ライフサイエンスコーパス: herd immunity

1 Population-scale immunity is often termed 'herd immunity'.

2 body levels above the presumed threshold for herd immunity).

3 s of vaccination coverage required to attain herd immunity.

4 epitopes, and likely evolves in response to herd immunity.

5 ation levels that are sufficient to maintain herd immunity.

6 lution of insecticide resistance and loss of herd immunity.

7 ulation immunity (90%-92%) needed to achieve herd immunity.

8 ion and for the protection of others through herd immunity.

9 g antigenic variation, likely in response to herd immunity.

10 persistence in the face of human population herd immunity.

11 of group C meningococci was consistent with herd immunity.

12 t-term vaccine effectiveness and substantial herd immunity.

13 actors such as socio-economic conditions and herd immunity.

14 achieve the high seroprevalence required for herd immunity.

15 ability of vaccination campaigns to generate herd immunity.

16 ctions in the population, thereby generating herd immunity.

17 nd the proportion infected required to reach herd immunity.

18 ularly with regard to their implications for herd immunity.

19 ines are surging in the setting of decreased herd immunity.

20 ereby increasing booster shots and promoting herd immunity.

21 ccinated, quickly bringing each to effective herd immunity.

22 containment measures even in the absence of herd immunity.

23 earning and socialization, and contribute to herd immunity.

24 and turnover of new variants that can escape herd immunity.

25 ent distancing and hasten the acquisition of herd immunity.

26 e setting of measles outbreaks and decreased herd immunity.

27 accination with suitable vaccines to achieve herd immunity.

28 against severe disease and preferably drive herd immunity.

29 er than the vaccination coverage, suggesting herd immunity.

30 ree decades, jeopardizing the maintenance of herd immunity.

31 he vaccination threshold required to achieve herd immunity.

32 sk for infection in addition to compromising herd immunity.

33 dividuals, thus shortening the time to reach herd immunity.

34 ural protein (VP1), facilitating escape from herd immunity.

35 on and is large enough to threaten achieving herd immunity.

36 rrier to reaching coverage levels needed for herd immunity.

37 tinued infection rates and the attainment of herd immunity.

38 lications of our results for progress toward herd immunity.

39 early due to collective protection, known as herd immunity.

40 d uptake of vaccines is necessary to achieve herd immunity.

41 sing across the country leading to decreased herd immunity.

42 d human group I coronavirus cross protective herd immunity.

43 eliminates it from carriage and IPD through herd immunity.

44 cinees and indirect protection of others via herd immunity.

45 miology or with immature programmes and poor herd immunity.

46 mission into a human population with limited herd immunity.

47 can hardly be achieved due to the effects of herd immunity.

48 previous virus exposure, and monitoring sow herd immunity.

49 mulation to keep pace with viral escape from herd immunity.

50 ecause of the decreasing marginal returns of herd immunity.

51 ly mechanisms contributing to the evasion of herd immunity.

52 associated disease, and provided evidence of herd immunity.

53 ory loss, vaccination protects polymicrobial herd immunity.

54 of cost-effectiveness, both with and without herd immunity.

55 llow escape from antibody neutralization and herd immunity.

56 be rescued by management approaches based on herd immunity.

57 ly limited in their ability to raise lasting herd immunity.

58 eral population because of high coverage and herd immunity.

59 decline in 2016 and fade-out in 2017 due to herd-immunity.

60 predominantly White communities and reaching herd immunity 45 days later on average.

61 Transmission has the benefit of increasing herd immunity above that achieved by direct vaccination

62 Herd immunity achieved through mass vaccination is an ef

63 without any interventions; at the same time, herd immunity acquisition will begin from the epicentre.

64 d decline with time since its origin, as the herd immunity adapts to it.

65 Heterotypic genotypes did not contribute to herd immunity against GII.4 NoVs based on their inabilit

66 hildren were vaccinated, it is possible that herd immunity against influenza was achieved in Japan.

67 l-distancing interventions in the absence of herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

68 Therefore, to induce herd immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae it will b

69 d in the wider population, presumably due to herd immunity against their seasonal H1 antigen.

70 juvenile fish through recruitment may reduce herd immunity, allow VHSV to persist, and drive superann

71 omen vaccinated with 4vHPV suggests a strong herd immunity among young adults in Quebec.

