by ancient Damascus steels(11-14)-which have hard and soft layers, originally introduced via the fold

8 , a hybrid tensegrity robot composed of both hard and soft materials is constructed, mimicking the mu

9 uce the coefficient of friction between both hard and soft natural surfaces in a size dependent manne

10 eiving orthodontic treatment with or without hard and soft tissue augmentation procedures.

11 dispersed active sites were investigated by hard and soft X-ray spectroscopy, which revealed that py

12 ssified as non-deterministic polynomial-time hard and thus become intractable to solve as the system

13 Simultaneously hard and tough nitride ceramics open new venues for a va

14 spectra obtained for a representative set of hard- and soft-shelled, fossil and extant diapsid eggshe

15 ar magnetic anisotropy, initialized to their hard axes by the spin orbit torque from a heavy metal un

16 acier-flow models that combines processes of hard-bedded sliding and bed deformation.

17 als were in the order (lungs > lymph nodes > hard bone > bone marrow > liver).

18 adius change of an assembly arena via moving hard boundaries and select among a finite set of self-as

19 Incorporation of iron is found beyond hard, brittle materials, even within the soft adhesive p

20 nsidering multi-body systems of monodisperse hard Brownian particles, it remains challenging to predi

21 re (porosity, ~93 vol%) used as the animal's hard buoyancy tank.

22 and juice powder, jelly candy, jujube candy, hard candy, ice cream syrup, sports drinks, soft drinks,

23 ctrolyte during sodiation and desodiation of hard carbon in a sodium metal cell and a sodium-ion full

24 The evolution of the hard carbon sodiation and subsequent formation and evolu

25 the formation of metallic sodium species on hard carbon upon first charge (formation) in a full-cell

26 sodium dendrites, upon over-sodiation of the hard carbon, are observed and mapped by (23)Na nuclear m

27 f 6 (25th-75th, 4-10) years, 22 patients had hard cardiac events (sudden cardiac death, appropriate i

28 e ripening of Formaggetta, a commercial semi-hard cheese typical of Liguria, an Italian region, provi

29 Cultivated hard clam and eastern oyster nitrogen removal in Greenwi

30 of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with hard clinical outcomes (eg, incident disease, mortality)

31 of the feasibility of conducting an RCT with hard clinical outcomes when such trials are unavailable.

32 interventions in the absence of trials with hard clinical outcomes.

33 h-entropy ceramics and can be used for super-hard coatings, structural materials, optics, and others.

34 d establish initial-transcription pausing is hard coded by sequence elements similar to those for tra

35 nd has been found to be highly conserved and hard-coded in mammals and other eukaryotic species.

36 be concentrated far more than suspensions of hard colloids, leading to their unusual mechanical prope

37 ional robots, which predominantly consist of hard components.

38 om video is stymied by the fact that it is a hard computational problem.

39 Thanks to its stability to hard conditions, it is a candidate for the use as molecu

40 effects from both the soft nanoparticles and hard conductive nanosheets, which would enlighten the in

41 a two-mode coherent field is shown to be NP-hard, contradicting a widely held believe that two-body

42 d preferentially associated with turf algae, hard coral and, to a lesser extent, fleshy macroalgae mi

43 ibbean Panama to define natural variation in hard coral community structure before human-impact to pr

44 Between 2016 and 2019, hard coral cover did not change on deep reefs which rema

45 While seaward reefs experienced relative hard coral reductions of 51-62%, lagoonal coral loss was

46 distributed among microhabitats dominated by hard coral, turf algae, sand and silt, and fleshy algae

47 on-tandem mass spectrometry of the extracted hard corona, we directly identified protein fragments, s

48 Probing and palpation of the hard cortical bone, also known as the "ventral lamina",

49 restless efforts of the researchers working hard day and night, some success has been gained for the

50 Whereas self-propelled hard discs undergo motility-induced phase separation, se

51 e of end-of-life magnet feedstocks including hard disk drives (HDDs), MRI, cell phone, bonded, swarf,

52 aris is a chronic disease characterized by a hard dome-like or wart-like nodule which is solitary and

53 Hard domestic water has been reported to worsen atopic e

54 xylem vessels), and improve penetrability of hard, dry soils (thick roots with a larger proportion of

55 rystalline isotactic PHA copolymers that are hard, ductile, and tough plastics, and exhibit polyolefi

56 'Hard' embodiment exploits neural and cognitive body mech

57 stack available within the CMOS process as a hard etch mask for deep-reactive ion etching.

