ライフサイエンスコーパス: herbivore

1 abundance cycles and trends of this dominant herbivore.

2 shaping gut microbial communities in a large herbivore.

3 er infectivity toward a defense sequestering herbivore.

4 attractive or even repellent to a specialist herbivore.

5 ndirectly induce greater food consumption by herbivores.

6 ex plant phenotypes, including resistance to herbivores.

7 cting information process between plants and herbivores.

8 anced plant resistance against wide range of herbivores.

9 tly, but not exclusively, identified in wild herbivores.

10 ticide use among crops against pathogens and herbivores.

11 faecal samples from 21 wild and domesticated herbivores.

12 re rapidly eroding because of overgrazing by herbivores.

13 o inhibit insect PGs and protect plants from herbivores.

14 ortant role in enhancing plant resistance to herbivores.

15 e the interactions between plants and insect herbivores.

16 DD): competition for resources and attack by herbivores.

17 ombined food and water requirements of large herbivores.

18 nteractions between plants, pollinators, and herbivores.

19 onary and ecological research on microscopic herbivores.

20 and tolerance traits protect plants against herbivores.

21 ce relied mainly on the consumption of large herbivores.

22 rmine the thermal limit in this community of herbivores.

23 rmation about the ecology and environment of herbivores.

24 bly low energy expenditure compared to other herbivores.

25 nt relatives, including likely omnivores and herbivores.

26 land-use change on plants, pollinators, and herbivores.

27 ong light, nutrients, and protection against herbivores.

28 ts alone can alter plants' interactions with herbivores.

29 ing to plants causes tooth wear in mammalian herbivores.

30 verall importance of waterpoints for dryland herbivores.

31 roductivity-that particularly targets insect herbivores.

32 hanged the density and identity of mammalian herbivores.

33 hern Africa, we find that intermediate-sized herbivores (100-550 kg) switch activity to hotter times

34 d to be adaptive, as it can deter subsequent herbivores [4], attract natural enemies of herbivores [5

35 t herbivores [4], attract natural enemies of herbivores [5], or transmit information about attacks be

36 ive plants reduced bacterial biomass by 12%, herbivore abundance by 55% and predator abundance by 52%

37 n keystone predation that favor increases in herbivore abundance tend to have negative consequences f

38 ld experienced more herbivory and had higher herbivore abundance than those growing in full-sun.

39 when phloem-feeders were present and chewing herbivore abundance was high.

40 ivore) < delta(66)Zn(omnivore) < delta(66)Zn(herbivore)) according to their expected feeding habits w

41 land arthropod taxa-Auchenorrhyncha, sucking herbivores, Acrididae, chewing herbivores, Tettigoniidae

42 nsumption rates by animals and can structure herbivores across landscapes.

43 plants, and, therefore, whether selection by herbivores affects the evolution of such VOC signaling,

44 To exploit this fleeting resource, migrating herbivores align their movements to surf the wave of spr

45 upply is predicted to increase biomass where herbivores alter community composition or are limited by

46 evealed that trophic position of the chewing herbivore and omnivore increased significantly with plan

47 eased in response to attacks by pathogens or herbivores and activate immune responses against them.

48 mmune receptors in the perception of chewing herbivores and defense.

49 de-off exists between plant defenses against herbivores and defenses against pathogens, but few studi

50 whose shortfall targets two trophic levels - herbivores and detritivores.

51 nents, experimentally manipulated vertebrate herbivores and elemental nutrients to determine their ef

52 pulations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients.

53 Thus, herbivores and fungi reduce biomass production, concurre

54 Despite fluctuating conditions, herbivores and humans had the flexibility and resilience

55 d expand on this work with other macrophytes/herbivores and longer-term experiments to more realistic

56 , plant traits, soil biota, and invertebrate herbivores and measured indicators of carbon cycling.

57 commodity used by plants to manipulate their herbivores and mutualists, and by consumers like bison a

58 Plants defend against herbivores and nematodes by rapidly sending signals from

59 tly to these drivers: the biomass of sucking herbivores and omnivores increased with plant biomass; t

60 ubs, both within and among habitats, whereas herbivores and parasitoids typically have more periphera

61 Plant interactions with herbivores and pathogens are among the most widespread e

62 sical force and to resist external attack by herbivores and pathogens but can in many cases expand, c

63 plants because unrelated crops accrue fewer herbivores and pathogens.

64 th the new emergent communities dominated by herbivores and persisting for >15 years, a period exceed

65 roximate forces that create omnivores out of herbivores and predators have long fascinated ecologists

66 evolutionary history or ecological roles as herbivores and predators, respectively.

