ライフサイエンスコーパス: helium

1 no 'metals' (that is, elements heavier than helium).

2 ted to molecules involving only hydrogen and helium.

3 s of NEMS resonators in the liquid phases of helium.

4 in superconductors, atomic gases, and liquid helium.

5 uch lower pressures in liquid and superfluid helium.

6 s of aerosols via laser-induced breakdown in helium.

7 he unusual behaviour of turbulent superfluid helium.

8 hanced in elements heavier than hydrogen and helium.

9 quantum turbulence, particularly superfluid helium.

10 tency series: argon approximately nitrogen > helium.

11 de larger than those observed in bulk liquid helium.

12 teractive pedigree visualization tool called Helium.

13 inert, neat buffer gas, usually nitrogen or helium.

14 two few-cycle near-infrared pulses in atomic helium.

15 orm with the orbitals of single electrons on helium.

16 bital and spin state of a single electron on helium.

17 pendence of the diffusivity on the number of heliums.

18 ute ischemic stroke, these data suggest that helium 1) should not be administered before or together

19 including the Josephson effect in superfluid helium(27), or coupled atomic(28) and solid-state polari

20 Background MRI with inhaled hyperpolarized helium 3 ((3)He) allows for functional and structural im

21 cy of the multibreath wash-in hyperpolarized helium 3 ((3)He) approach to ventilation measurement by

22 istance (6MWD), and underwent hyperpolarized helium 3 ((3)He) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and com

23 with attenuation values less than -950 HU ), helium 3 ((3)He) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging ventila

24 free-breathing proton MRI to hyperpolarized helium 3 ((3)He) MRI ventilation and validated using a s

25 -year longitudinal changes in hyperpolarized helium 3 ((3)He) MRI ventilation defects in study partic

26 Hyperpolarized (HP) helium 3 ((3)He) MRI ventilation maps were co-registered

27 nhanced (OE) MRI with that of hyperpolarized helium 3 ((3)He) MRI with respect to quantitative ventil

28 y using volume-matched CT and hyperpolarized helium 3 ((3)He) MRI.

29 patients with asthma by using hyperpolarized helium 3 ((3)He) ventilation MR imaging.

30 Helium 3 ADC values were significantly elevated in PRM g

31 Conclusion Helium 3 diffusion-weighted MRI-derived mean diffusive l

32 Subjects underwent hyperpolarized helium-3 and conventional clinical measurements, includi

33 res and are typically enriched in electrons, helium-3 and heavier ions(2), and 'gradual' events(3,4),

34 ion of transport properties in normal liquid helium-3 and its topological superfluid phases provides

35 Here we discuss results from superfluid helium-3 contained in a single 1.08-mum-thick nanofluidi

36 a recent re-activation of Mt Ontake and that helium-3 enhancement may have been a precursor of the 20

37 Here we report on the thermal conduction of helium-3 in a 1.1 mum high channel.

38 e of confinement on the phases of superfluid helium-3 is studied using the torsional pendulum method.

39 Helium-3 is the most sensitive tracer of magmatic volati

40 ation defect percent (VDP) on hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of ex

41 In contrast, the helium-3 spin-echo (HeSE) technique achieves spatial and

42 ribed by a quantum field, such as superfluid helium-3.

43 owstone National Park is famous for its high helium-3/helium-4 isotope ratio, commonly cited as evide

44 the rotation of single, isolated superfluid helium-4 droplets containing ~10(8) to 10(11) atoms.

45 hemistry and isotopic analyses, that crustal helium-4 emission rates from Yellowstone exceed (by orde

46 ational Park is famous for its high helium-3/helium-4 isotope ratio, commonly cited as evidence for a

47 tted from this region is actually radiogenic helium-4 produced within the crust by alpha-decay of ura

48 n be overcome using a combination of apatite helium ages and cosmogenic nuclides measured in multiple

49 We show that Helium allows users to easily integrate a number of data

50 f quantum fluids, systems such as superfluid helium and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, which are c

51 eatures of quantum fluids such as superfluid helium and Bose-Einstein condensates.

