ライフサイエンスコーパス: heterocycle

1 ve materials (i.e., aspartic acid and purine heterocycles).

2 f selectivity depending on the nature of the heterocycle.

3 r and distribution of heteroatoms within the heterocycle.

4 ometries, and the triazole product is a flat heterocycle.

5 by reversing the amide bond and changing the heterocycle.

6 ented herein contains a chiral center at the heterocycle.

7 allenes, 10, which features a strained PC(2) heterocycle.

8 ta)-C(beta) stretching mode of the thiophene heterocycle.

9 5))(4)] to give the respective five-membered heterocycle.

10 converted to amines, acids, amides, or other heterocycles.

11 afforded a series of five-membered N(2)P(2)C heterocycles.

12 y for greener access to a variety of diverse heterocycles.

13 pling of 2-bromothiophenes and other related heterocycles.

14 te stage in the construction of polyarylated heterocycles.

15 bond formation to construct functionalized N-heterocycles.

16 converting small, strained rings to larger N-heterocycles.

17 bis-triazolo-pyrazines, a new class of fused heterocycles.

18 metal-free and produces multifunctionalized heterocycles.

19 el symmetric double-bond bridged captodative heterocycles.

20 on-rich and electron-poor phenols as well as heterocycles.

21 synthesis of structurally diverse, bioactive heterocycles.

22 are highly strained and inherently unstable heterocycles.

23 sites, including basic nitrogen and numerous heterocycles.

24 including application to the synthesis of P-heterocycles.

25 nsformations to afford a variety of valuable heterocycles.

26 d scalable synthesis of structurally diverse heterocycles.

27 cile and are effective means of halogenating heterocycles.

28 e interested in the reaction chemistry of BN heterocycles.

29 lines and medium-ring dibenzo-fused nitrogen heterocycles.

30 oupling of sulfonyl azides and electron-rich heterocycles.

31 es as well as the self-association of the PN-heterocycles.

32 xtended by conjugation with carefully chosen heterocycles.

33 bond activation to generate eight-membered N-heterocycles.

34 lic 1-benzo-dihydrophosphetes (2) with PC(3) heterocycles.

35 2 H-indazoles, a valuable class of nitrogen heterocycles.

36 s are utilized in the formation of complex N-heterocycles.

37 cally enriched 2-substituted saturated amine heterocycles.

38 tion) has been extended to oxygen and sulfur heterocycles.

39 nd their application for the construction of heterocycles.

40 is to deliver enantioenriched sulfur-bearing heterocycles.

41 ma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives, and heterocycles.

42 ient construction of various carbocycles and heterocycles.

43 including aryls, vinyls, heteroaromatics and heterocycles.

44 egorized by the number of built-in carbo- or heterocycles.

45 monounsaturated six-membered carbocycles and heterocycles.

46 nding and aromaticity are common features of heterocycles.

47 ldehydes, ketones, esters, free phenols, and heterocycles.

48 ge of valuable saturated nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles.

49 thin the oligonucleotide backbone, sugar and heterocycles.

50 ns has been developed to afford six-membered heterocycles.

51 ration of free boronic acids and hemiboronic heterocycles.

52 imide-functionalized triazole and isoxazole heterocycles.

53 ylated secondary and tertiary anilines and N-heterocycles.

54 from 15 to 85% for a variety of substituted heterocycles.

55 ctam formation across a range of substituted heterocycles.

56 hosphirane P-C bonds to yield PC(4) or PC(5) heterocycles.

57 t of the para-pyridinium moiety with several heterocycles.

58 for the synthesis of novel boron-containing heterocycles.

59 eveloped for the fabrication of two putative heterocycles.

60 uilding block for the synthesis of borylated heterocycles.

61 - and nitrogen-containing phosphaquinolinone heterocycles.

62 he sustainable synthesis of these ubiquitous heterocycles.

63 odeprotection of benzenesulfonyl-protected N-heterocycles.

64 alization reactions of carbazole and azepine heterocycles (15 examples, up to 83% yield).

65 erization leading to polysubstituted pyrrole heterocycles 2 in excellent yields and the E configurati

66 d 2 to the rare 5/6/6/7/5- and 5/6/5/8-fused heterocycles 5 and 7, respectively.

67 furnish a series of unprecedented main group heterocycles 5-10 with the C=P unsaturated bonds remaini

68 Heterocycles, a class of molecules that includes oxazole

69 d BODIPY core, which is the first example of heterocycle[ a]-fused BODIPYs.