67 derstanding the dietary strategies of fossil herbivores and the associated temporal changes is one as

68 ons between a rich community of lepidopteran herbivores and their host plants across a mosaic of low-

69 nd reduced visibility originated from larger herbivores and were higher in N:P ratios.

70 tegrates multiple simultaneous stressors for herbivores and yields an extensive set of testable hypot

71 ge) as one major axis, and diet (invertivore-herbivore) and habitat breadth (generalist-specialist) a

72 mortality concentrated in primary producer, herbivore, and omnivore guilds.

73 drought, high and low temperature, flooding, herbivore, and pathogen stresses.

74 by the exceptional numbers of nectarivores, herbivores, and detritivores.

75 Leaf-chewing and leaf-mining herbivores, and predatory ants and spiders, were censuse

76 Interactions between ants and phloem-feeding herbivores are characterised as a keystone mutualism bec

77 Natural enemies of herbivores are expected to adapt to the defence strategi

78 Insect herbivores are frequently reported to metabolize plant d

79 habitat changes on range dynamics for large herbivores are not well understood.

80 lated traits and demographic rates, which in herbivores are often linked to resource-driven variation

81 nt in pest systems, particularly when insect herbivores are used as biological control agents to mana

82 erpentine soils-despite large differences in herbivore assemblage size across years.

83 seven million years shows that ancient large-herbivore assemblages were functionally distinct from th

84 Herbivore-associated bacterial amplification reflects co

85 and often involve the perception of specific herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs); however

86 ts perceive damage-associated and, possibly, herbivore-associated molecular patterns via receptors th

87 ts that when apex predators disappear, large herbivores become less fearful, occupy new habitats, and

88 We know less about their effects on herbivore behaviour and especially on spatial patterns o

89 e combined targeted metabolomics with insect herbivore bioassays and with a set of growth-related tra

90 itment, to determine how exposure influences herbivore biomass and herbivory.

91 In grasslands where spider biomass was low, herbivore biomass increased with plant biomass, whereas

92 Here, we assess the relationship between herbivore body size and the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio

93 We conclude that delta(2)H in herbivore bone collagen can be used as a geolocation tra

94 will likely contribute to declines in insect herbivores by depleting nutrients from their already nut

95 ct defence, the adaptive top-down control of herbivores by plant traits that enhance predation, is a

96 guild competition and top-down regulation of herbivores by predators.

97 are exposed to a plant defense sequestering herbivore can evolve both behavioral and metabolic resis

98 on that includes enhancement of invertebrate herbivores can reverse the ecological phase shift on cor

99 Adapted herbivores can tolerate and sometimes sequester these me

100 a otters, Enhydra lutris (which gave rise to herbivores capable of causing bioerosion), and then acce

101 The resistance of S. altissima plants to herbivores changed over succession, with concomitant shi

102 For migratory herbivores, climate change poses a new and growing threa

103 how that phytochemical similarity and shared herbivore communities are associated with decreased grow

104 mprehensive dataset of 305 modern and fossil herbivore communities spanning the last ~7 Myr.

105 ocesses that change the size distribution of herbivore communities, such as predation or size-biased

106 e interactions, as well as the similarity of herbivore communities.

107 tors that affect the average body size of an herbivore community (such as predation risk and food ava

108 ne how shifts in the average body size of an herbivore community alter the ratios at which nitrogen a

109 potheses about the expected changes in large herbivore community composition following climate change

110 rial food webs are hypothesised to depend on herbivore community structure and bottom-up effects on p

111 lings in the context of spatial variation in herbivore community structure and habitat quality.

112 field observations of fish herbivore composition, abundance and activity across 6 e

113 ate grazing intensity or domestic livestock, herbivores consumed the additional fertilization-induced

114 We show that dung from larger-bodied herbivores contain lower quantities of phosphorus per un

115 st that grassland biomass will outstrip wild herbivore control as human activities increase elemental

116 Herbivores counteract plant defenses through biochemical

117 Altering VOC emission in response to herbivore damage has been hypothesized to be adaptive, a

118 Herbivore damage was inversely correlated with plant rep

119 Experimentally eliciting anti-herbivore defences reshaped within-host fitness ranks am

120 Among these, herbivore defense has received significant attention, pa

121 ents and the resulting nutritional value for herbivores determine foliar sodium biogeography in herba

122 Herbivores developed antibodies against 3 different hema

123 Additionally, elevated CO(2) delays herbivore development, but increased temperatures accele

124 o plays a central, though unheralded role in herbivore digestion, via its importance to maintaining m

125 Large-bodied mammalian herbivores dominated Earth's terrestrial ecosystems for

126 s profoundly changed, with low trophic level herbivores dominating the responses.

