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1 ons but is protective against malarial toxin hemozoin.
2 s to be a requisite step in the formation of hemozoin.
3 ization pathway, leading to the formation of hemozoin.
4 rasite digestive vacuole as a polymer called hemozoin.
5 by preventing its further crystallization to hemozoin.
6 , most of which is biomineralized into inert hemozoin.
7 ected, PV5-deficient parasites generate less hemozoin.
8 ifferences between the synthetic and natural hemozoin.
9 edominantly sequestered as inert crystalline hemozoin.
10 arial parasites crystallize heme to nontoxic hemozoin.
11 ded organelle containing the malaria pigment hemozoin.
12 ystallization into physiologically insoluble hemozoin.
13 erization into the chemically inert pigment, hemozoin.
14 ce phagocytosed infected red blood cells and hemozoin.
15 stering heme into bioinert crystals known as hemozoin.
16 arum has been implicated in the formation of hemozoin, a detoxified, crystalline form of ferric proto
17         We have previously demonstrated that hemozoin, a metabolic byproduct of the malaria parasite,
18 rated from the absorbance of laser energy by hemozoin, a universal biomarker of malaria infection.
19 ize of endogenous heme nanoparticles called "hemozoin," a unique component of all blood-stage malaria
20 te that during experimental schistosomiasis, hemozoin accumulating in the mouse liver is taken up by
21  The findings suggest that the influences of hemozoin accumulation and high-density parasitemia on pl
22 rm despite high parasite burden and malarial hemozoin accumulation in the placenta at midgestation, w
23           Endothelial cells, which encounter hemozoin after schizont rupture, respond to sHz by relea
24 kers of an antioxidative response, and, with hemozoin alone, oxidation of lipids and DNA.
25                   Furthermore, the uptake of hemozoin also coincides with the hepatic expression of m
26 enhancing the maturation of dendritic cells, hemozoin also greatly promotes immunoglobulin G2a antibo
27 ing hematophagy, we propose that schistosome hemozoin also provides a potent immunomodulatory functio
28                            Malarial pigment (hemozoin) also accumulates in the placenta and may modul
29 class antimalarials inhibit the formation of hemozoin and in this way suppress heme detoxification.
30  part by bioactive parasite products such as hemozoin and infected red blood cell-derived extracellul
31   Primary syncytiotrophoblast was exposed to hemozoin and tumor necrosis factor, a critical inflammat
32 istinguishable from that of malaria pigment (hemozoin), and single crystal X-ray diffraction confirms
33 dation, heme polymerization into crystalline hemozoin, and antimalarial drug accumulation.
34 t or native HRP II promoted the formation of hemozoin, and chloroquine inhibited the reaction.
35 ither the crystalline order nor unit cell of hemozoin are affected by impaired PV5 function.
36 H]quinoline compounds became associated with hemozoin as assessed by electron microscope autoradiogra
37 physiologic amounts of P. falciparum-derived hemozoin augment NOS type 2 (NOS2) transcripts and NO pr
38  to the cytosolic compartment is mediated by hemozoin, because incubation of purified malaria pigment
39              The compound inhibits synthetic hemozoin (beta-hematin) formation, with IC(50) values lo
40 moiety, inhibited the formation of synthetic hemozoin (beta-hematin) with IC(50) values lower than ch
41 steps for accurate quantification of de novo hemozoin/beta-hematin formation was verified experimenta
42 trying to unravel the molecular mechanism of hemozoin biosynthesis within the parasite digestive vacu
43 d erythrocytes as well as the malaria toxin, hemozoin, but its susceptibility to oxidative stress and
44 esented here demonstrate that acquisition of hemozoin by monocytes is associated with suppression of
45 sponding fraction of hemoglobin converted to hemozoin, calculated based on the known magnetic suscept
46 decreased hemoglobin concentrations and that hemozoin can induce NOS2-derived NO formation in culture
47  data suggest that surface-exposed metals on hemozoin catalyze peroxide decomposition to drive crysta
48  malaria-naive individuals demonstrated that hemozoin caused both increased and decreased MIF product
49 , binding of [3H]quinoline inhibitors to the hemozoin chain depended on the addition of heme substrat
50 The X-ray patterns indicated the presence of hemozoin clusters, each comprising several crystals alig
51 IF when stimulated with the malarial product hemozoin compared with cells carrying low expression MIF
52 sion was associated with increased placental hemozoin concentrations.