58 retinal hemorrhages and/ or microaneurysms, hard exudates, new vessels, fibrous proliferations, and

59 ariant Quality Score Recalibration (VQSR) or Hard Filtering (HF).

60 st that some hominins previously assigned as hard food consumers (e.g. the members of the Paranthropu

61 Returning these animals to a hard food diet restores the Wnt signaling in PDL.

62 in the hominin clade there were probably no hard-food specialists.

63 he unavoidable damage inherent to feeding on hard foods, demonstrating that the tooth cusps of Port J

64 hominins are compatible with consumption of hard foods, such as mechanically-protected seeds, but de

65 r morphologies consume an array of tough and hard foods-complicating dietary inferences of early homi

66 ing occlusal surfaces than those that prefer hard foods.

67 uantum polynomial time ([Formula: see text])-hard for general local Hamiltonians.

68 However, these sequences are hard for humans to intuitively interpret.

69 disconnected training information, making it hard for researchers to find training opportunities that

70 w that in settings when computing the MLE is hard, for the purpose of constructing valid tests and in

71 [Formula: see text] matrix and magnetically hard [Formula: see text] cell walls.

72 et to be fully determined, now threatens the hard-fought gains of global ophthalmology.

73 We hope that some of these innovations, hard-gained in this difficult time, will persist and dev

74 Normal maize and pulse flours formed hard gels after cooking at 120 degrees C, and high-amylo

75 ve regulatory approval, has been notoriously hard given the complexities of drug biology and clinical

76 resses generated are high enough to nucleate hard grain basal dislocations, as observed experimentall

77 es, the elimination of basal dislocations in hard grains altogether.

78 rong dislocation pile-ups at boundaries with hard grains.

79 find analogue solutions to a computationally hard graph-partitioning problem.

80 relative importance of electrostatic, i.e., "hard-hard", versus spin-pairing, i.e., "soft-soft", inte

81 ol the spread of SARS-CoV-2, particularly in hard-hit regions.

82 ells in greater detail, we created hard-soft-hard (HSH) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with a

83 alent nature of the B-C bonding results in a hard, incompressible framework, and owing to the balance

84 Tunneling into the core reveals a hard induced gap near zero applied flux, corresponding t

85 these properties, through the integration of hard inorganic electronic components configured into str

86 flexibility (soft polymeric mechanics having hard inorganic matrix), nanoscale-level conductivity, an

87 stant than pristine PDA and even better than hard inorganic substrates, which we attribute to partial

88 (1) a "local" framework, which replaces the hard integrate-and-fire spiking rule within each neuron

89 consumer; Austriadactylus as a consumer of 'hard' invertebrates) and direct evidence of sympatric ni

90 on alpha, we apply LPC-NPP analysis to other hard kites for 54 degrees <= alpha <= 144 degrees .

91 emerge in a dense two-dimensional system of hard kites that are rotationally asymmetric and have opp

92 material consisting of alternating soft and hard layers.

93 bserved rates of adaptation and the possible hard limit in upper thermal tolerance suggest a low pote

94 These results suggest the existence of a hard limit in upper thermal tolerance.

95 their low-mPESS counterparts, especially for hard liquor/spirits (1.9 +/- 1.4 days/week for high-PESS

96 ad them off at the pass', this Forum takes a hard look at the concept of 'better living through chemi

97 Here, Rh(2) CoSb is introduced as a new hard magnet with potential for thin-film magnetic record

98 the highest observed for any rare-earth-free hard magnet.