72 ts highlight the role of networks in shaping herd immunity and call for a careful examination of mode

73 contributions of asymptomatic infections to herd immunity and community transmission are key to the

74 Here, we explain the basic concepts of herd immunity and discuss its implications in the contex

75 kely allowed GII.4-2012 to escape from human herd immunity and emerge as the new predominant strain.

76 chieve levels of coverage adequate to confer herd immunity and interrupt the diphtheria epidemic.

77 both allowing escape from antibody-mediated herd immunity and maintenance of cellular ligand binding

78 discuss its implications for the dynamics of herd immunity and on projections of the global impact of

79 for at least partial escape from protective herd immunity and provide epidemiological support for th

80 pattern emerges from the combined effect of herd immunity and seasonal transmission, and is strongly

81 luded in the conjugate vaccine may be due to herd immunity and serotype replacement effects in the ge

82 hanging pneumococcal population dynamics via herd immunity and serotype replacement.

83 yngeal carriage of H. influenzae and provide herd immunity and suggest that this effect is mediated t

84 vaccination campaigns to maintain long-term herd immunity and, hence, indirect protection of the unv

85 The balance between the loss of herd-immunity and viral re-importation will dictate futu

86 cination or infection]; or no information on herd immunity) and to one of two groups regarding GP rec

87 s of vaccine characteristics, information on herd immunity, and general practitioner (GP) recommendat

88 ' take a vaccine than is likely required for herd immunity, and that, relative to factual information

89 matic infections contribute substantially to herd immunity, and to community transmission together wi

90 ine-induced or naturally acquired protective herd immunity arises.

91 ably, our modeling did not support achieving herd immunity as a practical objective, requiring an unl

92 n maintains GII.4 persistence in the face of herd immunity, as the emergence of new pandemic strains

93 relationship durations), and an age-specific herd immunity (ASHI) effect that protects uninfected ado

94 New research has examined the effect of 'herd immunity' associated with immunizing all school-age

95 19, whereas vaccine hesitancy was lower when herd immunity benefits were communicated and in working

96 In time, we predict that herd immunity benefits will diffuse from the larger whit

97 ass vaccination centres and communication of herd immunity benefits, our model predicted outright vac

98 ct transition to reopening may lead to rapid herd immunity but necessitate preparedness for potential

99 ries: 1) "mitigation," which aims to achieve herd immunity by allowing the severe acute respiratory s

100 esident in the respiratory tract can provide herd immunity by reducing both the susceptibility of acq

101 ch the overall attack rates and the level of herd immunity cannot be accurately estimated.

102 result of decreased secondary transmission (herd immunity) combined with waning vaccine-induced immu

103 Herd immunity could be achieved earlier with a faster va

104 etween the direct effects of vaccination and herd immunity could lead to unintuitive consequences for

105 nt has substantially postponed the predicted herd immunity date, through a combination of reduced vac

106 g children; and because of the potential for herd immunity decreasing morbidity and mortality among a

107 highly immune individuals can contribute to herd immunity, delaying their susceptibility to transmis

108 e new host population that wreak havoc until herd immunity develops.

109 V-related cancer by ethnicity, partly due to herd immunity disproportionately benefiting subgroups wi

110 s, which we suggest resulted from changes in herd immunity due to an increase in vaccination coverage

111 poultry populations where there was elevated herd immunity due to maternal and active immunity.

112 lations is consistent with a vaccine-induced herd immunity effect.

113 unt for all vaccine type-related cancers and herd immunity effects from vaccinating girls and boys.

114 er studies will be needed to assess possible herd immunity effects with meningococcal serogroup B vac

115 MD controls may be important where there are herd immunity effects.

116 ing that the decline was likely secondary to herd-immunity effects.

117 eveloped by a Delphi expert panel; indirect (herd immunity) effects resulting from childhood PCV13 va

118 roportion of the population becomes immune, "herd immunity" emerges.

119 ains to be seen.IMPORTANCEEstablishing human herd immunity ends pandemics.

120 ealth interventions, because little residual herd immunity exists now that vaccination has ceased.

121 ered (SIR) model with vaccination to predict herd immunity, following the trends from the early-stage

122 -2 variants threatens our ability to achieve herd immunity for COVID-19.

123 Herd immunity for preventable childhood infectious disea

124 ation, and further, may rely more heavily on herd immunity for protection from COVID-19, since the ef

125 Herd immunity for unvaccinated children may occur in sch

126 heterogeneity in the susceptibles decreases herd immunity for ~37.36% of the population and prolongs

127 isolates that are potentially able to escape herd immunity from earlier isolates.