53 e parasites, compatible with the increase in hemozoin content and the mechanism used by P. falciparum
54 ce coverage is sufficient to inhibit further hemozoin crystal growth, thereby sabotaging heme detoxif
55 ency in depriving heme from docking onto the hemozoin crystal surface.
56 These results unambiguously demonstrate that hemozoin crystallites are identical to synthetic beta-he
57 due to ferric (Fe(3+)) paramagnetic state in hemozoin crystallites which induce a measurable change i
58 e of free heme which is rapidly converted to hemozoin crystallites.
59 s of cellular hemoglobin and convert it into hemozoin crystallites.
60   Moreover, unconjugated bilirubin inhibited hemozoin crystallization and compromised the parasite's
61 quinine, amodiaquine) function by preventing hemozoin crystallization.
62  the infected erythrocytes, forming nontoxic hemozoin crystals from large quantities of heme released
63                                              Hemozoin crystals have been reported to form within lipi
64 ies (for example, the formation of insoluble hemozoin crystals in malaria-causing Plasmodium parasite
65 n vivo, we probed the mutual orientations of hemozoin crystals in situ within RBCs using synchrotron-
66 id death, the parasite synthesizes insoluble hemozoin crystals in the digestive vacuole through polym
67      To detoxify excess heme, parasites form hemozoin crystals that rapidly tumble inside this compar
68 y to address the location and orientation of hemozoin crystals within the digestive vacuole (DV), as
69  electron microscopy of a cluster of aligned hemozoin crystals within the parasite digestive vacuole.
70 hough most FV heme is sequestered into inert hemozoin crystals, prior studies indicate that trace hem
71  berghei results in inordinate elongation of hemozoin crystals, while conditional PV5 inactivation in
72  microscopy, we observe that bromoquine caps hemozoin crystals.
73 uesters the released toxic heme as innocuous hemozoin crystals.
74  cells by sequestration into submicron-sized hemozoin crystals.
75 ed alternative activation in the presence of hemozoin developed a phenotype specifically lacking in R
76  that the intact organelle, but not isolated hemozoin, dually activates the alternative complement an
77 ucidate how these drugs inhibit formation of hemozoin during metabolism of heme within the malarial p
78                The ab initio analysis of the hemozoin elementary cell showed that the Fe(3+) ion is i
79 TNF-alpha) abrogates this increase; and that hemozoin enhances HIV production.
80 rding the lack of quinoline association with hemozoin, explain the exaggerated accumulation of quinol
81 s in syncytiotrophoblast is promoted by both hemozoin exposure and maternal inflammatory responses to
82 etic susceptibilities of hemoglobin heme and hemozoin ferriheme, was 0.50, in agreement with the publ
83 its pyridine substructure, but inhibition of hemozoin formation and parasite growth depends on its 4-
84 ailored role of a lipocalin family member in hemozoin formation and underscore the heme biomineraliza
85 ry mechanistic studies suggest inhibition of hemozoin formation as a contributing mode of action.
86 ng and identification of novel inhibitors of hemozoin formation as potential blood schizontocidal ant
87 ng DNA aptamers efficiently inhibit in vitro hemozoin formation catalyzed by either a model lipid sys
88               Quinoline antimalarials target hemozoin formation causing a cytotoxic accumulation of f
89                 Selected analogues inhibited hemozoin formation in Plasmodium falciparum causing high
90 n, indicating that the RCQ molecules inhibit hemozoin formation in the parasite's digestive vacuole i
91 a-hematin (synthetic hemozoin) formation and hemozoin formation in the parasite.
92                                              Hemozoin formation is critical for parasite survival and
93                                Inhibition of hemozoin formation possibly contributes to the mechanism
94 rocytes, and electron microscopy showed that hemozoin formation was defective in transgenic mice.