70 These types of N-heterocycle adducts are subunits of the proposed RNA pre

71 put mass spectrometry was used to identify N-heterocycle adducts.

72 ermolecular transfer of carbenes to olefins, heterocycles, aldehydes, and amines.

73 Sequential arylations of heterocycles allow for the formation of multiaryl deriva

74 , arylalkynes, and electron-rich alkynylated heterocycles amenable to trans-hydrometalation which are

75 ido derivatives or it can be trapped in an N-heterocycle amine.

76 e-transcriptase inhibitors and 37 nucleoside/heterocycle analogs were evaluated to identify ENT inter

77 The nature of both a heterocycle and a nucleophilic group affects the possibi

78 own to be compatible with substrates bearing heterocycle and halide substituents.

79 iched gamma-lactones, but also various other heterocycles and acyclic compounds through ring-opening

80 in good yields to various polyfunctionalized heterocycles and acyclic molecular scaffolds.

81 zation because of the prevalence of nitrogen heterocycles and amines in pharmaceuticals and natural p

82 t of spirocyclic cyclohexanes with diverse O-heterocycles and amino moieties (general structure III)

83 he ubiquity of stacking interactions between heterocycles and aromatic amino acids in biological syst

84 tional flexibility as compared to the parent heterocycles and confirmed their potential utility as bu

85 A variety of heterocycles and functional groups, including for exampl

86 as a starting material for the synthesis of heterocycles and have several other applications.

87 functionalize assembled boron-nitrogen (BN) heterocycles and highlights their distinct reactivity an

88 tion products and higher concentrations of N-heterocycles and phenols.

89 he transformation of a variety of N-sulfonyl heterocycles and phenyl benzenesulfonates to the corresp

90 d provides versatile access to challenging N-heterocycles and represents the broadest scope enantiose

91 e catalyzed by AOXs are the hydroxylation of heterocycles and the oxidation of aldehydes to their cor

92 moiety with C7 quaternary center; c) the "N-heterocycles" and d) the "THP" moiety with C20 quaternar

93 , the kind and substitution pattern of the O-heterocycle, and the substituents at the exocyclic amino

94 of nucleophiles including olefins, alkynes, heterocycles, and epoxides are competent traps in the br

95 lysis, as building blocks for polyfunctional heterocycles, and in photoluminescent materials.

96 arbon chain, five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocycles, and natural product diversification.

97 lkyl and aryl amines to various N-containing heterocycles, and the overall transformation is applicab

98 s structurally complex, natural-product-like heterocycles; and the synthesis of polyhydroxy alkaloids

99 cond HAT to form the unprotected saturated N-heterocycle appears to be operative.

100 ctive cross-coupling of this polyhalogenated heterocycle are described.

101 4 and C5 ring positions of the 1,2-azaborine heterocycle are developed.

102 Five-membered aromatic heterocycles are a ubiquitous skeleton of pi-conjugated

103 The resulting heterocycles are blue fluorescent in both the solid stat

104 These stereochemically defined heterocycles are important high-affinity P2 ligands for

105 or neutral atmosphere, to investigate how N-heterocycles are modified under plausible prebiotic cond

106 The resulting heterocycles are novel prototypical structures for the d

107 oups such as esters, nitriles, alcohols, and heterocycles are tolerated under the mild conditions.

108 Indoles and related heterocycles are widely-present in natural products, bio

109 Nitrogen heterocycles (N-heterocycles) are plausible components of such polymers

110 In addition, the use of a novel heterocycle as a cysteine reactive warhead is employed t

111 ive-membered nitrogen- and sulfur-containing heterocycles as amine bioisosteres were synthesized and

112 alogens, and nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocycles, as well as aromatic-containing pharmaceuti

113 e benzyl O-protective groups from oxyarene N-heterocycles at positions capable for 2-/4-O-pyridine-2-

114 edictions of the stacking ability of a given heterocycle based on readily computed heterocycle descri

115 bination of vacant, energetically accessible heterocycle-based acceptor orbitals and occupied molecul

116 is one of the most important simple nitrogen heterocycles, being widespread in nature and present in

117 epare pai-extended seven-membered phosphorus heterocycles, both symmetric and asymmetric, is reported

118 to all three topological types of bicyclic N-heterocycles: bridged, spiro-, and fused rings.

119 thout ring opening of the strained saturated heterocycle by conducting the reactions with an azetidin

120 philic and conformationally rigid amines and heterocycles by decarboxylation of adamantane-oxazolidin

121 to examine the halogenation of deprotonated heterocycles by perfluoroaryl and perfluoroalkyl halides

122 novel strategy to access RCF(2)Br-containing heterocycles by regio- and enantioselective bromocycliza

123 a Cpara-metalated form prior to reaction at heterocycle C4.

