ライフサイエンスコーパス: herd

1 ortem confirmed) in at least one animal in a herd.

2 than once and from multiple cows within the herd.

3 es with one or more all-male units to form a herd.

4 fluctuations in abundance around K for each herd.

5 the animals spread among 40% of the examined herds.

6 d clinical detection and removal of infected herds.

7 samples were collected from cows on 15 dairy herds.

8 al mastitis cases and occurred in 63% of the herds.

9 but higher temporal variation in beta within herds.

10 uberis clinical mastitis cases in 33% of the herds.

11 he most important route of infection in many herds.

12 PTEs were identified in 63% of the herds.

13 artery pressure >50 mm Hg in two independent herds.

14 urden of infection within Officially TB Free herds.

15 ocks, fish shoals, insect swarms, and mammal herds.

16 cases and 559 age-matched controls from case herds.

17 and that r and beta varied temporally within herds.

18 or high farrowing performance in commercial herds.

19 d can cause "abortion storms" in susceptible herds.

20 ome was detected in 21 (2.3%) samples from 9 herds (2%), while virus was successfully isolated from 3

21 Surveillance of swine herds across Europe between 2009 and 2013 revealed that

22 diagnostic investigation conducted in swine herds affected by vesicular disease and increased neonat

23 group size, leading to high probabilities of herding among large groups confronted with uncertainty.

24 xvirus was detected in cows in the patients' herd and in captured rodents and shrews.

25 t occurred in different cows within the same herd and were attributed to a common ST were classified

26 xamine the genetic impacts of the spreads of herding and farming.

27 ad and greater mobility required for caprine herding and other resource acquisition activities over t

28 financial markets, phenomena like imitation, herding and positive feedbacks characterize the emergenc

29 preexisting immunity against IDVs in cattle herds and cocirculation of a diverse viral genetic pool

30 test, which is used to determine if animals, herds and countries are officially bTB-free.

31 setse fly constrained production of domestic herds and resulted in subsistence diversification.

32 tential to allow earlier culling of infected herds and thereby reduce transmission and aid the contro

33 chyspira species originating from U.S. swine herds and to investigate their associations with the bac

34 2 viruses that are circulating in U.S. swine herds and warrant future surveillance.

35 were collected from affected and unaffected herds and were screened for the presence of SVA by real-

36 used to estimate abundance of other social, herding, and grouping species.

37 esults indicate that K and beta varied among herds, and that r and beta varied temporally within herd

38 xperimental approach, farmers shifted cattle herds away from the CHs during the calving season.

39 V) antibody responses in cattle, classifying herds based on longitudinal changes in the results of BV

40 It explores approaches of classifying herds based on trend, magnitude and shape of their antib

41 teppe bison, based on their analogous female herd-based structure.

42 n bears (Ursus arctos), which are not female herd-based, and found that ~75% of both groups were male

43 dynamics, however, often leads to a harmful herding behavior accompanied by strong fluctuations in w

44 been put into studying contagion effects and herding behaviour in financial markets.

45 allocation dynamics can lead to undesirable herding behaviours in which a small group of reputable w

46 rst large-scale risk factor analyses for new herd breakdowns to combine data on both species.

47 cheetahs because cheetahs did not follow the herds but instead preyed on naturally occurring local wi

48 trol should be implemented beyond individual herds but, in the interim, herd management may be used t

49 P provides a systematic approach to mitigate herding by helping workers make joint decisions on task

50 early evidence for an economy based on goat herding, ca. 10,000 BP.

51 likelihood of collective intelligence versus herding can be predicted, resolving a long-standing puzz

52 ttle, such a vaccination, can be targeted at herds carrying strains of high zoonotic potential.

53 llosis in individuals with lower age and who herded cattle, sheep or goats in the previous 12 months.

54 Existing herding control mechanisms designed for typical crowdsou

55 simulates how centuries of seasonal nomadic herding could shape discrete routes of connectivity acro

56 with only intensive strategies such as whole-herd culling or additional national testing proving high

57 not successfully domesticated by humans, and herded, domestic horse (E. f. caballus) living in adjace

58 order to bridge this gap, we investigate the herding dynamics in HCNs and propose a Lyapunov optimiza

59 is supports models for widespread changes in herding ecology linked to the innovation of horseback ri

60 However, the herd effect (HE) depends both on the HPV type and the va

61 A modest herd effect was also observed, with a 37% reduction in t

62 ss of individual participation, suggesting a herd effect.

63 4 years, thereby demonstrating a significant herd effect.

