ライフサイエンスコーパス: herbivorous

1 e insect orders, but they are overwhelmingly herbivorous.

2 y have been predominantly if not exclusively herbivorous.

3 Interestingly, notoungulates were mostly herbivorous and acquired high-crowned teeth very early i

4 Manipulating snail densities revealed that herbivorous and bull-dozing snails (Littorina littorea)

5 lains differences in scaling exponents among herbivorous and carnivorous mammals and birds.

6 robial activity mirrored differences between herbivorous and carnivorous mammals, reflecting trade-of

7 obiomes, including other reptiles, fish, and herbivorous and carnivorous mammals.

8 However, rodents are primarily herbivorous and exhibit a variety of gastrointestinal an

9 ensity extremes are not supported by data on herbivorous and omnivorous birds.

10 ting similarities with the gut microbiota of herbivorous and omnivorous hosts, some differentially ab

11 apture in the gastrointestinal tract of many herbivorous and omnivorous mammals, including humans and

12 rder to examine patterns of covariance among herbivorous and predatory arthropod guilds.

13 % of the >7,800 species are considered to be herbivorous, and herbivory is restricted to lizards.

14 This suggests that eleutherodontids are herbivorous, and probably specialized for granivory or f

15 Herbivorous animal dung offers opportunities for discove

16 As free-living organisms and symbionts of herbivorous animals, Actinobacteria contribute to the gl

17 Especially in herbivorous animals, specialized organs (the rumen, cecu

18 ical functions to their hosts, especially in herbivorous animals.

19 ive independent origins of symbioses between herbivorous ants and related Rhizobiales.

20 Urbanization affects communities of herbivorous arthropods and provides opportunities for dr

21 micals are emitted in response to feeding by herbivorous arthropods and serve to guide predators and

22 es to studying life-history traits in minute herbivorous arthropods are hampered by the need to work

23 e prediction that populations of terrestrial herbivorous arthropods are regulated solely by their nat

24 Herbivorous arthropods are the most diverse group of mul

25 Plants typically respond to attacks by herbivorous arthropods by releasing specific blends of v

26 Natural enemies of herbivorous arthropods generally are not top predators w

27 of vertebrate insectivores on predatory and herbivorous arthropods were positively correlated.

28 ces or provide other ecosystem resources for herbivorous arthropods, and indirectly serve carnivorous

29 , bats, or lizards on predaceous arthropods, herbivorous arthropods, and plants.

30 saliva proteomes of several piercing-sucking herbivorous arthropods, including the small brown planth

31 bstances (PFASs) and mercury (Hg) in eggs of herbivorous barnacle geese ( Branta leucopsis) from an i

32 A new, bizarre herbivorous basal tetanuran from the Upper Jurassic of C

33 s are usually presumed to have been strictly herbivorous, because their derived teeth and jaws were c

34 l migration, the control of phytoplankton by herbivorous becomes possible even for very large concent

35 ing ash dieback, and in North America by the herbivorous beetle Agrilus planipennis.

36 Quaternary has affected its host-associated herbivorous beetle-Monochamus sartor.

37 large-scale molecular phylogeny for weevils (herbivorous beetles in the superfamily Curculionoidea),

38 The extraordinary diversity of herbivorous beetles is usually attributed to coevolution

39 tophaga, the largest and oldest radiation of herbivorous beetles, was reconstructed from 115 complete

40 thogens, but may also aid in defense against herbivorous beetles.

41 ambient light conditions, phytoplankton, and herbivorous biomass.

42 emperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, herbivorous bird species often track the phenology of ve

43 Herbivorous birds are hypothesized to migrate in spring

44 s a generalized morphology shared with other herbivorous birds, including an extant avian folivore, t

45 ility that is consistent with that of extant herbivorous birds.

46 toxins, was most strongly supported for the herbivorous Brazilian porcupine.