95 ifficult to reconcile with recent reports of hemozoin formation within lipid droplets in the digestiv
96  protein, PfHDP, a major protein involved in hemozoin formation, as a novel drug target.
97                       Hemoglobin degradation/hemozoin formation, essential steps in the Plasmodium li
98 ein like MSP3, which does not participate in hemozoin formation, may suggest a protective role agains
99           Although 1 was a weak inhibitor of hemozoin formation, neither isostere inhibited P. falcip
100 In addition to being bona fide inhibitors of hemozoin formation, the 1H-benzimidazole analogues also
101  mechanisms in addition to the inhibition of hemozoin formation.
102 f chloroquine and involves the inhibition of hemozoin formation.
103 is, HRPs bind the liberated heme and mediate hemozoin formation.
104 in degradation pathway through inhibition of hemozoin formation.
105   All inhibited both beta-hematin (synthetic hemozoin) formation and hemozoin formation in the parasi
106 n vitro beta-hematin (synthetic identical to hemozoin) formation by these laboratories has led to inc
107 r effects on the inhibition of beta-hematin (hemozoin) formation, and the results were compared with
108 ecific growth sites may be a general mode of hemozoin growth inhibition for the quinoline antimalaria
109 of action of antimalarial drugs that inhibit hemozoin growth.
110 Although the static structural properties of hemozoin have been extensively investigated, crystal mot
111 s)-derived neuronal cultures stimulated with hemozoin (HMZ) - the malarial toxin as a model for CM.
112  get insight into the relevance of targeting hemozoin (Hz) crystals, two isomeric series, N5,N10-bis-
113  for monomeric vs dimeric heme, and quantify hemozoin (Hz) formation inhibition in vitro.
114 led a pattern of intracellular inhibition of hemozoin (Hz) formation reminiscent of CQ's action.
115                                              Hemozoin (HZ) is an insoluble crystal formed in the food
116 malarial parasites and use those to quantify hemozoin (Hz) produced within the living parasite digest
117 s a role for Plasmodium products, especially hemozoin (Hz), in suppressed erythropoiesis during malar
118                         Malarial pigment, or hemozoin (Hz), is an undegradable crystalline product of
119 a second parasite factor, malaria pigment or hemozoin (Hz), signals NOS induction through ERK- and nu
120             The mutants produce little or no hemozoin (Hz), the detoxification by-product of Hb degra
121 tic stage, during which heme is converted to hemozoin (Hz).
122 e donors revealed that P. falciparum-derived hemozoin (Hz; malarial pigment) and synthetic Hz (beta-h
123        Since deposition of malarial pigment (hemozoin [Hz]) contributes to suppression of erythropoie
124 enzamidines interfered with the formation of hemozoin in cell-free systems.
125 rythrocytes in the intervillous space but no hemozoin in macrophages nor increased intervillous infla
126 ve for P. falciparum presented parasites and hemozoin in macrophages or fibrin as well as intervillou
127  of white and red clots, melanoma cells, and hemozoin in malaria-infected erythrocytes against a bloo
128 enerates a transient vapor nanobubble around hemozoin in response to a short and safe near-infrared p
129                                 Formation of hemozoin in the malaria parasite, due to its unique natu
130 tor, and tumor necrosis factor combined with hemozoin in vitro exhibited increased markers of an anti
131     This was associated with accumulation of hemozoin, increased of proinflammatory response and impa
132 i-infected erythrocytes or malarial pigment (hemozoin) induces the release of macrophage migration in
133 ably detailed investigations exist for other hemozoin inhibiting chemotypes.
134 e-binding aptamers recapitulate the in vitro hemozoin inhibition activity and induce parasite toxicit
135 vided further insights into the mechanism of hemozoin inhibition, suggesting chloroquine binding to t
136 uirement for compounds with similar in vitro hemozoin inhibitory potency to preconcentrate within the
137                                              Hemozoin is a crystalline metabolite of hemoglobin diges
138                                              Hemozoin is neither a TLR9 ligand for DCs nor functions
139                             The heme polymer hemozoin is produced in the food vacuole (fv) of the par
140 with KCs, triggered by uptake of circulating hemozoin, is a novel mechanism of macrophage depletion a
141 malaria-infected placentas: some but not all hemozoin-laden maternal macrophages produced MIP-1 beta
142 V production by 40%-50% (P < .001), and that hemozoin-laden monocytes/macrophages that were preincuba
143 and IL-8 were produced by maternally derived hemozoin-laden placental macrophages.