127 d encompassing the near extirpation of large herbivores during the Mozambican Civil War.

128 al manipulations in a subset of these reefs (herbivore exclosures); and iii.

129 responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient

130 show that anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, herbivore exclusion and alterations in future climatic c

131 e show that nutrient addition and vertebrate herbivore exclusion each caused sustained increases in a

132 The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization co

133 whereas those from populations experiencing herbivore exclusion induced resistance only in neighbors

134 We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fer

135 The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature - herb

136 utrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply,

137 ated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion.

138 Some large herbivores exhibit seasonal adjustments in their energy

139 These herbivores face a tight window for foraging activity bei

140 Thus, the future for Arctic herbivores facing climate change may be brighter than th

141 eth that record the dietary patterns of nine herbivore families in the late Pliocene and early Pleist

142 The collective herbivore fauna shows two major change points in carbon

143 the ecological structure of eastern Africa's herbivore faunas came to resemble those of the present,

144 Nutrients released through herbivore feces have the potential to influence plant-av

145 ize and the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios of herbivore feces.

146 DNA metabarcoding revealed that ruminant herbivores fed heavily on mimosa, and experimental exclo

147 and their detoxification strongly influence herbivore fitness but might only subtly affect a third t

148 Migrating herbivores, for example, are hypothesized to track seaso

149 s into the evolution of large-bodied grazing herbivores from small-bodied browsing ancestors.

150 Fire and herbivore functional traits are generally considered sep

151 ion was strongest for omnivores, herbivores, herbivore-granivores and granivores during spring and au

152 We investigated how large herbivore grazing affects soil micro-food webs (microbes

153 atabase for all extant and extinct mammalian herbivores >=10 kg known from the earliest LP (~130,000

154 roductivity by mediating effects of multiple herbivore guilds.

155 cialization theory, this defense-suppressing herbivore has extremely reduced environmental response g

156 itionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under

157 synchronization was strongest for omnivores, herbivores, herbivore-granivores and granivores during s

158 he consequences of climate change for Arctic herbivores, highlighting the positive impact of warming

159 C & delta(15)N) in cave bears than in strict herbivores (i.e. Cervus elaphus) recovered from the same

160 In herbivores, immunity is determined, in part, by phytoche

161 m coevolutionary cycles as specialization in herbivores imposes diversifying selection on plant chemi

162 ramework using data on movement of an insect herbivore in 15 experimental landscapes.

163 a species-rich community of large mammalian herbivores in a semi-arid East African savanna.

164 weedy communities, trapped by fire and large herbivores in a state of arrested succession, is untenab

165 dian delta(13)C(diet) expected for mammalian herbivores in any closed-canopy rainforest is -27.2 per

166 Most large herbivores in arid landscapes need to drink which constr

167 Herbivores in low productivity environments moved more t

168 ow productivity environments moved more than herbivores in more productive habitats.

169 seeds produces the greatest effect on insect herbivores in subsequent mature plants, even though the

170 ctivity and alter the distributions of shrub herbivores in the Arctic, including creation of novel co

171 g strategy was the key for survival of large herbivores in the changing environmental conditions of t

172 ta, whereas PtAAS1 likely contributes to the herbivore-induced emission of 2-phenylethanol.

173 Our data indicate that PtAADC1 controls the herbivore-induced formation of 2-phenylethylamine and 2-

174 rbivory to decipher the mechanisms of insect herbivore-induced plant defence responses.

175 in putative identification of regulators of herbivore-induced terpenoid, green-leaf volatiles and cu

176 ly increase resistance in rice to subsequent herbivore infestation.

177 Large herbivores influence ecosystem functioning via their eff

178 heoretical support for the notion that plant-herbivore interaction networks are plastic rather than s

179 enes and proteins that are involved in plant-herbivore interactions and discuss how their discovery h

180 hat among ecosystems, distributions of plant-herbivore interactions are consistently skewed, with a s

181 Spatial variation in plant-herbivore interactions can be important in pest systems,

182 Plant-herbivore interactions have evolved in response to coevo

183 a recording plant-VOC associations and plant-herbivore interactions in a tropical dry forest.