99 Hard magnetic materials with strong perpendicular anisot

100 ed with anisotropic thermal conductivity and hard magnetic properties.

101 terest in the development of lanthanide-free hard magnets.

102 g junction (MTJ), is thought to be radiation hard, making it attractive for space and nuclear technol

103 of vaccine and customised drugs allowing for hard management of this outbreak, thus a rapid and on si

104 l/near-optimal solutions to the archetypally hard Maximum Independent Set problem with over 90% accur

105 elective, 'one-pot' coordination of soft and hard metal ions.

106 reductive elimination, a consequence of the hard nature of the nitronate.

107 are promising building blocks for radiation-hard non-von Neumann computing.

108 gittal crests are negatively correlated with hard-object feeding in extant, and several extinct, tapi

109 rnivorans is correlated with durophagy (i.e. hard-object feeding), many primates with similar morphol

110 Both hard objects and tissue approximating masses were examin

111 aration were resolved down to 0.50lambda for hard objects, with tissue approximating masses slightly

112 Inspired by hard optimization problems in high-dimensional and non-l

113 oral dynamics have been proposed for solving hard optimization problems.

114 s in either over- or under-representation of hard or easy to classify instances.

115 Hard, or stony, corals make rocks that can, on geologica

116 uct RCTs of public health interventions with hard outcomes due to logistical and ethical consideratio

117 ased policy to determine whether an RCT with hard outcomes is needed before policy recommendations.

118 id muscles compresses the tongue between the hard palate, hyoid and mouth floor, squeezing the midlin

119 We also find that a hard-path irrigation expansion with large annual water s

120 We conclude that hard plant tissues barely influence microwear textures a

121 Thus, hard plant tissues do not regularly create pits on ename

122 ynomially-bounded scalability while solving "hard" planted-solution instances of SAT, known to requir

123 to preserve an efficient shape for grasping hard prey.

124 ng multiplication to SAT or an equivalent NP-hard problem and looking for satisfying assignments of t

125 roduce a globally optimal solution to the NP-hard problem of minimizing the total number of intra-gro

126 roving performance for solving exponentially hard problems, such as optimization and satisfiability.

127 computing platforms to solve computationally hard problems.

128 Temporal network mining tasks are usually hard problems.

129 ot very satisfactory, especially local QA on hard protein targets.

130 from a strong (Pembina) and a weak (Harvest) hard red spring wheat flour were examined at a 1 and 2%

131 nt activities of four different varieties of hard red winter wheat.

132 The use of hard, regular, and new short adiabatic 180 degrees (13)C

133 s the salutary effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on hard renal outcomes, as shown in large-scale clinical tr

134 sh while handling compared to a traditional 'hard' robot.

135 rst component (Bone Portion) is a 3D printed hard scaffold with large pores (~ 850 um), made by hydro

136 ength occurred at the metapopulation scale ('hard selection').

137 Recent, strong, hard selective sweeps in P. fuscatus contain loci annota

138 date cognition loci reveal multiple cases of hard selective sweeps within the last few thousand years

139 The calcified, hard-shelled dinosaur egg evolved independently at least

140 As modern crocodilians and birds lay hard-shelled eggs, this eggshell type has been inferred

141 t pitted microwear consistent with a diet of hard-shelled insects, indicating a shift in trophic ecol

142 Convergent exploitation of hard-shelled invertebrates by different subclades of ich

143 that the tooth cusps of Port Jackson sharks, hard-shelled prey specialists, possess unusual microarch

144 based on molecular orbital analyses and the hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) theory is advanced to explain

145 , forming OH(-)-(H(2)O) (x)-AM(+) as per the hard-soft acid-base theory, thereby selectively promotin

146 related cells in greater detail, we created hard-soft-hard (HSH) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substra

147 Such deviation from hard sphere behavior may be explained by the soft and de

148 Using computer simulations, we find that hard sphere-like liquids have on intermediate and large

149 ions in mixtures where different degrees of hard-sphere interactions are present.

150 n-neutral interaction conforms to either the hard-sphere or induced-dipole model.