52 Here we use helium and carbon isotope data from deeply sourced sprin

53 zation of individual vortex reconnections in helium and condensates.

54 Unfavourable energy barriers to helium and hydrogen transfer indicate the process is sel

55 rticity is a continuous field, in superfluid helium and in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) vo

56 The instrument uses both helium and neon ion beams generated by a gas field ion s

57 (CH3O-PEO-H) for positive ionization in both helium and nitrogen as drift gas.

58 ation between ion mobility cross sections in helium and nitrogen buffer gases was examined as a funct

59 ata show that the ratio of cross sections in helium and nitrogen depends significantly on the tempera

60 subclass (those WRSs with winds dominated by helium and nitrogen, with traces of hydrogen).

61 Comparisons made between helium and nitrogen-derived CCS measurements demonstrate

62 otope ratios, along with groundwater tritium-helium and radiogenic (4)He in-growth age-dating techniq

63 ion, even though its molecule is larger than helium and should experience a higher energy barrier.

64 ry of a thermodynamically stable compound of helium and sodium, Na2He, which has a fluorite-type stru

65 Helium and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) phase III expired c

66 a range of scenarios relevant to superfluid helium and trapped condensates, combining our own numeri

67 imensional system on the interface of liquid helium and vacuum.

68 dial, and renal ischemia reperfusion injury; helium and xenon have additionally been tested in hepati

69 Helium and xenon show organ protective effects mostly in

70 r grid; (ii) a cylinder; (iii) a free jet of helium, and (iv) a free jet of air with the Taylor Reyno

71 Here we report a long-term helium anomaly measured in hot springs close to the cent

72 Sources and fluxes of CO(2) and helium are examined over a 350-kilometre-long transect c

73 Elements heavier than helium are produced in the lives and deaths of stars.

74 y elements (elements other than hydrogen and helium) are distributed within a region extending to nea

75 n leads to the formation of a solid layer of helium around charged impurities at much lower pressures

76 Specifically, using helium as the reagent gas and with the DART heater tempe

77 brain ischemia, we found that intraischemic helium at 75 vol% inhibits tissue plasminogen activator-

78 ischemic brain damage and that postischemic helium at 75 vol% reduces ischemic brain damage and brai

79 egrees C lower than with pressurized GC with helium (at 30 psig) depending on the molecular structure

80 Experiments in an inert helium atmosphere confirm that FeO reacts via a redox me

81 acked with Sc2O3 and graphite powder under a helium atmosphere.

82 ndent Schrodinger equation for ionization of helium atom and neon atom.

83 he developed methodology is not exclusive to Helium atom scattering and can also be applied to other

84 Helium Atom Scattering combined with Atomic Force Micros

85 Helium atom scattering is a well established method for

86 ere assumed for all plasma species except of helium atoms and ions.

87 m of microscopy using thermal energy neutral helium atoms as the probe particle.

88 al-free and low-density environment, neutral helium atoms formed the Universe's first molecular bond

89 from specular reflection and diffraction of helium atoms from an atomic lattice of lithium fluoride.

90 ifted broad absorption lines of hydrogen and helium atoms in a sample of quasars.

91 n gas containing some fraction of metastable helium atoms or nitrogen molecules.

92 ut did not observe) permeation of just a few helium atoms per hour, and this detection limit is also

93 ystem: a gigantic molecule consisting of two helium atoms, with an 80% probability that its two nucle

94 structively by taking advantage of a neutral helium beam as a chemically, electrically and magnetical

95 e present a theoretically-motivated model of helium bubble density as a function of volume for high-p

96 plexes, which serve as the nuclei for larger helium bubble growth, over timescales reaching into the

97 ty as a function of volume for high-pressure helium bubbles in plasma-facing tungsten.

98 ulfide (CEES), and octane were acquired with helium buffer gas pressures ranging from 0.04 to 1.2 Tor

99 Using the full path length and helium buffer gas, high resolution separations were achi

100 at operational pressures exceeding 1 Torr of helium buffer gas.