64 assess the population-level consequences and herd effects after female HPV vaccination programmes, to

65 generally concordant and suggest that strong herd effects are expected from vaccinating girls only, e

66 al modelling predicts substantial beneficial herd effects for the entire population as a result of re

67 ns after age 26 years and about the level of herd effects from the current HPV vaccination program.

68 Herd effects might render a year-round infant vaccinatio

69 ine-serotype colonization is responsible for herd effects of vaccination, dose-specific PCV effective

70 in transmission and the indirect benefits ('herd effects') of interventions.

71 iple cohorts produced markedly faster direct/herd effects, and it added benefits that last for 20-70

72 men, to examine the variability in predicted herd effects, incremental benefit of vaccinating boys, a

73 nclear whether such a programme would induce herd effects.

74 ctions of population-level effectiveness and herd effects.

75 ge (0.68 [95% CI 0.51-0.89]), which suggests herd effects.

76 e, with no indication of cross-protection or herd effects.

77 ion coverage had a greater direct impact and herd effects.

78 that market-based incentive systems produce herding effects, reduce information available to the gro

79 g successful with non-lethal options such as herding, fencing, and stalling at night but more details

80 sites with the geography of these optimized herding flows, and find a significant correspondence in

81 gical survey for U.S. Midwest domestic swine herds from 2010 to 2012.

82 Animals belonging to 27 herds from 7 governorates were tested by the Single Intr

83 stribution (IFD) and Geometry of the Selfish Herd (GSH) to address an apparent conflict in their pred

84 ic dogs for different tasks such as hunting, herding, guarding, or companionship.

85 andemic H1N1 virus [A(H1N1)pdm09] into swine herds has resulted in novel reassortant influenza viruse

86 The strategy was to herd horses into a pool containing electric eels, provok

87 ued that it would not be possible to sustain herds if so many pocket Bibles were produced from fetal

88 relationship durations), and an age-specific herd immunity (ASHI) effect that protects uninfected ado

89 Transmission has the benefit of increasing herd immunity above that achieved by direct vaccination

90 d decline with time since its origin, as the herd immunity adapts to it.

91 l-distancing interventions in the absence of herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

92 d in the wider population, presumably due to herd immunity against their seasonal H1 antigen.

93 Here, we explain the basic concepts of herd immunity and discuss its implications in the contex

94 both allowing escape from antibody-mediated herd immunity and maintenance of cellular ligand binding

95 discuss its implications for the dynamics of herd immunity and on projections of the global impact of

96 ine-induced or naturally acquired protective herd immunity arises.

97 ably, our modeling did not support achieving herd immunity as a practical objective, requiring an unl

98 In time, we predict that herd immunity benefits will diffuse from the larger whit

99 ries: 1) "mitigation," which aims to achieve herd immunity by allowing the severe acute respiratory s

100 ch the overall attack rates and the level of herd immunity cannot be accurately estimated.

101 etween the direct effects of vaccination and herd immunity could lead to unintuitive consequences for

102 V-related cancer by ethnicity, partly due to herd immunity disproportionately benefiting subgroups wi

103 unt for all vaccine type-related cancers and herd immunity effects from vaccinating girls and boys.

104 er studies will be needed to assess possible herd immunity effects with meningococcal serogroup B vac

105 Herd immunity for unvaccinated children may occur in sch

106 are also the first data to suggest potential herd immunity from female-only vaccination against oroph

107 bstantially reduce the residual burden until herd immunity from pediatric PCV13 is fully established.

108 Both PPV23 and herd immunity from pediatric PCV7 were associated with r

109 among other possible factors, GII.4-specific herd immunity had little role in the emergence of the ne

110 ts consistently point to profound direct and herd immunity impacts of the rotavirus vaccine program i

111 asymptomatic infection contributes little to herd immunity in Ebola, and even if infectious, would ac

112 2 IAVs, suggesting that there may be minimal herd immunity in humans.

113 The current level of herd immunity in livestock may be insufficient to preven

114 Although preexisting herd immunity in regions of past outbreaks may dampen th

115 preventing oral HPV infection and potential herd immunity in unvaccinated males has resulted in cons

116 e the observed epidemic cycles suggests that herd immunity is driving the epidemic dynamics caused by

117 with a mature PCV programme and established herd immunity is likely to maintain population control o

118 her infection numbers grow explosively until herd immunity is reached or the epidemic is completely s

119 to social activity, then the disease-induced herd immunity level can be ~43%, which is substantially

120 ich is substantially less than the classical herd immunity level of 60% obtained through homogeneous

121 While low herd immunity levels to any one of the four antigenic ty

122 recently in 2010-2011; however, the level of herd immunity of ruminant livestock, a key determinant o

123 variants changes with time due to changes in herd immunity or genomic context, and novel amino acid v

124 tion of how population heterogeneity affects herd immunity rather than as an exact value or even a be

125 f infections to others, often referred to as herd immunity This research examines how prosocial conce

126 ffs depend nonlinearly on whether or not the herd immunity threshold is reached.