151 Especially at high coverage, a hard-sphere repulsion of the molecules and the confineme

152 ntal signatures from a model of polydisperse hard spheres with additional weak attraction.

153 antly deviate from random loose packings for hard spheres.

154 work examines incidence and severity of CBS (hard spot symptoms) on fruit in two citrus groves during

155 If we take a hard-stance, that dream mentation only occurs during REM

156 rent macrophyte species richness, underlying hard substrate in natural macroalgal beds, and high abun

157 ng soft sediment exhibited greater risk than hard substrate or kelp beds.

158 the deep seafloor, sediment variability and hard-substrate availability influence geographic pattern

159 pare sweep signatures expected under classic hard sweeps with those resulting from adaptive introgres

160 ns with weak sequence similarity in PDB) and hard targets (proteins without detectable similarity in

161 res >0.5 than the previous LOMETS server for Hard targets that lacked homologous templates.

162 ntributing to functional brain states in the hard task condition.

163 revisit the strategies - including soft and hard templating - that have been developed for generatin

164 perative exploration disclosed a big mass of hard texture involving the gallbladder, with multiple co

165 ly, droplet velocities down inclined soft or hard textured substrates are indistinguishable; the text

166 of hidden Markov modeling (HMM) followed by hard thresholding.

167 olinergic signaling pathway in the SG of two hard tick species.

168 he different components of the mouthparts of hard ticks (Ixodidae) enable these parasites to penetrat

169 notype modification therapy (PhMT) involving hard tissue augmentation (PhMT-b) or soft tissue augment

170 Evidence at this moment supports CAOT with hard tissue augmentation accelerated tooth movement.

171 to repair challenging interproximal soft and hard tissue deficiencies.

172 cal and precisely orchestrated deposition of hard tissue during tooth formation in acrodont dentition

173 apillary deficiency associated with soft and hard tissue interproximal defects.

174 p, which later leads to uneven deposition of hard tissue.

175 e facilitates the remineralization of dental hard tissues and affects bacterial activities.

176 In contrast, micro-CT analysis of hard tissues revealed that deposition of dentin and enam

177 the cellular/molecular integrity of mini pig hard tissues, then demonstrated that the results of thes

178 e challenge comes with the analyses of their hard tissues: current methods are time-consuming, destru

179 The combination of hard (titanium) and soft (calcium) metals in the heterom

180 really important thing, without which it is hard to accept the paper, but if you could go back and f

181 igh frequency, bio-surveillance at remote or hard to access sites.

182 ation screening and treatment, which will be hard to accomplish with current diagnostic tools.

183 However, it is hard to achieve a room temperature phosphorescence mater

184 ing and predicting functional properties yet hard to achieve due to averaging of many overlapping res

185 Suitable production parameters are hard to achieve in cell-based systems because of the nee

186 eptor exhibits distinctive features that are hard to achieve via currently existing methods, includin

187 te oncogenic HPVs, but such high coverage is hard to achieve.

188 s from drivers of adaptation is particularly hard to address using extant bacterial species with poor

189 the best method of control, however this is hard to avoid in some countries.

190 However, their microscopic size makes it hard to be harvested for industrial applications.

191 g elements, but they have traditionally been hard to characterize experimentally.

192 ver, the details of IDP binding pathways are hard to characterize using experimental approaches, whic

193 software solutions are problem-specific and hard to combine.

194 curacy on biological problems, but it can be hard to contextualize how and explain why predictions ar

195 This is hard to control because of feedback between guest uptake

196 as aligning the frontier orbitals to E(F) is hard to control(9).

197 nm range relevant to small gas molecules is hard to control.

198 or pinching the insect, but such stimuli are hard to control.

199 Many startle mutations are known, but it is hard to correlate the degree of impairment at molecular

200 ns catalyzed by these biological engines are hard to decode due to the absence of a scalable, metabol

201 ing adolescent symptom trajectories has been hard to demonstrate.

202 ble on data where proper sequencing depth is hard to determine.