128 are also the first data to suggest potential herd immunity from female-only vaccination against oroph

129 In this primer, we discuss the concept of herd immunity from first principles, clarify common misc

130 easonal influenza, compromise the buildup of herd immunity from natural infection or deployment of cu

131 bstantially reduce the residual burden until herd immunity from pediatric PCV13 is fully established.

132 Both PPV23 and herd immunity from pediatric PCV7 were associated with r

133 emphatic in support of measurable impact of herd immunity given the uncertainty associated with pert

134 e groups to receive differing information on herd immunity (>50% of adults aged 18-64 years must be i

135 among other possible factors, GII.4-specific herd immunity had little role in the emergence of the ne

136 ally make the threshold necessary to achieve herd immunity harder to reach.

137 All models were parameterised to have a herd-immunity immunization threshold of around 90% cover

138 ts consistently point to profound direct and herd immunity impacts of the rotavirus vaccine program i

139 high-activity group will result in improved herd immunity in both the high-risk group and the popula

140 cination safety further contribute to waning herd immunity in developed countries, resulting in recen

141 asymptomatic infection contributes little to herd immunity in Ebola, and even if infectious, would ac

142 nd PsaA may be useful for the elicitation of herd immunity in humans.

143 2 IAVs, suggesting that there may be minimal herd immunity in humans.

144 This study exemplifies the importance of herd immunity in influencing the dynamics and fadeout of

145 The current level of herd immunity in livestock may be insufficient to preven

146 lications, for example, for the proximity to herd immunity in Manaus in late 2020.

147 competing mechanisms driving disease-induced herd immunity in networks: the biased distribution of im

148 the antibody detected and the potential for herd immunity in Nigeria.

149 Although preexisting herd immunity in regions of past outbreaks may dampen th

150 he crucial role of monotypic and heterotypic herd immunity in shaping dengue epidemic behavior.

151 uently boosted by reexposure, so maintaining herd immunity in the face of potentially eroding individ

152 in its early stage and predicted the path to herd immunity in the U.S. By early March 2021, we estima

153 ly increase vaccination uptake, and to reach herd immunity in the vulnerable and the vaccine hesitant

154 passports could be issued while maintaining herd immunity in the workforce?

155 preventing oral HPV infection and potential herd immunity in unvaccinated males has resulted in cons

156 reported and may now approach hypothetical "herd immunity" in urban areas.

157 Although herd immunity, in which a large proportion of the popula

158 These results support the hypothesis that herd immunity is a driving force for GII.4 evolution in

159 cur during vaccine rollout before sufficient herd immunity is achieved.

160 Herd immunity is an important yet often misunderstood co

161 e the observed epidemic cycles suggests that herd immunity is driving the epidemic dynamics caused by

162 Antibody-mediated herd immunity is far from being reached in most settings

163 with a mature PCV programme and established herd immunity is likely to maintain population control o

164 her infection numbers grow explosively until herd immunity is reached or the epidemic is completely s

165 n has given way to a new one where achieving herd immunity is the primary concern.

166 Maintaining herd immunity is therefore critical to long-term disease

167 ct the trajectory of the global pandemic and herd immunity is unknown.

168 rsists in the population and defies existing herd immunity is unknown.

169 to social activity, then the disease-induced herd immunity level can be ~43%, which is substantially

170 ich is substantially less than the classical herd immunity level of 60% obtained through homogeneous

171 While low herd immunity levels to any one of the four antigenic ty

172 Human herd immunity limits viral spread but also drives the em

173 We postulate a herd-immunity model of C difficile diarrhoea, and examin

174 ion in a heterogeneous population may induce herd immunity more efficiently than homogeneous immuniza

175 ether serogroup replacement or protection by herd immunity occurred.

176 recently in 2010-2011; however, the level of herd immunity of ruminant livestock, a key determinant o

177 mity of the response is a pathway to achieve herd immunity or an avenue for antigenic variants to rap

178 variants changes with time due to changes in herd immunity or genomic context, and novel amino acid v

179 ssusception and do not account for potential herd immunity or non-fatal outcomes.

180 l examined pointing to a substantial rise in herd immunity over the past 30 y.

181 ndings by documenting signatures of changing herd immunity over the study period.

182 needed, our results suggest that increasing herd immunity, perhaps with a combination of preemptive

183 tion of how population heterogeneity affects herd immunity rather than as an exact value or even a be

184 t allows the virus to escape from protective herd immunity, resulting in new epidemic strains.