127 In this paper, taking into consideration the herd immunity threshold, we present an evolutionary N-pe

128 on, which decreases local immunity below the herd immunity threshold.

129 virus infections, and suggest that achieving herd immunity through natural infection may be difficult

130 transplant recipients can no longer rely on herd immunity to protect them from vaccine-preventable i

131 s depletes the phage population and provides herd immunity to uninfected bacteria.

132 ay suggest that a sufficiently high level of herd immunity was reached during the first wave.

133 infants also benefited from household-level herd immunity when antenatal vaccination for every pregn

134 Population-scale immunity is often termed 'herd immunity'.

135 result of decreased secondary transmission (herd immunity) combined with waning vaccine-induced immu

136 avior-adjusted overall, total, and indirect (herd immunity) vaccine effectiveness (VE) was computed a

137 body levels above the presumed threshold for herd immunity).

138 juvenile fish through recruitment may reduce herd immunity, allow VHSV to persist, and drive superann

139 smission, antidisease vaccines may undermine herd immunity, select for increased virulence, or promot

140 However, part of the effect was caused by herd immunity, since vaccinated infants were more likely

141 V) prevalence attributable to vaccination vs herd immunity, this national survey study uses National

142 take into account the protective effects of herd immunity, we developed a new approach that combines

143 ooster responses, which are thought to drive herd immunity, were similar in the two schedules.

144 d human group I coronavirus cross protective herd immunity.

145 mission into a human population with limited herd immunity.

146 can hardly be achieved due to the effects of herd immunity.

147 mulation to keep pace with viral escape from herd immunity.

148 previous virus exposure, and monitoring sow herd immunity.

149 ecause of the decreasing marginal returns of herd immunity.

150 ly mechanisms contributing to the evasion of herd immunity.

151 associated disease, and provided evidence of herd immunity.

152 ory loss, vaccination protects polymicrobial herd immunity.

153 ularly with regard to their implications for herd immunity.

154 e setting of measles outbreaks and decreased herd immunity.

155 sk for infection in addition to compromising herd immunity.

156 sing across the country leading to decreased herd immunity.

157 ent distancing and hasten the acquisition of herd immunity.

158 eliminates it from carriage and IPD through herd immunity.

159 cinees and indirect protection of others via herd immunity.

160 miology or with immature programmes and poor herd immunity.

161 to result in a population level signature of herd immunity; we detail this and also discuss other pop

162 The balance between the loss of herd-immunity and viral re-importation will dictate futu

163 All models were parameterised to have a herd-immunity immunization threshold of around 90% cover

164 decline in 2016 and fade-out in 2017 due to herd-immunity.

165 evalence in males to assess whether or not a herd impact of female vaccination could be observed.

166 The long-term success of cattle herding in Africa has been sustained by dynamic food sys

167 H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza viruses in U.S. swine herds in 2014.

168 (beta) within and among elk (Cervus elaphus) herds in a small part of the geographic range of the spe

169 of 1384 caribou (Rangifer tarandus) from 10 herds in Newfoundland, spanning more than 30 years durin

170 accommodate variation both within and among herds in population growth parameters are necessary, eve

171 st-partum climatic influences on survival on herds in population increase and decline phases.

172 Outbreaks of bloody diarrhea in swine herds in the late 2000s signaled the reemergence of an e

173 tive agent of bovine tuberculosis, in cattle herds in the United Kingdom is increasing, resulting in

174 ris potentially occurring in the majority of herds in the United Kingdom, and may be the most importa

175 bovine tuberculosis (TB) incidents in cattle herds in three areas of England between 2013-2017 (Glouc

176 first recorded occurrence of that ST in that herd (index case) and all persistent infections with tha

177 e reviewed systematically the literature on "herd"/indirect protection from vaccinating children aged

178 Furthermore, swine herds infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory

179 eated introduction of virus from outside the herd is required for long-term viral persistence, irresp

180 ve control methods to suppress and eliminate herding is an important but open problem.

181 l Diarrhoea (BVD) infection status of cattle herds is a challenge for control and eradication schemes

182 ective 'wisdom' and other times maladaptive 'herding' is an enduring conundrum.