184 The molecular basis of plant-herbivore interactions is now well established for model

185 Cycad-herbivore interactions provide a promising but underutil

186 on and can refine our understanding of plant-herbivore interactions, in particular by accounting for

187 order to understand the dynamics of soybean-herbivore interactions.

188 e predation, is a central component of plant-herbivore interactions.

189 ructured the current standard model of plant-herbivore interactions.

190 ns of how climate change could disrupt plant-herbivore interactions.

191 ophic groups (primary producers, mutualists, herbivores, invertebrate predators, and vertebrate preda

192 distribution of an entire community of large herbivores is explained by species-specific responses to

193 rthern hemisphere, where feeding by tropical herbivores is predicted to expand from the northern Cari

194 succinogenes S85, isolated from the rumen of herbivores, is capable of robust lignocellulose degradat

195 The decline of large herbivores led to widespread ecological changes due to t

196 re exclusion was contingent on temperature - herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder site

197 growth, which may also apply to other large herbivores living in highly seasonal environments elsewh

198 Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these chang

199 bolites that are transferred through adapted herbivores may result in the evolution of resistance in

200 Many host-associated herbivores migrated along with their host plants.

201 by accounting for the discovery that adapted herbivores misuse plant secondary metabolites for multip

202 Herbivores most effectively reduced the additional live

203 Herbivore movement and the spatial patterns of damage th

204 A recent model predicted that informed herbivore movement coupled with communication between pl

205 ur results establish the connections between herbivore movements, space-use, individual preference, a

206 Herbivore natural enemies protect plants by regulating h

207 study reveals a new facet of the biology of herbivore natural enemies that boosts their predation su

208 to a better understanding of the capacity of herbivore natural enemies to resist plant defence metabo

209 may result in the evolution of resistance in herbivore natural enemies.

210 By considering the broader scope of plant-herbivore-natural enemy interactions that comprise indir

211 In both years, the plant-herbivore network was more modular on serpentine than on

212 The plant-flower-visitor and plant-herbivore networks showed higher values of vulnerability

213 ea bruchid ( Callosobruchus maculatus) is an herbivore of legumes including beans and peas.

214 Herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores were the guilds th

215 ortionate ecological impacts of large-bodied herbivores on factors such as vegetation structure, hydr

216 ow trophic levels(22), particularly browsing herbivores on regime-shifted reefs." These errors have n

217 d a higher dietary niche width than obligate herbivores or piscivores.

218 o protect plants from insects, pathogens, or herbivores or to mediate interactions with beneficial or

219 ore C(4) plants, more animal tissues of C(4) herbivores, or both, but it is also possible that this c

220 To increase resource gain, many herbivores pace their migration with the flush of nutrit

221 r chrysanthemum growth, as well as plant and herbivore parameters.

222 gest that sodium's critical role in limiting herbivore performance makes it a commodity used by plant

223 s of induced resistance and their effects on herbivore performance.

224 ction observations, we constructed 16 hybrid herbivore-plant-pollinator networks along an agricultura

225 hic responses may therefore be important for herbivore population dynamics in fluctuating environment

226 dy condition-mediated effects indicates that herbivore population dynamics may be more resilient to c

227 ights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide.

228 natural enemies protect plants by regulating herbivore populations.

229 o protect themselves from pathogen attack or herbivore predation.

230 These results suggest that herbivore pressure is the primary mechanism driving NDD

231 ecies growing at sites characterized by high herbivore pressure would converge to produce highly toxi

232 st in environments with drastically changing herbivore pressure, for example over community successio

233 Induced plant responses to herbivores promote resistance and often involve the perc

234 ined receptors and elicitors associated with herbivore recognition remain elusive.

235 panoid biosynthesis pathway and 17 relate to herbivore recognition, defence signalling or programmed

236 ociated fungi, and to a lesser extent insect herbivores, reduce seedling recruitment and survival at

237 nhance defense responses against rhizosphere herbivores, remains poorly understood.

238 experiment, to assess how fertilization and herbivore removal affected potential (laboratory-based)

239 eclined most strongly with fertilization and herbivore removal at sites with lower MAP and higher T.q

240 fertilization alone and in combination with herbivore removal consistently increased potential soil

241 Herbivore removal in the absence of fertilization did no

242 little is known about how fertilization and herbivore removal individually, or jointly, affect soil

243 multiple AGF taxa, and demonstrate that wild herbivores represent a yet-untapped reservoir of AGF div

244 dient of old-field succession to examine the herbivore resistance and rhizosphere microbial communiti

245 ccession microbiomes conferred the strongest herbivore resistance to S. altissima plants in a glassho

246 to the shifts in rhizosphere communities and herbivore resistance we observed, our results indicated

247 nal years in a glasshouse and compared their herbivore resistance.