101 ermines the ratio of carbon to oxygen during helium burning, and affects subsequent carbon, neon, oxy

102 ccessful hydrodynamical theory of superfluid helium, but by the nature of the scale separations it ca

103 Here we investigate photoionization of helium by a sequence of attosecond pulses in the presenc

104 a Fano resonance in the prototype system of helium by interrupting the autoionization process of a c

105 3P0 J, and 2p 1P0 created in an atmospheric helium capillary dielectric barrier discharge were deter

106 uman cells have been simulated for hydrogen, helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and neon ions with 0.25

107 al features including emission from both the helium carrier gas and the Al2O3 aerosols were analyzed

108 ximizes the yield of molecular hydrogen in a helium carrier gas by irreversibly and quantitatively sc

109 minimize the internal volume, (3) the use of helium carrier gas to minimize nonideal mixture behavior

110 This work provides the first use of helium charge transfer dissociation (He-CTD) tandem mass

111 Nd:YAG laser beam was focused into a flux of helium charged with alumina aerosols of a few micrometer

112 In our experiments, we injected helium/CO2 to displace water in eight water-saturated sa

113 Helium collision cell gases and reactive ammonia gas are

114 investigate small (N = 1,2) V N He M vacancy/helium complexes, which serve as the nuclei for larger h

115 h can sustain the elevated temperature, high helium concentration and extreme radiation environments

116 obaric peptides can be cotransmitted at high helium concentrations whereas lower concentrations can b

117 th high (3)He/(4)He ratios related to higher helium concentrations.

118 at any gaseous envelope of pure hydrogen and helium consists of no more than [Formula: see text] per

119 offers low power consumption (<400 mW), low helium consumption (5.8 mL/min), rapid response (up to a

120 The ability to perform analysis with zero helium consumption is especially attractive in view of t

121 ly in the case of liquid nitrogen- or liquid helium-cooled detectors) should be monitored.

122 is sufficiently large, such that evaporative helium cooling is capable of kinetically quenching the n

123 Here we report that the presence of helium core masses up to about 0.04 solar masses larger

124 mbers (the 'blue hook' stars, which had late helium-core flash ignition, followed by deep mixing) are

125 on Earth, and for radiogenic and cosmogenic helium dating assumptions in natural glasses.

126 was 1.3 +/- 0.8 years, determined by tritium-helium dating.

127 hermally-activated dislocation glide through helium-defect obstacles, whose barrier strength is deriv

128 sibility measurements on electrons on liquid helium demonstrating the formation of an incompressible

129 uracy, care must be exercised when utilizing helium-derived CCS values to calibrate measurements obta

130 The injection of helium did not change the T2 spectra of the coals.

131 The compounds are first introduced into a helium dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) for breakdown.

132 rved in the DBD with nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium discharge gases but not in air.

133 rved in the DBD with nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium discharge gases but not in air.

134 etween hydrogen isotopologues and metastable helium down to 0.01 K.

135 r separation was obtained using argon versus helium drift gas, as expected from the greater reduced m

136 um nanoparticles are formed using superfluid helium droplets as the nanoreactors, which are strongly

137 bond in iodine clusters formed in superfluid helium droplets based on results from electron diffracti

138 r certain experimental conditions, a rain of helium droplets is detected by small sensors placed in t

139 Helium droplets provide an exotic and unique environment

140 file of dimer dominated clusters embedded in helium droplets reveals an interatomic distance of 3.65

141 Water clusters are formed in helium droplets via the sequential capture of monomers.

142 a perhaps limited environment of superfluid helium droplets.

143 frustrated aggregation process in superfluid helium due to the antiferromagnetic nature of chromium.

144 Inclusion of helium during the gHDX process for collisional cooling h

145 trate the extremes in variability of crustal helium efflux on geologic timescales and imply crustal-s

146 However, much of the helium emitted from this region is actually radiogenic h

147 including 4 proton energies plus degrader, 4 helium energies plus degrader, and the 5 heavy ions of C

148 ve a small (a few Earth masses) hydrogen and helium envelope on timescales of several billion years,

149 dwarf planets with rocky cores and hydrogen-helium envelopes (radii between 1.7 and 3.9 Earth radii)

150 jects with large cores and moderate hydrogen/helium envelopes, to rocky objects with roughly the mass

151 es at cryogenic temperatures in a superfluid helium environment.