183 Results were compared with modern bison herd isotopic values from Theodore Roosevelt National Pa

184 ent disease transmission into commercial pig herds, it is therefore vital to have knowledge about the

185 inely measured or selected for in commercial herds, it would be beneficial to be able to use genomic

186 ivity, that is the greatest barrier to see a herd level benefit of vaccination.

187 haracteristics necessary to see a protective herd level benefit of vaccination.

188 lgorithms were able to replicate the complex herd level diagnoses made by specialist veterinary clini

189 ialist veterinary clinicians to make a rapid herd level diagnosis and promptly implement appropriate

190 and mechanisms underlying persistence at the herd-level and beyond remain poorly understood.

191 of FMDV are responsible for observed yearly herd-level outbreaks.

192 estimate the diagnostic parameters and true herd-level prevalence from surveillance data.

193 The herd-level prevalence of coagulase-positive S. agnetis r

194 ang samples, and saliva and nasal swabs, and herd-level samples, such as air samples, were taken dail

195 etween 2007 and 2010 from thirty nine cattle herds located in Scotland and Northern England.

196 at reach puberty earlier tend to stay in the herd longer and be more productive.

197 beyond individual herds but, in the interim, herd management may be used to reduced FMD impact to liv

198 of the PTEs attributed to S. uberis in dairy herds may be caused by the nine most prevalent strains.

199 ring the production cycle or following whole-herd medication.

200 The base dairy herd model included the daily life events of a dairy cow

201 simulations demonstrate that RTS-P mitigates herding more effectively than state-of-the-art approache

202 evalent in lowland cattle, in which 41% of a herd of 32 are carriers, but the variant may only have a

203 This study utilizes an Angus herd of more than 2000 head of cattle to identify these

204 Brazilian livestock with a herd of more than 215 million animals is distributed ove

205 pe, the Americas, and Australia, while large herds of gregarious species were found to be the likely

206 the S. suis species in asymptomatic carrier herds of little practical value in predicting the likeli

207 n, which would be an advantage for migrating herds of ungulates.

208 to work together to corral and contain small herds of virtual sheep.

209 e early detection and culling of an infected herd on the infectious output.

210 ntinued through millennia, altering tropical herding on each continent.

211 ay be evidence of a transient age-segregated herd or 'flock', but the behaviour responsible for this

212 g such range contractions include schooling, herding, or flocking behaviors-which, ironically, can be

213 ) revealed that baboons are at risk of being herded out of urban spaces that contain high-energy anth

214 itis cases in a study of 52 commercial dairy herds over a 12-month period.

215 different nature and scale -including sheep herds, pedestrian crowds, assemblies of grains, and coll

216 small, defined population (~1.5% of the U.S. herd), presenting a realistic opportunity to mitigate a

217 ent among domestic pigs, especially in swine herds previously infected with PRRSV, an immunosuppressi

218 rce landscape shaped herbivore distribution, herding propensity and the incidence of 'relaxed' behavi

219 viduals, with the potential to contribute to herd protection against a subset of strains.

220 There is also evidence of herd protection against the vaccine-specific and cross-p

221 den of IPD in children but also in adults by herd protection although the increase of serotype 8 in a

222 idual high-risk HPV types strongly influence herd protection and determine the level of coverage and

223 onstrating the vaccine's ability to generate herd protection and prevent group A epidemics.

224 valent vaccine (PCV7), but its potential for herd protection and serotype replacement is uncertain.

225 pillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness and herd protection are not well established in community se

226 hat unvaccinated men may have benefited from herd protection as much as women from a female-only HPV

227 Herd protection by meningococcal vaccines is conferred b

228 Both direct vaccine efficacy and indirect herd protection contribute to vaccination effectiveness.

229 s changes in HPV prevalence and characterize herd protection in a community.

230 aged 1-4 and 5-14 years, suggesting possible herd protection in older age groups.

231 ococcal carriage and are unlikely to provide herd protection in the context of an outbreak response.

232 direct protection in vaccinated persons and herd protection in unvaccinated persons is uncertain.

233 The herd protection induced by PCV7 is continuing, and simil

234 Evidence of herd protection is critical for guiding PCV policy decis

235 vs 4.0) and hence vaccine effectiveness and herd protection stronger for HPV45 than for HPV16.

236 They also benefit less from herd protection than heterosexual males in settings with

237 d by vaccine serotypes in children providing herd protection to the elderly group.

238 Herd protection was responsible for >36% of MCC vaccine

239 hospital burden (directly and indirectly by herd protection) and also showed a reversal of the PCV7

240 by disrupting nasopharyngeal carriage (e.g., herd protection).