124 Both the heterocycles can be easily assembled via double dehydrog

125 The seven-membered phosphorus heterocycles can be electrochemically reduced and oxidiz

126 Select fluorinated heterocycles can be functionalized using this method.

127 The N-heterocycle carbene (NHC)-catalyzed dual Stetter cascade

128 r parallel evolution toward more challenging heterocycle carbene functionalizations, including C(2)/

129 tant cores that include electron-rich aryls, heterocycles, carbonyls and amines.

130 rging metal-free doped carbon and aromatic N-heterocycle catalysts for electrochemical reduction of C

131 n tolerates a range of functional groups and heterocycles commonly found in bioactive molecules.

132 he strength of stacking interactions between heterocycles commonly found in biologically active molec

133 sed on a study examining how the presence of heterocycles commonly used in drug development affects t

134 easy assembly of functionalized saturated N-heterocycles, comprised of six-and seven-membered rings

135 des to challenging but biologically relevant heterocycle-containing nitroalkenes.

136 ing (1) unhindered, (2) five-membered-ring N-heterocycle-containing, and (3) alpha-tertiary primary a

137 esence of a substituted, nitrogen-containing heterocycle core.

138 ster (Bcat) compounds derived from different heterocycle cores showed a strong dependence on the hete

139 e unification of an isoxazoline and peroxide heterocycles could be a potential direction to initiate

140 given heterocycle based on readily computed heterocycle descriptors, eliminating the need for quantu

141 We also introduced less lipophilic head heterocycles devoid of covalent binding (CVB) liability.

142 bled by weakly coordinating, monodentate aza-heterocycle directing groups that are useful building bl

143 A set of compounds bearing different heterocycles (e.g., morpholine, tetrahydroisoquinoline,

144 Notably, this protocol is compatible with heterocycles embedded in both alcohol substrates and ary

145 In this review, we focus on boron-containing heterocycles enabling the activation of sigma- and pai-b

146 ted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, a family of aza-heterocycles endowed with numerous biological properties

147 yields-even on multigram scales-of nitrogen heterocycles featuring a chiral quaternary center.

148 formed through silyl radical addition to the heterocycle followed by subsequent beta-hydrogen scissio

149 Triazoles are privileged heterocycles for a variety of applications.

150 The ease with which these carbonylated heterocycles form under both reducing and neutral atmosp

151 ified Knoevenagel-Stobbe reaction as the key heterocycle forming steps.

152 antioenriched piperidines, the most common N-heterocycle found in FDA approved pharmaceuticals.

153 Pyrazoles are an important class of heterocycles found in a wide range of bioactive compound

154 Indoles are privileged heterocycles found in many biologically active pharmaceu

155 tioselective synthesis of substituted oxygen heterocycles from lactol acetates and enolsilanes has be

156 ional transition metal catalysts by enabling heterocycle functionalizations with high chemo-, regio-,

157 ads to two different products; a tricyclic N-heterocycle-fused beta-lactone and a bicyclic enamine de

158 The heterocycle-fused lactones are obtained in moderate to g

159 astereo- and enantioselective synthesis of N-heterocycle-fused-beta-lactones from N-linked ketoacids

160 alized benzofuran containing fused and spiro-heterocycles has been accomplished by the modified Hause

161 One-pot synthesis of oxygen-containing heterocycles has been achieved through alkylation/acylat

162 ch toward highly functionalized indolizinone heterocycles has been developed from reactions of pyridi

163 The ubiquitous use of pi-rich five-membered heterocycles has driven the development of new methods f

164 he past decade, many compounds bearing these heterocycles have been studied for their promising antib

165 rts directed at assembling novel aromatic BN heterocycles have resulted in the discovery of new prope

166 native coupling (CDC) of benzylamines with N-heterocycles having sp(2) or sp(3) carbon resulted in th

167 g two emergent properties of the guanine (G) heterocycle in DNA, namely, oxidation sensitivity and a

168 group allowed the synthesis of this complex heterocycle in only six steps from commodity chemicals.

169 o a diverse collection of nine-membered ring heterocycles in a one-pot cascade and with complete dias

170 structurally complex, biologically relevant heterocycles in a one-pot operation.