185 odel suggested that indirect protection, or "herd immunity," resulting from vaccination of school-age

186 smission, antidisease vaccines may undermine herd immunity, select for increased virulence, or promot

187 ly lowering transmission rates and improving herd immunity--significantly moderate both influenza pan

188 However, part of the effect was caused by herd immunity, since vaccinated infants were more likely

189 nce of widespread vaccination able to induce herd immunity, strategies to coexist with the virus whil

190 on peak is not an indication of long-lasting herd immunity: Subsequent waves may emerge due to behavi

191 e vaccinated unwillingly in order to reach a herd-immunity target.

192 conjugate vaccine (PCV13) demonstrated less herd immunity than in the United States, likely due to h

193 mple by broadening the effective duration of herd immunity that can be achieved with currently used i

194 d containing epidemics if there was no prior herd immunity (that is, no prior immunologic protection

195 wentieth century populations with negligible herd immunity, the numbers of cases initially rose expon

196 he US has reached the threshold for domestic herd immunity, the US may find it optimal to donate dose

197 f infections to others, often referred to as herd immunity This research examines how prosocial conce

198 V) prevalence attributable to vaccination vs herd immunity, this national survey study uses National

199 reduction in both the infection peak and the herd immunity threshold (HIT).

200 mpox epidemics can hit the infection-derived herd immunity threshold and begin to decline, with <1% o

201 However, the herd immunity threshold and vaccination coverage require

202 mated the basic reproduction number (R0) and herd immunity threshold for PWID in each state.

203 ffs depend nonlinearly on whether or not the herd immunity threshold is reached.

204 on the meta-analysis, we estimated a pooled herd immunity threshold of 64% (95% CI, 61%-68%; 90% pre

205 ndividuals who recover rises gradually after herd immunity threshold points and turning points.

206 ion of the population is immune - above the 'herd immunity threshold' - then transmission generally c

207 In this paper, taking into consideration the herd immunity threshold, we present an evolutionary N-pe

208 of MMR coverage remained well below the 93% herd immunity threshold.

209 on, which decreases local immunity below the herd immunity threshold.

210 nce data from New York State and analyze how herd immunity thresholds (HITs), final sizes, and epidem

211 llance data and dynamic modeling to estimate herd immunity thresholds among PWID in 16 US states.

212 Corresponding herd immunity thresholds ranged from 55% (95% CI, 47%-61

213 We performed a meta-analysis of herd immunity thresholds to determine the critical vacci

214 Deliberately seeking such herd immunity through infection during a potentially let

215 virus infections, and suggest that achieving herd immunity through natural infection may be difficult

216 We propose that herd immunity to dengue acts at the household level and

217 For example, herd immunity to multiple pathogens has been observed at

218 transplant recipients can no longer rely on herd immunity to protect them from vaccine-preventable i

219 need for community-based efforts to increase herd immunity to protect this population.

220 of antigenically distinct variants, has made herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 unachievable thus far.

221 f a new primary strain every 2 to 4 years as herd immunity to the previously circulating strain is ov

222 no longer a deadly pandemic thanks to global herd immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 viruses.

223 s depletes the phage population and provides herd immunity to uninfected bacteria.

224 weekend have failed to achieve the required 'herd immunity' to halt canine rabies transmission.

225 We report approaches to assess dairy cattle herd immunity using store-bought milk samples.

226 avior-adjusted overall, total, and indirect (herd immunity) vaccine effectiveness (VE) was computed a

227 ntibodies is urgently needed to better track herd immunity, vaccine efficacy and vaccination rates.

228 ay suggest that a sufficiently high level of herd immunity was reached during the first wave.

229 take into account the protective effects of herd immunity, we developed a new approach that combines

230 ct benefit through community protection, or "herd immunity," we argue that planning and implementatio

231 to result in a population level signature of herd immunity; we detail this and also discuss other pop

232 ooster responses, which are thought to drive herd immunity, were similar in the two schedules.

233 infants also benefited from household-level herd immunity when antenatal vaccination for every pregn

234 Herd immunity, where a pathogen can no longer efficientl

235 oth direct protection to those immunized and herd immunity, which is indirect protection of those who

236 toward socially active individuals enhances herd immunity, while the topological localization of imm

237 ecticide resistance, which, with the loss of herd immunity, will increase the magnitude of future den

238 fluenza B virus are the result of changes in herd immunity, with reassortment continuously generating

239 2 December 2020, England was still far from herd immunity, with regional cumulative infection incide