47 P. boisei has been characterized as an herbivorous C(4) specialist, and paradoxically, its demi

48 thyl mercury (THg and MeHg, respectively) in herbivorous (Calanus hyperboreus) and predatory (Chaetog

49 nt to explain the movement of nearly half of herbivorous caribou and a quarter of omnivorous grizzly

50 ic tyrannosaurid predators, and large-bodied herbivorous ceratopsids and hadrosaurids-were highly suc

51 t allowed this mutualism to become the prime herbivorous component of neotropical ecosystems has rema

52 me docodontans had a diet with a substantial herbivorous component, distinctive from the faunivorous

53 ion of carnivores in ridding plants of their herbivorous consumers, as opposed to directly poisoning

54 nsumption rates in three dominant species of herbivorous copepods (Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glac

55 razing capability of the Caribbean's largest herbivorous crab (Maguimithrax spinosissimus)(9) led us

56 an cause salt marsh die-off by releasing the herbivorous crab Sesarma reticulatum from predator contr

57 depletion on Cape Cod (USA) has released the herbivorous crab Sesarmareticulatum from predator contro

58 geochemical analysis, around the burrow of a herbivorous crab.

59 nsitory unless maintained by the addition of herbivorous crabs.

60 This study indicates that herbivorous crocodyliforms were more common than previou

61 The shift to a more herbivorous diet at warmer temperatures is in agreement

62 A shift to a more herbivorous diet occurred in several anthropoid lineages

63 s allows us to investigate adaptations to an herbivorous diet, as well as to the especially challengi

64 s carp's adaptation from a carnivorous to an herbivorous diet.

65 a beak in coelurosaurians correlates with an herbivorous diet.

66 s Mammalia with carnivorous, omnivorous, and herbivorous dietary specializations, focusing on Felidae

67 ch carnivore/omnivore diets to nitrogen-poor herbivorous diets was made possible through symbiosis wi

68 plexity than caused by mineral abrasive-free herbivorous diets.

69 al changes [11-13] are observed between some herbivorous dinosaur clades, biomechanical studies resol

70 evidence challenges conventional notions of herbivorous dinosaur diets and reveals a degree of dieta

71 Gansu Province, China has the largest known herbivorous dinosaur teeth.

72 Dentitions of the sympatric herbivorous dinosaurs Hungarosaurus (Ankylosauria, Nodos

73 Ornithopods were key herbivorous dinosaurs in Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems

74 saurs and the first documented occurrence in herbivorous dinosaurs.

75 r the functional link between communities of herbivorous, eastern African megafauna and their environ

76 xtrinsically founded proxies for identifying herbivorous ecomorphology in fossils and are robust desp

77 nistic interactions between plants and their herbivorous enemies.

78 and bacteria in the soil or associated with herbivorous eukaryotes.

79 Predacious and herbivorous feeding interactions are better predicted th

80 vorous plankton will shift from predatory to herbivorous feeding with climate warming, as consumers r

81 s on molariform crowns adapted to omnivorous/herbivorous feeding.

82 gher disease risk; 2) shallow reefs with low herbivorous fish abundance, limited water motion, and lo

83 In the Caribbean, over-fishing of large herbivorous fish and disease among the long-spined urchi

84 accumulation of slow-growing, large-bodied, herbivorous fish at high biomass.

85 We find numerous "bright spots," where herbivorous fish biomass, density of large fishes, fishe

86 ttern is explained by trophic replacement of herbivorous fish by sea urchins at low biomass and the a

87 We surveyed roving herbivorous fish communities and quantified their capaci

88 cal studies demonstrate functionally-diverse herbivorous fish communities support coral reef resilien

89 The largest herbivorous fish in the Atlantic, Scarus guacamaia, has

90 between the density and foraging behavior of herbivorous fish leads to alternative stable ecosystem s

91 Herbivorous fish movements were largely confined to the

92 Reefs with increased herbivorous fish populations and reduced land-based impa

93 Macroalgal, zoanthid, and herbivorous fish populations are generally predicted to

94 stead, seabird nutrients indirectly enhanced herbivorous fish productivity and biomass via effects on

95 aging behaviour and herbivory rates of large herbivorous fishes (e.g. parrotfishes and surgeonfishes)

96 We show that with increasing risk, herbivorous fishes consumed dramatically less food (ca.

97 Complementary feeding by herbivorous fishes drove the herbivore richness effects,

98 Concurrently, herbivorous fishes have been severely overfished in many

99 with increases in the relative diversity of herbivorous fishes in tropical parts of the ocean.