152 ciation in salty water, and super-Maxwellian helium evaporation.

153 A small number of trapped electrons on helium exhibits strong interactions in the absence of di

154 ound in Mali, using nets mounted on tethered helium-filled balloons.

155 deposit were heated to ~835 degrees C under helium flow and evolved gases analyzed by Curiosity's Sa

156 D-PID performance on bias voltage, auxiliary helium flow rate, carrier gas flow rate, and temperature

157 The measured collision cross section in helium for the Naph(+*)(Pyr) heterodimer of 84.9 +/- 2.5

158 Electrons on helium form a unique two-dimensional system on the inter

159 defects identified by using hyperpolarized 3-helium gas ((3)He) lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

160 at low temperature indicate that exposure to helium gas at 500 MPa leads to a stoichiometry close to

161 parameters on the formation and structure of helium gas bubble superlattices within a tungsten host m

162 rocky cores surrounded by thick hydrogen and helium gas envelopes.

163 solution; however, degassing the sample with helium gas halted its oxidation.

164 he sample and flushing the sample tubes with helium gas halted such changes.

165 The insertion of helium gas into CaZrF6 both elastically stiffens the mat

166 ts of micron sized hollow tube in which pure helium gas is ionized by high voltage (4 kV) and high fr

167 The plasma consists of ionized helium gas that is produced by a high-voltage (8 kV) and

168 olarized sample is ejected using pressurized helium gas, and shot into a receiving structure in the s

169 We also observe that oxygen and helium gases have different effects on both the photolum

170 fterglow (AeroFAPA) ion source is based on a helium glow discharge plasma, which generates excited he

171 Helium has a much higher solubility in CaZrF6 than silic

172 Helium has a unique phase diagram and below 25 bar it do

173 It seems that helium has accumulated for (at least) many hundreds of m

174 Helium has been shown to provide neuroprotection in mech

175 Three helium (He) atoms have been predicted to form a molecula

176 We demonstrate that even helium (He) gas molecules, which are known to have the l

177 ula: see text]), negative pions (- pai), and helium (He) ion beams resulted in 10, 17 and 1.3 times l

178 d the Universe's first molecular bond in the helium hydride ion HeH(+) through radiative association

179 at the morphology of the FNWs was changed by helium IBID at high temperature.

180 of previously proposed explosion models-the helium-ignition branch-does exist in nature, and that su

181 To date, neutral helium images have been dominated by topographic contras

182 ory and may constrain the region of hydrogen-helium immiscibility and the boundary-layer pressure in

183 In a recent study on 3000 appm helium-implanted tungsten (W-3000He), we hypothesized he

184 fitting parameter is used for the simulated helium-implanted tungsten; defect removal rate.

185 The role of superfluid helium in guiding the trapped molecules into local poten

186 to understand the consequences of replacing helium in some situations by the more readily available

187 icity (the fraction of elements heavier than helium in stellar atmospheres) in local galaxies, from 2

188 imply crustal-scale open-system behaviour of helium in tectonically and magmatically active regions.

189 d used for ion transmission on the extent of helium in the carrier gas.

190 peptides improved with increasing amounts of helium in the FAIMS carrier gas as expected, we found th

191 f of white dwarfs have elements heavier than helium in their atmospheres, even though these elements

192 icities (abundances of elements heavier than helium) indicate that the gas out of which the stars for

193 planted tungsten (W-3000He), we hypothesized helium-induced irradiation hardening, followed by soften

194 Helium, injected from plasma, aggravates damage by incre

195 However, whether or not helium interacts with the thrombolytic drug tissue plasm

196 quarex)(CaZr)F6 can be prepared by inserting helium into CaZrF6 at high pressure.

197 e empirical results for injections of CO2 in helium into MS and AMS instruments.

198 ilm with periodic structure was deposited by helium ion beam induced deposition (IBID) on the surface

199 Here, we report the effects of focused helium ion beam irradiation on the structural, optical a

200 ting monolayer MoS(2) using a sub-nm focused helium ion beam to deterministically create defects.