241 the largest difference was at 40% coverage (herd protection, 54% vs 28% for HPV16 and HPV45, respect

242 PV16, respectively, mainly owing to stronger herd protection, ie, 37% vs 16%).

243 se, interrupting transmission, and achieving herd protection.

244 ically necessary, and is expected to provide herd protection.

245 ding GUM clinics will partially benefit from herd protection.

246 evalence among unvaccinated females suggests herd protection.

247 n and untreated adults, suggesting a form of herd protection.

248 bp and MenB-4C on meningococcal carriage and herd protection.

249 in unvaccinated women, providing evidence of herd protection.

250 as paid to geographic contiguity to maximize herd protection.

251 ndar time, probably reflecting the impact of herd protection.

252 eningitis belt countries to ensure long-term herd protection.

253 on for adolescents and, over time, indirect (herd) protection across the population.

254 mission and, therefore, inducing population (herd) protection is uncertain.

255 o help communities and policy makers improve herd quality and health, expand biodiversity payment sch

256 The latter was expressed as the between-herd reproduction ratio, Rh , where an effective surveil

257 berculosis, has been increasing in UK cattle herds resulting in substantial economic losses.

258 with bTB) were more strongly associated with herd risk than area-level measures of badger social grou

259 ikely than the present system to result in a herd's status changing from year to year, as it is more

260 Herds seasonally aggregate and exchange members, thus fa

261 ing multiple samples per group provides high herd sensitivity.

262 ii," have reoccurred in North American swine herds since the late 2000s.

263 ey availability (prey abundance, dispersion, herd size and body size) affect within-pride social stru

264 btained also showed that the distribution of herd size within the backyard and small-scale sectors in

265 n of approach, distance, habitat, herd type, herd size, other species, target species, time, VTOL typ

266 ly tied to the regional emergence of mounted herding societies during the late second millennium BC.

267 milk, meat, and plant processing by ancient herding societies in eastern Africa.

268 , this repeat testing gives Fast24-qPCR high herd specificity, while testing multiple samples per gro

269 This phenomenon, known as herding, subjects the scientific community to an inheren

270 esults provide evidence for livestock-based, herding subsistence in Mongolia during the late 3rd and

271 urrently occupied by large or dense Rangifer herds such as the Nenets-occupied regions in Russia (27%

272 ost effective at making decisions crucial to herd survival, and old post-reproductive female resident

273 election of arid-adapted zebu bulls enhanced herd survival.

274 dy kinematics in the context of complex prey-herding techniques.

275 longitudinal field study in a swine breeding herd that presented with an outbreak of vesicular diseas

276 ovel, complementary approach to categorising herds that is less likely than the present system to res

277 n turn may lead to selection for beef cattle herds that may have lower incidence rate of BRDC after v

278 tages of low cost and quick establishment of herds, therefore complementing the Tc cattle platform in

279 to a mathematical model for FMD, in a cattle herd, to evaluate the impact of the early detection and

280 We use within-herd transmission models estimated from historical data

281 enable better opportunities to reduce within herd transmission that may be otherwise missed by tradit

282 e, direction of approach, distance, habitat, herd type, herd size, other species, target species, tim

283 rthern Ireland (>10,000 km(2); 29,513 cattle herds), we investigated interactions between host popula

284 walking on a train or an animal running in a herd, we recognize the individual's movement as nested w

285 subgroups of preferred associates) when prey herds were abundant, dispersed or small bodied.

286 en prey herds were large and lower when prey herds were dispersed or are large bodied.

287 duals within subgroups was greater when prey herds were large and lower when prey herds were disperse

288 rs throughout the world when large migratory herds were more common features of the landscape.

289 ly across all members of the pride when prey herds were scarce, aggregated or large bodied, and assoc

290 surveillance studies of private or protected herds, where depopulation is contraindicated.

291 or prevalence studies of large or protected herds, where depopulation may be contraindicated.

292 outbreaks occur in backyard and small-scale herds, where poor farmers often attempt to limit the dis

293 to West and not Central Africa and from >=17 herds with distinct haplotypes.

294 are primarily managed in small and isolated herds with little known about their ancestral ecology.

295 We also found that herds with smaller K had less stochastic fluctuation in

296 identified for brucellosis included age and herding, with a greater probability of brucellosis in in

297 mics and disease burden in individual cattle herds within an endemic setting.

298 te was lambda = 1.11 (95% CI = 1.02-1.21) in herds without brucellosis and lambda = 1.00 (95% CI = 0.

299 erent levels of impulsivity: Border Collies (herding work) and Labrador Retrievers (gun work).

300 leading cause of lameness in dairy and beef herds worldwide.