100 linary approach to test if higher biomass of herbivorous fishes inside a no-take marine reserve makes

101 tance from the predator decoy to examine how herbivorous fishes reconcile the conflicting demands of

102 acoustic telemetry to determine fidelity of herbivorous fishes to the unfished reef, and (3) used me

103 The diversity and abundance of herbivorous fishes was extremely low, with eight species

104 r water, when density of juvenile corals and herbivorous fishes was relatively high and when nutrient

105 ve quantified rapid removal of macroalgae by herbivorous fishes, yet how these findings relate to deg

106 hly sensitive to a change in the stress upon herbivorous fishes.

107 riation in grazing and browsing functions of herbivorous fishes.

108 through their positive influence on CCA and herbivorous fishes.

109 sequencing to determine diet composition of herbivorous fishes.

110 Herbivorous flies in the genus Scaptomyza (Drosophilidae

111 s a remarkable evolutionary convergence with herbivorous gliders in Theria.

112 th a decline in the health status of largely herbivorous green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the 2 year

113 iraptorosaurians are an unusual and probably herbivorous group of theropod dinosaurs that evolved pne

114 Earlier studies conducted on herbivorous guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) have been used

115 anaerobic gut fungal (AGF) component of the herbivorous gut microbiome remains poorly characterized.

116 rations, resembling the wavy enamel found in herbivorous hadrosaurid dinosaurs.

117 Green turtles are endangered marine herbivorous hindgut fermenters that contribute to a vari

118 physiology and ecological opportunity of its herbivorous host.

119 re known to perform a number of services for herbivorous hosts such as fibre fermentation and the deg

120 ples collected from phylogenetically diverse herbivorous hosts.

121 investigated trophic interactions between an herbivorous insect (Sitobion calvulum, Aphididae), a woo

122 gmentation sometimes results in outbreaks of herbivorous insect and causes an enormous loss of primar

123 Plants frequently respond to herbivorous insect attack by synthesizing defense protei

124 nt responses to sex pheromones emitted by an herbivorous insect can boost plant defensive responses t

125 tween plants and insect eggs and ask how the herbivorous insect copes with egg-induced plant defenses

126 And classic hypotheses of herbivorous insect diversification predict that diet spe

127 We suggest that neotropical herbivorous insect diversity is not simply a function of

128 We give evidence that an herbivorous insect employs effectors that interact with

129 anding the relationship between variation in herbivorous insect gene expression and the evolution of

130 tion by HGT-derived enzymes is widespread in herbivorous insect lineages.

131 athogenic fungi (R-AEF) indirectly influence herbivorous insect performance.

132 Predicting the regulation of herbivorous insect pests by arthropod predators and para

133 Cotton plants attacked by herbivorous insect pests emit relatively large amounts o

134 s in delaying the evolution of resistance by herbivorous insect pests to transgenic host plants conta

135 isolation and morphological variation among herbivorous insect populations-a prerequisite for ecolog

136 by relieving protein limitation, increasing herbivorous insect populations.

137 rbivory by 4.2% overall, and the response of herbivorous insect richness and herbivory to water avail

138 Herbivorous insect species are constantly challenged wit

139 order Coleoptera and a similar proportion of herbivorous insect species.

140 ots of living plants comprise one-quarter of herbivorous insect species.

141 is (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the generalist herbivorous insect Spodoptera littoralis, little is know

142 enetic architecture of feeding behavior in a herbivorous insect that has become a model for the study

143 Herbivorous insects also influence carbon and nutrient d

144 Herbivorous insects alter biogeochemical cycling within

145 ights the selective advantage PGs provide to herbivorous insects and demonstrate the impact of HGT on

146 ucial roles in regulating plant responses to herbivorous insects and microbial pathogens and is an im

147 cted strategies to defend themselves against herbivorous insects and microbial pathogens.