248 Many introduced herbivores restore trait combinations that have the capa

249 ooked that the spatial distribution of large herbivores results from their responses to interacting t

250 ed the spatial responses of a resident large herbivore (roe deer Capreolus capreolus) using an in sit

251 nsect, but also have some interplay with the herbivore's microbiome.

252 h as those induced by microbial symbionts in herbivore secretions and mechanical stimulation caused b

253 Herbivory provided an explanation: herbivores selectively reduced high nutrient, high sodiu

254 capacity to cope with plant metabolites that herbivores sequester as a defence.

255 should benefit from nitrogen inputs and that herbivores should benefit from subsequent higher plant p

256 However, the presence of hyperabundant herbivores significantly increased the sensitivity of ec

257 bits were observed, with a trophic carnivore-herbivore spacing of +0.60 per mille and omnivores havin

258 We reveal that plant VOC redundancy and herbivore specialization can be explained by a conflicti

259 les from an assemblage of 33 sympatric large-herbivore species (27 native, 6 domesticated) in a semia

260 ature and our own observations to categorize herbivore species as generalists (feeding on more than o

261 off and Landing (VTOL) UAS to approach seven herbivore species in the Moremi Game Reserve, Botswana,

262 , we assessed the extent to which introduced herbivore species restore lost-or contribute novel-funct

263 ecently, humans have significantly increased herbivore species richness through introductions in many

264 However, herbivore species use nutrients in set stoichiometric ra

265 al bleaching increased fishery dependence on herbivore species, our results show that climate-impacte

266 olution diet profiles for 25 sympatric large-herbivore species.

267 world, including hundreds of carnivoran and herbivore specimens, we clarify the paleobiology of the

268 y from larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore Spodoptera littoralis, indicating that the MKK

269 tion, metal toxicity) and biotic (pathogens, herbivores) stress factors.

270 damage deserves more consideration in plant-herbivore studies.

271 n which might benefit other important cotton herbivores such as plant bugs.

272 be especially important for calcified marine herbivores, such as the pinto abalone (Haliotis kamschat

273 ncha, sucking herbivores, Acrididae, chewing herbivores, Tettigoniidae, omnivores, and Araneae, preda

274 t resistance against chewing and sap-feeding herbivores than classic diversity indices.

275 se in antipredator behavior was stronger for herbivores than for omnivores or carnivores and for soli

276 d that exposed reefs were less controlled by herbivores than sheltered reefs.

277 Thus, herbivores that are exposed to a plant defense sequester

278 Whether biotic factors, such as insect herbivores that represent external sinks for plant C, im

279 rasses and sequestered by a specialist maize herbivore, the western corn rootworm.

280 f anti-feeding deterrents to mitigate future herbivore threats such as the Emerald ash borer.

281 Plants defend themselves against herbivores through the production of toxic and deterrent

282 thase, and that the response of a specialist herbivore to linalool depends on enantiomer, plant genot

283 nfluence trait expression in both plants and herbivores to evaluate how climate change will alter thi

284 Unravelling the responses of insect herbivores to light-environment-mediated variation in th

285 nditions and plastic responses by generalist herbivores to low host plant quality.

286 ncreased with plant biomass; that of chewing herbivores tracked plant quality; and predator biomass d

287 Plant's encounter with insect herbivores trigger defense signaling networks that fine-

288 mmunity-wide field study of African savannah herbivores using multi-layered network analysis.

289 icant changes in leaf traits when vertebrate herbivores were excluded in the short-term.

290 Surprisingly, several putative herbivores were found to readily consume immature monarc

291 y competitive interactions (n = 25), whereas herbivores were more influenced by predation and parasit

292 ficantly decreased in fertilized plots where herbivores were removed.

293 Interactions with soil biota and herbivores were the strongest drivers of exotic plant ef

294 predicts a shift from resource limitation of herbivores when plant production is low, to predator lim

295 gomycota) reside in the alimentary tracts of herbivores where they play a central role in the breakdo

296 lly similar, relying on the same terrestrial herbivores, whereas mobility strategies indicate conside

297 ntal stresses, including attack by arthropod herbivores whose feeding activity is often stimulated by

298 Theory predicts that food-limited herbivores will consume any additional biomass stimulate

299 uments communities of large-bodied mammalian herbivores with ecological structures differing dramatic

300 re) changes on the foraging ecology of large herbivores, with forests playing a major role as a refug