203 mains a substantial number of MoAs that were hard to distinguish from others under the current study'

204 associated with visual spatial attention are hard to distinguish from those that associated with the

205 n adaptive mutations are known because it is hard to enumerate which phenotypes make these mutations

206 quality of these models is scarce, making it hard to evaluate the statistical significance of predict

207 which transcription-factor-based schemes are hard to evolve or maintain.

208 Such "generalists" can be hard to evolve, outcompeted by specialists fitter in any

209 This new containment regime is hard to explain by traditional models where either infec

210 t effects, can be theoretically involved and hard to explain to clinicians, especially when the outco

211 ates a high complexity routing space that is hard to explore.

212 hases and transformations, which has made it hard to form a coherent conceptual framework for their c

213 stering is challenging and it is often times hard to gauge which method to use because none of the ex

214 sponsible for the action potential, they are hard to identify and easily overlooked.

215 aking about hospice and dialysis and made it hard to individualize care; (2) hospice as a last resort

216 obally by many existing methods, it is often hard to interpret or make use of the results toward path

217 Cases were very hard to interpret, given the lack of clear denominators.

218 However, these models are complex and often hard to interpret, making it difficult to evaluate their

219 in activity from multiple individuals-can be hard to interpret.

220 between evolution and experience, making it hard to isolate the drivers of computational architectur

221 It is hard to manipulate the band structure topology of specif

222 They are also very hard to measure and so tend to be underrepresented in me

223 ur and life history decisions, yet it can be hard to measure at fine scales in free-moving animals.

224 quantified metabolic exchange rates that are hard to measure experimentally, even for a complex commu

225 er molecules to public health and science is hard to overestimate.

226 specific trait variation is inconsistent and hard to predict across traits, species and locations.

227 ation of their molecular building blocks are hard to predict in the presence of long-range interactio

228 fter achieving current targets is low and is hard to predict using just current prevalence.

229 pact of global dimming on crop production is hard to predict.

230 of using a probe for validating cleaning of hard to reach areas using DUV laser-induced fluorescence

231 e the conduct of unbiased serosurveys within hard to reach populations and help reduce the sample col

232 health initiatives and are often considered 'hard to reach'.

233 lar events that actually occur and are often hard to relate to real interactions measured experimenta

234 proach, the findings of a global test may be hard to resolve with the findings at the individual OTU

235 y" (34%), and that "doctors would not try as hard to save a patient's life" (33%).

236 However, these compounds are produced by hard to source plants, making these chemicals difficult

237 , the desired force-response relationship is hard to specify exactly, but examples of forces and desi

238 nt subpopulation, persisters are notoriously hard to study and define.

239 CO(2) reduction electrodes is important but hard to study.

240 ation of twin domains and impurity phases is hard to suppress, and the nucleation and growth mechanis

241 TiO(2) -IrO(2) solid solutions are generally hard to synthesize.

242 ction to real-world systems is exceptionally hard to test quantitatively(16-21).

243 s and/or the values of kinetic constants are hard to uncover experimentally.

244 of pore formation, growth, and resealing is hard to visualize in experiments.

245 s mediated by microbial populations in these hard-to-access environments are poorly understood.

246 metamaterial, and collectively they generate hard-to-attain broadband deep-subwavelength absorption.

247 A hard-to-cook (HTC) defect observed in lpa1 seeds intensi

248 hat whenever the local resource is immobile, hard-to-digest, and nutrient poor, hyphal osmotrophs out

249 q (snRNA-Seq) is needed to profile frozen or hard-to-dissociate tumors.

250 conditions are challenging and often lead to hard-to-interpret and controversial observations, wherea

251 antibodies (nAbs) can protect macaques from hard-to-neutralize (tier 2) chimeric simian-human immuno

252 KAS cohort with center willingness to accept hard-to-place kidneys (r=0.55, P<0.001) and local organ

253 er, novel tools that accurately identify the hard-to-predict proteins and that make accurate predicti

254 ed with aluminum chloride into synthetically hard-to-reach benzo[c][1,7]naphthyridinones.