148 e may shift interactions of invasive plants, herbivorous insects and native plants, potentially affec

149 monate perception and plant defenses against herbivorous insects and necrotrophic fungi.

150 olution and the evolution of diet breadth in herbivorous insects and other host-specific parasites.

151 I use herbivorous insects and their host plants as a model, bu

152 Here we show that herbivorous insects and their predators evolved converge

153 The diversity of modern herbivorous insects and their pressure on plant hosts ge

154 can be significant sources of mortality for herbivorous insects and therefore important agents of na

155 to defend against necrotrophic pathogens and herbivorous insects apparently without influencing plant

156 crypt volatile plant signals is essential if herbivorous insects are to optimize their choice of host

157 host plant quality affects the fecundity of herbivorous insects at both the individual and the popul

158 Plants can defend themselves from herbivorous insects by emitting volatile chemical signal

159 ce mechanisms employed by plants to fend off herbivorous insects can increase Darwinian fitness.

160 Adoption of novel host plants by herbivorous insects can require new adaptations and may

161 Emergence of polyphagous herbivorous insects entails significant adaptation to re

162 Recent studies demonstrated that herbivorous insects express their own PG multi-gene fami

163 stimuli from border plants ('pull') to repel herbivorous insects from a main crop and attract the her

164 ect egg deposition and thus resist attack by herbivorous insects from the beginning of the attack, eg

165 The diversity of tropical herbivorous insects has been explained as a direct funct

166 s pattern has generally been supported, some herbivorous insects have shown preference and higher per

167 stem to shape soil microbiomes that suppress herbivorous insects in above-ground tissues.

168 microbe effector paradigm can be extended to herbivorous insects in that effector-target interactions

169 The low diversity of both plants and herbivorous insects in this Paleocene Neotropical rainfo

170 predicted, we find that competition between herbivorous insects increases with population density as

171 When herbivorous insects interact, they can increase or decre

172 in more modest host shifts or expansions in herbivorous insects is less clear.

173 Host plant shifts of herbivorous insects may be a first step toward sympatric

174 We conclude that herbivorous insects may limit the capacity of forests to

175 Intraclutch cannibalism in herbivorous insects might be a ubiquitous strategy, aime

176 The herbivorous insects of tropical forests constitute some

177 model, we show that the negative impacts of herbivorous insects on net primary production more than

178 Herbivorous insects possess highly developed olfactory s

179 Invasive ants and herbivorous insects provide some of the most dramatic ex

180 nd promote disease, the host cell targets of herbivorous insects remain elusive.

181 their impact on evolutionary transitions in herbivorous insects remained poorly understood.

182 Crop damage by herbivorous insects remains a significant contributor to

183 Much of the diversity of herbivorous insects stems from the adaptive divergence o

184 e organic compounds in response to damage by herbivorous insects that may serve as cues to locate tho

185 The adaptation of herbivorous insects to their host plants is hypothesized

186 aints on the repeated evolution of unrelated herbivorous insects to toxic cardiac glycosides, which p

187 opt ecological theory underlying foraging in herbivorous insects to vector mosquito host seeking and

188 Among herbivorous insects with a complete metamorphosis the la

189 ey factor in the population dynamics of many herbivorous insects, although its impact on host populat

190 the most diverse group of primary consumers, herbivorous insects, and found that in general top-down

191 n plant responses to microbial pathogens and herbivorous insects, and in the interaction of plants wi

192 ngth of forces exerted by natural enemies on herbivorous insects, and thus the necessity of using a t

193 For herbivorous insects, host plants may be filtered out of

194 ntly has reduced chemical resistance against herbivorous insects, improving herbivore and natural ene

195 h and physiology, which can, in turn, impact herbivorous insects, including by altering pollen or pla

196 In contrast to herbivorous insects, most crustaceans have very broad di

197 For herbivorous insects, one such mechanism leading to an in

198 of inducing resistance above ground against herbivorous insects.

199 e suitability of their host plant to attract herbivorous insects.

200 Among those are attacks from herbivorous insects.

201 or the frequent divergence and speciation of herbivorous insects.