144 trends as a function of parasite density and hemozoin level.
145 se in HIV-seropositive women with increasing hemozoin levels.
146  to ongoing stimulation of CD4(+) T cells by hemozoin-loaded antigen-presenting cells within lymphoid
147 s, with direct measurements of the synthetic hemozoin magnetization.
148                                              Hemozoin (malaria pigment) has been implicated in the mo
149 erived interaction potentials, we found that hemozoin motion exhibits unexpectedly tight confinement
150                            This work reveals hemozoin motion in malaria parasites as a biological exa
151 ions that suppress peroxide formation slowed hemozoin motion inside parasites.
152                               We report that hemozoin nanocrystals demonstrate superparamagnetic prop
153 lysis of the diffusion separation of natural hemozoin nanocrystals in the magnetic field gradient, wi
154 nce that acylglycerol lipids are involved in hemozoin nucleation in vivo, and nucleation of beta-hema
155          In order to ascertain the nature of hemozoin nucleation in vivo, we probed the mutual orient
156                                 We find that hemozoin nucleation occurs at the DV inner membrane, wit
157           Their analysis supports a model of hemozoin nucleation primarily in the DV.
158                                    Templated hemozoin nucleation was envisaged to explain a classic o
159 loroquine transport, and in association with hemozoin of the digestive vacuole, where chloroquine inh
160                 In this study, the impact of hemozoin on cytokine production by intervillous blood mo
161  was a dose-dependent, suppressive effect of hemozoin on production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma),
162  designed to evaluate the effect of purified hemozoin on the in vitro activation of myeloid dendritic
163 e production dysregulated by accumulation of hemozoin or high-density parasitemia may induce patholog
164 y large paramagnetic susceptibility of these hemozoin particles, which induce substantial changes in
165 owing the ingestion of Plasmodium falciparum hemozoin (pfHz; malarial pigment) by peripheral blood mo
166 tion of naturally acquired malarial pigment (hemozoin [PfHz]) by monocytes promoted the overproductio
167 ysregulated in response to malarial pigment (hemozoin [PfHz]) revealed that stem cell growth factor (
168    Yet these cells show a minor reduction in hemozoin production and IC(50) for chloroquine.
169 cells within 4 h after invasion, which makes hemozoin promising as a spectrally selective marker at t
170 immunostimulatory activity of pure synthetic hemozoin (sHz) in vitro and in vivo.
171 has been implicated in (i) the production of hemozoin, the black pigment associated with disease, as
172  DV may serve a useful function in directing hemozoin to phagocytic cells for safe disposal.
173 primary human syncytiotrophoblast exposed to hemozoin, tumor necrosis factor, and tumor necrosis fact
174 erve to augment the initial host response to hemozoin via activation of the NALP3 inflammasome.
175 ature, and the quantity of extraerythrocytic hemozoin was higher, compared with mild MR cases (n = 5)
176 atically explore this hypothesis, S. mansoni hemozoin was purified and added to in vitro bone marrow-
177 n of beta-hematin, the synthetic analogue of hemozoin, was consistently induced at an acylglycerol-wa
178 h protection against schistosomiasis, making hemozoin well placed to play an important immunomodulato
179 e, thereby increasing the levels of heme and hemozoin, which are lethal to the parasite.
180 somes detoxify heme via crystallization into hemozoin, which is subsequently regurgitated into the ho
181 nd its initial application to DIC imaging of hemozoin within live, synchronized, intraerythrocytic Pl
182  inhibit the crystallization of hematin into hemozoin within the parasite, ultimately leading to its
183  is detoxified by crystallization into inert hemozoin within the parasitic digestive vacuole.

 
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