171 century by chemists seeking to functionalize heterocycles in a rapid and direct manner, avoiding the

172 d the synthesis of these extremely promising heterocycles in amounts of more than 10 g per run withou

173 uding steric hindrance and directionality of heterocycles in determining charge transport in these mo

174 The importance of N-heterocycles in drugs has stimulated diverse methods for

175 5 -, 6 -, and 7 -membered saturated nitrogen heterocycles in excellent yields.

176 zoxazines and related biologically important heterocycles in high yields under mild conditions.

177 n dioxane at 100 degrees C and affords fused heterocycles in high yields up to 99%.

178 Here, we report the reactivity of numerous N-heterocycles in highly complex mixtures, which were gene

179 Indoles are essential heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, and therefore, nove

180 ded access to bicyclic beta-lactone-fused, N-heterocycles in moderate to good yields (up to 80%) with

181 amines, hydrazines, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles in one step.

182 to 10 methylene groups between carbamate and heterocycle) in the carbamate residue was synthesized an

183 oach to acyclic enediyne precursors fused to heterocycles includes inter- and intramolecular buta-1,3

184 tic ester precursors and to the synthesis of heterocycles including BODIPY fluorophores and biotin.

185 various enantioenriched building blocks and heterocycles, including 1,3-aminoalcohol, 1,3-diol, oxet

186 proach has been demonstrated with a range of heterocycles, including a complex anti-leukaemia agent a

187 important cis-1,4-disubstituted six-membered heterocycles, including dihydropyran and tetrahydropyrid

188 Various chiral oxygen heterocycles, including tetrahydrofurans, tetrahydropyra

189 Remarkably, we found that the majority of N-heterocycles, including the canonical nucleobases, gain

190 mination of the reactivity patterns in these heterocycles, including the factors that drive the regio

191 yl nitriles with a number of aryl groups and heterocycles, including those containing acidic N-H and

192 ing studies supported a strong direct cation-heterocycle interaction between the Lys-155 side chain o

193 with the introduction of a 1,2-azaborine BN heterocycle into a CPP scaffold enables facile and selec

194 The introduction of azole heterocycles into a peptide backbone is the principal st

195 also demonstrate the transformation of these heterocycles into another important class of compounds,

196 H bond, isomerization is averted because the heterocycle is deprotonated in situ.

197 The piperazine heterocycle is housed within a large number of FDA-appro

198 eries of phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles is brightly fluorescent with tunable emissi

199 mains of natural products and a variety of N-heterocycles, is described.

200 -catalyzed arylation of unsaturated nitrogen heterocycles, known as the Ullmann-Goldberg coupling, is

201 ide with a variety of five- and six-membered heterocycles led to the identification of 6-(1-ethyl-3-(

202 trosobenzene produced highly enantioenriched heterocycle-linked trialkylamine.

203 ed of a dipeptide scaffold appended to vinyl heterocycles meant to provide replacements for the irrev

204 Nitrogen heterocycles (N-heterocycles) are plausible components o

205 under mild conditions to form the oxadiazine heterocycle of 1.

206 substitution pattern of the P2* isoquinoline heterocycle of 21 was essential to securing the targeted

207 l recognition sequence, while the C-terminal heterocycle of the modified peptide is trapped in the ac

208 dified by introduction of a boron-containing heterocycle on C(14) of the polycyclic core are describe

209 zoles and benzpyrazoles by the addition of N-heterocycles onto functionalized terminal and internal a

210 The strained phosphorus-oxygen heterocycles open to the corresponding heterodiene struc

211 h stereoselective construction of bicyclic N-heterocycles, opens the door for future synthetic applic

212 rates are scarce; the few enzymes capable of heterocycle or cyclic internal alkene functionalization

213 Transfers of carbene moieties to heterocycles or cyclic alkenes to obtain C(sp(2))-H alky

214 ransition metals adopt the axial position in heterocycles or synclinal geometry in acyclic systems.

215 luoromethyl, ester, amide, or ether group, a heterocycle, or an unprotected alcohol or alkyne.

216 e terminal phenyl group with less lipophilic heterocycles, or (iii) generating extended biaryl side c

217 rearrangement to naphthalenes, benzannulated heterocycles, or related products with bicyclic unit.

218 g benzannulated phenanthridine and quinoline heterocycles paired with amido donors.

219 ers of specific polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (PANHs) were diagnostic for coal tar-derive

220 The resulting heterocycles participate in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-cou

221 ion that t-butoxide-induced halogenations of heterocycles proceed via a radical mechanism.