202 one, that protect the plants against various herbivorous insects.

203 leaves, and evidence for a high diversity of herbivorous insects.

204 ism for resistance to necrotrophic fungi and herbivorous insects.

205 lso required for successful defenses against herbivorous insects.

206 proteins and exhibit increased resistance to herbivorous insects.

207 t mediates defenses of tomato plants against herbivorous insects.

208 o witnessed the rise of angiosperms and most herbivorous insects.

209 n (VSP) could play a role in defense against herbivorous insects.

210 loring the host plant selection behaviour of herbivorous insects.

211 ity is a key determinant of the fecundity of herbivorous insects.

212 e M. pudica is more vulnerable to attacks by herbivorous insects.

213 her than local defense in plants attacked by herbivorous insects.

214 niche overlap increases competition between herbivorous insects.

215 pattern-induced resistance to pathogens and herbivorous insects.

216 ion, evaluation, and utilization of hosts by herbivorous insects.

217 invertebrates with younger diet ages such as herbivorous insects.

218 nderstand the effects of changing forests on herbivorous insects.

219 rates, most studies are focused on tropical, herbivorous invertebrates.

220 Laboratory feeding experiments with two herbivorous isopod crustaceans, Porcellio scaber (woodlo

221 Its craniofacial anatomy reveals that it was herbivorous, large-eyed and agile, with well-developed h

222 rial phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae, and herbivorous larvae of the moth Trichoplusia ni (cabbage

223 to variation in gut bacterial communities in herbivorous larvae.

224 of larval host use (i.e., parasitoid use of herbivorous Lepidoptera vs. pollinating Diptera) and fun

225 ntial source of evolutionary innovations for herbivorous lineages.

226 ivorous lizards and to existing theory, most herbivorous liolaemids are small bodied and live in cool

227 e skull of Uromastyx hardwickii, an akinetic herbivorous lizard.

228 eeth that surpass the complexities of living herbivorous lizards and rival those of omnivorous and he

229 Furthermore, in contrast to other herbivorous lizards and to existing theory, most herbivo

230 plants exhibited reduced resistance against herbivorous M. sexta larvae and the necrotrophic fungal

231 osure pathways for humans, fishes, and small herbivorous mammals at the hypothetical site.

232 If the food intake of the largest herbivorous mammals defines the maximal rate at which pl

233 of high-crowned cheek teeth (hypsodonty) in herbivorous mammals during the late Cenozoic is classica

234 that regional aridification and expansion of herbivorous mammals may have driven the diversification

235 Furthermore, endemic herbivorous mammals show accelerated tooth crown height

236 We posit that tapirs, large herbivorous mammals showing variable sagittal crest deve

237 sy habitats and the evolution of long-legged herbivorous mammals with high-crowned cheek teeth have b

238 gut microbes have facilitated the success of herbivorous mammals, which are generally grouped into fo

239 otope analysis, cenograms, and hypsodonty of herbivorous mammals.

240 us lizards and rival those of omnivorous and herbivorous mammals.

241 mably as predation or thermal refuge, by the herbivorous mangrove tree crab Aratus pisonii.

242 are long-lived, highly migratory, primarily herbivorous mega-consumers that may migrate over hundred

243 quent rapid extinctions of these terrestrial herbivorous megafauna are likely to have led to signific

244 across six continents to determine how wild herbivorous megafauna influence ecosystem structure, eco

245 etation cover and soil quality, and diets of herbivorous megafaunal mammals, many of which became ext

246 Many herbivorous migrants 'surf' such resource waves, timing

247 rtificial culture medium was tested with two herbivorous mite species: the wheat curl mite (Aceria to

248 systems of bean plants (Phaseolus lunatus), herbivorous mites (Tetranychus urticae) and predatory mi

249 ubsequently hijacked by a third partner, the herbivorous mollusk Elysia rufescens, and employed simil

250 Furthermore, two Se-resistant herbivorous moths were discovered on A. bisulcatus, one

251 %) affected root lifespan more strongly than herbivorous nematodes (8%).