201 physical nano- and micro- structures to the helium ion dose, as well as chemical signatures of coppe

202 exes at defect states generated by the local helium ion exposure.

203 In this study, low energy helium ion irradiation on free-standing iron thin films

204 th high spatial resolution through selective helium ion irradiation with a well-controlled dose.

205 , we discuss the chemical changes induced by helium ion irradiation.

206 everely relative to electron transport after helium ion irradiation.

207 is letter, we report the utility of scanning helium ion lithography for fabricating functional graphe

208 Here, we demonstrate the use of a scanning helium ion microscope (HIM) for tailoring the functional

209 g a novel in-house-developed high-resolution helium ion microscope coupled with a secondary ion mass

210 In this work, we demonstrate Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM) as a tool for imaging and qu

211 ne nanowhiskers (FNWs) in situ with scanning helium ion microscopy (HIM) at elevated temperatures.

212 thod to analyze individual grains using: (1) helium ion microscopy to capture micron to sub-nanometer

213 Further, helium ion microscopy vividly demonstrated the restorati

214 ound library with varying Cu/In ratio, using Helium Ion Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), an

215 Helium ion scanning microscopy (HIM) is a novel technolo

216 we report the application of newly developed helium ion scanning microscopy (HIM) to examine the glom

217 we amorphize crystalline silicon by means of helium-ion irradiation, enabling the formation of a comp

218 Both can be mimicked using helium-ion-implantation.

219 r primary protons (157 MeV), 13% for primary helium ions (145 MeV/n) and 4% for primary carbon ions (

220 red from protons (approximately 65%-75%) and helium ions (approximately 10%-20%) with heavier ions (Z

221 ve demonstrated that low doses of low energy helium ions can be used to tailor the structural and ele

222 With their higher ionization potentials, the helium ions He(2+) and He(+) were the first to combine w

223 Despite many favorable properties, helium ions incoming from the plasma are known to dramat

224 The simulations show that protons and helium ions induce more DNA damage than heavier ions do

225 d by using a 500-pm-diameter focused beam of helium ions to directly write tunnel barriers into YBa2C

226 o the extent of the stopping distance of the helium ions.

227 Helium is generally understood to be chemically inert an

228 Turbulence in superfluid helium is unusual and presents a challenge to fluid dyna

229 Helium is used as a critical tracer throughout the Earth

230 However, the helium isotope signature of the mantle below depths of a

231 We compiled a global data set for carbon and helium isotopes from volcanic arcs and demonstrated that

232 mation is a vital baseline for understanding helium isotopes in erupted basalts.

233 Helium isotopes provide an important tool for tracing ea

234 ated with a phase transition in the attached helium layer from solid to partly liquid (melting of the

235 cent of the Sun's) of elements heavier than helium (low metallicity), and although its gas mass cann

236 plate is cooled by heat exchange with liquid helium maintained at 4.2 K.

237 y hydrogen-poor (three per cent hydrogen and helium mass fraction) atmospheric composition.

238 s with tiny amounts of elements heavier than helium ('metals') have been found in the outer regions (

239 Here we present scanning helium micrographs demonstrating image contrast arising

240 Scanning helium microscopy is able to image such structures compl

241 Scanning helium microscopy is an emerging form of microscopy usin

242 The ability of scanning helium microscopy to distinguish between materials witho

243 Micron-sized solid particles and metastable helium molecules are specifically being used to investig

244 deuterated isotopologue, F(-)(D(2)CO(3)), by helium nanodroplet infrared action spectroscopy in the p

245 Using the helium nanodroplet isolation setup at the ultrabright fr

246 frequency region from 70 to 620 cm(-1) using helium-nanodroplet isolation and free-electron lasers.

247 Helium nanodroplets are considered ideal model systems t

248 h n exceeding 100 via electron ionization of helium nanodroplets doped with C60.