255 d navigate these microrobots in confined and hard-to-reach body location areas in a minimally invasiv

256 olled delivery of drug payloads in confined, hard-to-reach locations, with potential in vivo applicat

257 ater sampling and screening, particularly in hard-to-reach or dangerous sites, a drone equipped with

258 Strategies to recruit, engage and retain hard-to-reach populations are discussed including noncon

259 (RDS) is widely used for collecting data on hard-to-reach populations, including information about t

260 opulation sampling method developed to study hard-to-reach populations.

261 wing to their potential to be navigated into hard-to-reach tissues for a number of biomedical applica

262 and great potential for the rescue of other hard-to-recover RV strains such as low-replicating atten

263 Moving forward, studies on similarly 'hard-to-study' species may account for large inter-indiv

264 hey can visualize dual organelle dynamics in hard-to-transfect cell lines by super-resolution for ove

265 e editors that can be difficult to attain in hard-to-transfect cells or in vivo.

266 M), significantly reduced VEGF expression in hard-to-transfect cells when compared with commercial pl

267 uts and enables the use of this technique in hard-to-transfect cells.

268 ycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most hard-to-treat bacterial pathogens with a high capacity t

269 y aggressive matrix-rich tumors that mimic a hard-to-treat colorectal cancer subtype in humans.

270 s a positive association between living in a hard water (range: 76 to > 350 mg/L CaCO(3) ) area and A

271 loroxylenol (PCMX) (0.12-0.48% by weight) in hard water, and a ready-to-use disinfectant spray with 5

272 Innate behaviours, although robust and hard wired, rely on modulation of neuronal circuits, for

273 We then evaluate the same hard-wired bioanodes in both a two-chamber microbial fue

274 es continuous monitoring of vital signs with hard-wired devices that adhere to the skin and, in certa

275 s and thus map an exquisite spinal circuitry hard-wired for converting innocuous touch to irritating

276 ites correctly, arguing that start sites are hard-wired for initiation through the action of other mR

277 safe, a duplicate enhancer mechanism that is hard-wired in the machinery of vertebrate retinal gangli

278 Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and hard-wired into every biological system.

279 unsurprising that many species have evolved hard-wired neural mechanisms to extract motion as a prim

280 fault response system may be adaptive, these hard-wired reactions can hinder the ability to learn fle

281 A hard-wired regional heterogeneity in the expression of i

282 sleep, analogous to the human siesta, is a "hard-wired" property gated by specific neurons of the ma

283 iors without prior experience, suggesting a "hard wiring" of underlying neural circuits.

284 opulations evolved resistance by genetically hard-wiring the first steps of an induced immune respons

285 ere, we demonstrate in vivo polymerization ("hard-wiring") of a microbial community to a growing laye

286 lobe, hitting the United States particularly hard with a state of emergency declared on March 13, 202

287 l beliefs regarding the relationship between hard work and prosperity, as exemplified by a conservati

288 ial and temporal coherence properties of the hard X-ray FEL beam after propagating through split-and-

289 sent a new methodology employing synchrotron hard X-ray fluorescence to observe the concentration gra

290 mination of X-rays in a micron-sized focused hard X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beam.

291 -Electron Laser (European XFEL), a megahertz hard X-ray Free-Electron Laser source, enables such expe

292 X-ray scattering beyond the dipole limit and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy we establish the d

293 tion of the coherence time of the ultra-fast hard x-ray pulse, which fundamentally influences the int

294 experiments exploit the intense, ultrashort hard x-ray pulses of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LC

295 ano-resolution X-ray probes in both soft and hard X-ray regimes, we demonstrate correlative surface c

296 Recent progress made in the hard X-ray split-and-delay optics developments now bring

297 rated methyl iodide, CD(3)I, irradiated with hard X-rays has been examined by a time-of-flight multi-

298 source, in association with a soft gamma-ray/hard-X-ray flare(18-21).

299 Hard-x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a valuable sour

300 nd assisted by multi-wavelength (optical and hard-X-ray) data.