252 alization should minimize niche overlap, yet herbivorous neotropical flies (Blepharoneura) and their

253 n extensively sampled molecular phylogeny of herbivorous Neotropical leaf beetles in the genus Cephal

254 Lepidoptera is the most herbivorous of all the insect orders, with predatory cat

255 gent gene losses associated with an obligate herbivorous or carnivorous diet in 31 placental mammals.

256 , lived in nonagricultural habitats and were herbivorous or predatory.

257 Herbivorous pacu spectra were more like one another than

258 the detoxification of plant defenses in the herbivorous pest diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella)

259 Plants are attacked by diverse herbivorous pests with different host specializations.

260 ergent craniodental characteristics in three herbivorous, phylogenetically disparate dinosaur clades

261 omnivorous species and one-third or more of herbivorous, piscivorous, and scavenger species are exti

262 y providing forage resources that congregate herbivorous prey in predictable places and times.

263 Our study shows that herbivorous prey that act as ecosystem engineers can dir

264 redators and the rates at which they consume herbivorous prey.

265 nutrients in soil, leaves, marine algae, and herbivorous reef fish, reef fish growth was similar arou

266 ical constraints that explain the paucity of herbivorous reptile species.

267 Here, using herbivorous rodents in the genus Neotoma, we quantify ho

268 Fads2 activities of herbivorous S. salpa are consistent with those reported

269 Sauropodomorpha were herbivorous saurischian dinosaurs that incorporate Sauro

270 epizootic that reduced the abundance of the herbivorous sea urchin, Diadema antillarum.

271 These seedlings were preferred by herbivorous sea urchins in feeding trials, which could p

272 uzzled by the diverse population dynamics of herbivorous small mammals that range from high-amplitude

273 tlantic coast of North America, the dominant herbivorous snail Littorina littorea structures rocky in

274 univorous species having short ceca, whereas herbivorous species have long ceca.

275 On the other hand, outbreaks of herbivorous species often are triggered by abundant or s

276 mean cecal length is significantly longer in herbivorous species than in carnivorous ones (p = 0.008)

277 everal other Arctic and northern terrestrial herbivorous species through indirect bottom-up effects o

278 These Jurassic fossils represent volant, herbivorous stem mammaliaforms associated with pre-angio

279 Herbivorous surgeonfishes are an ecologically successful

280 tioning driver in the nutritional ecology of herbivorous surgeonfishes.

281 crocodyliforms lived alongside omnivorous or herbivorous synapsids, illustrating an ecological partit

282 ing, consistent with increasing abundance of herbivorous target species in underwater surveys, partic

283 ivorous theropods, being more similar to the herbivorous therizinosaurian theropod Erlikosaurus and m

284 re capable of much stronger bite forces than herbivorous theropods among Ornithomimosauria and Theriz

285 bits differed between oviraptorids and other herbivorous theropods.

286 dings illustrate that their diets range from herbivorous to predaceous, with "herbivores" feeding pri

287 evolution of metabolic interactions between herbivorous tortoise beetles and their obligate bacteria

288 Isolates from herbivorous tortoises contain higher numbers of plant ca

289 Notably, three strains from herbivorous tortoises, phylogenetically distant from hum

290 for repetitive patterns in the appearance of herbivorous traits within sublineages using rank concord

291 Notable among the surveyed hosts were herbivorous "turtle ants" from the related genera Cephal

292 ienced mass disease-induced mortality of the herbivorous urchin Diadema antillarum in 1983 and two fr

293 cannot be considered a ubiquitous driver of herbivorous waterfowl spring migration, as it explains o

294 disturbance likely constrain the capacity of herbivorous waterfowl to track the green wave in some re

295 Additionally, pikas are herbivorous, with some populations exhibiting remarkable

296 Herbivorous zooplankton contaminant concentrations were

297 resembled those of baleen whales feeding on herbivorous zooplankton in the Arctic.

298 real and subarctic lakes showed that diet of herbivorous zooplankton is mainly based on high-quality

299 show non-sigmoid nature of response for most herbivorous zooplankton species.

300 the flux of particulate carbon available to herbivorous zooplankton, this food source accounted for