249 Here, we study helium nanodroplets excited resonantly by femtosecond ex

250 espite their superfluid nature, we find that helium nanodroplets in the lowest electronically excited

251 nsed phases, isolated in supersonic jets and helium nanodroplets, and, recently also on the level of

252 similarity to the progenitor of the Galactic helium nova V445 Puppis suggest that SN 2012Z was the ex

253 Cosmic radiation contains protons, helium nuclei and high charge and energy (HZE) particles

254 ion, with a light-mass fraction (protons and helium nuclei) of about 80 per cent.

255 ture generates an energetic lithium nucleus, helium nucleus, and gamma photons, which can alter the s

256 We show that helium of 25-75 vol% inhibits in a concentration-depende

257 dances of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium) of more than 400 stars hosting 600 exoplanet can

258 d at atmospheric pressures through a flow of helium or air) within the pore space.

259 the aerosol is exposed to a thermal flow of helium or nitrogen gas containing some fraction of metas

260 In superfluids, such as liquid helium or ultracold gases, the corresponding quantities

261 rium gas of phonons existing in liquid/solid helium, or in dielectric crystals (Bi, NaF) at low tempe

262 omized manner, while breathing: (i) normoxic helium-oxygen (HEL) to reduce the work of breathing (W(b

263 tive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, helium/oxygen (heliox) reduces the work of breathing and

264 ich is based on the use of a low temperature helium plasma as ionization source, is used for the dete

265 Helium plasma etched MoS2 layers for edge contacts.

266 d to HBr in a low-pressure microwave induced helium plasma with trace amounts of hydrogen added as a

267 An enclosed atmospheric-pressure helium-plasma ionization (HePI-MS) source avoids, or min

268 s were detected directly by ambient-pressure helium-plasma ionization-mass spectrometry (HePI-MS), wi

269 Helium proved neuroprotective in rodents and cardioprote

270 , alpha) capture reaction, and the resulting helium raises the pressure within the plenum and in the

271 complexes provides an efficient pathway for helium release at fluxes expected in fusion reactors, an

272 ollowed by deep mixing) are the progeny of a helium-rich 'second generation' of stars.

273 to a MS instrument is approximately 14% (CO2/helium separation factor of 2.7).

274 it could occur through detonation of a thin helium shell either on a near-Chandrasekhar-mass white d

275 This helium source may have been isolated at the core-mantle

276 ow discharge plasma, which generates excited helium species and primary reagent ions.

277 construct surface dynamical processes with a helium spin-echo spectrometer for the first time.

278 By combining helium spin-echo spectroscopy and density functional the

279 Only one HVS (US 708, HVS 2) is a compact helium star.

280 n of a white dwarf accreting material from a helium-star companion.

281 white dwarfs or other compact stars such as helium stars.

282 The populations of the lowest excited helium states 2s 3S1, 2s 1S, 2p 3P0 J, and 2p 1P0 create

283 isualize the motion of quantized vortices in helium superfluids.

284 on-tolerant materials that do not experience helium swelling for advanced nuclear reactor application

285 Helium-tagged complexes were prepared at temperatures be

286 (25),15,17(24),21-octaene, complex 1) using helium tagging infrared photodissociation (IRPD), absorp

287 imaging device, operating around the liquid helium temperature, based on the gallium arsenide homoju

288 tum yield is temperature invariant at liquid helium temperatures and shows a rather large kinetic iso

289 d 10(4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) at room and liquid-helium temperatures, respectively, allowing the observat

290 At liquid helium temperatures, the network exhibits another kind o

291 In superfluid helium, the discrete (quantized) nature of vorticity can

292 rformance for an ion funnel trap upon adding helium; the signal intensities for higher m/z species we

293 remote physical systems ranging from liquid helium, ultracold atoms and superconducting thin films t

294 an that achieved with self-injection mode in helium under similar laser parameters.

295 The effect of helium upon IMS resolving power was also studied by intr

296 anediol in cold (6 K) collisions with atomic helium using microwave spectroscopy and buffer-gas cooli

297 en CCS values are systematically larger than helium values; however, general separation trends betwee

298 th previous experiments on superfluid liquid helium where hysteresis was observed directly in systems

299 ccurring isotopologues, their separations in helium, where higher resolving powers could also be achi

300 , serving as a metallic intermediate between helium, with its quantum effect-dominated structures, an