222 nt substituents, giving good yields of the N-heterocycle products with broad functional group toleran

223 Our studies support an unexpected heterocycle-promoted pathway for this net 1,5-Cu-migrati

224 lobenzodiazepines with a C8-linked aliphatic heterocycle provide a new class of broad-spectrum antiba

225 A wide variety of substituted heterocycles (pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, purine, az

226 Current literature approaches toward this heterocycle remain unsuitable for the practical synthesi

227 talated by two 7-methyl-1,7-phenanthrolinium heterocycles, resulting in chelating pyridylidene remote

228 w entry into chiral pyridine frameworks in a heterocycle-rich molecular environment.

229 multicomponent peptide stapling approach and heterocycle ring-forming macrocyclizations are included,

230 rins to porphyrinoids containing nonpyrrolic heterocycles (so-called pyrrole-modified porphyrins, PMP

231 Chiral memory at the silicon atom in these heterocycle-stabilized silyl cations was also establishe

232 ycle cores showed a strong dependence on the heterocycle structure.

233 Heterocycle substitutions at C24 were well-tolerated and

234 Benzoannulated nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as indolines, tetrahydroquinolines, an

235 nickel-catalyzed synthesis of two important heterocycles such as quinoline and quinoxaline.

236 d five- and six-membered nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles such as thieno[3,2-b]pyrroles, thieno[3,2-b

237 vides access to a wide range of oxygen-based heterocycles, such as 2,3-disubstituted benzo[b]furans,

238 ating reactions from pre-existing sugars and heterocycles suggests that a wide variety of noncanonica

239 s and their reactions, metathesis processes, heterocycles syntheses, S(E)Ar reactions, metalation-rin

240 in addition to its utility as a precursor to heterocycle synthesis, carboxy-MIDA-boronate is an excel

241 direct manner, avoiding the need for de novo heterocycle synthesis.

242 ting ground for novel approaches in nitrogen heterocycle synthesis.

243 recent applications in chemical biology and heterocycle synthesis.

244 specifically binds the target and contains a heterocycle that recruits and activates a ribonuclease t

245 extending to previously unexplored azaindole heterocycles that collectively afford fused cyclobutane

246 dation catalysis: (1) The reaction tolerates heterocycles that commonly poison Pd catalysts.

247 aryl diazoacetates in the presence of some N-heterocycles that enables mild, metal-free N-H functiona

248 idines are four-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles that hold great promise in current medicina

249 On the one hand, it protonates the N-heterocycles that reduces their reduction potentials not

250 thesis of PMPs containing up to six-membered heterocycles; the syntheses of larger rings failed.

251 functional groups including terminal alkyne, heterocycle through click reaction, and others.

252 s new insights into the formation of complex heterocycles through oxime and oxime ether radical catio

253 Oxidation of the guanine (G) heterocycle to 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG) in mammalia

254 thods create macrocycles and embed condensed heterocycles to diversify outcomes and improve pharmacol

255 ole was smoothly diversified with privileged heterocycle triazole to provide 2-(1 H-triazole-1-yl)-3-

256 al how the ESAA in benzene and 6pai-electron heterocycles trigger photochemical distortions that prov

257 a broad range of these medicinally important heterocycles under mild conditions, in two steps from ch

258 nthesis of biologically interesting arylated heterocycles under mild conditions.

259 at variety of polycyclic nitrogen-containing heterocycles under mild conditions.

260 ve synthesis of highly functionalized oxygen heterocycles using allyl or benzyl alcohols as alkylatin

261 method for the halogenation of imidazo-fused heterocycles using readily available sodium salts (NaCl/

262 Tetrazole derivatives are a prime class of heterocycles, very important to medicinal chemistry and

263 tion with concomitant dearomatization of the heterocycle via an energy transfer process promoted by a

264 enzyme-catalyzed ring expansion of aromatic heterocycles via carbene transfer by any enzyme.

265 was used to generate six-membered phosphorus heterocycles via hetero Diels-Alder reactions.

266 lted in catalytic formation of substituted N-heterocycles via intramolecular C-H amination of a range

267 on and (ii) synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles via polarity reversal of the amide bond.

268 cess a broad range of ureas, carbamates, and heterocycles via ruthenium-based pincer complex catalyze

269 Direct synthesis of N-heterocycles via the acceptorless dehydrogenative coupli

270 The synthesis of this complex, nitrogen-rich heterocycle was accomplished in only six steps (longest

271 N-difluoromethylated five-membered nitrogen heterocycles was demonstrated with azide-alkyne cycloadd

272 rmation across a series of bicyclic aromatic heterocycles was explored.

273 he reactivity of underexplored oxazaborinine heterocycles, we ultimately designed a highly functional

274 ns for the synthesis of various thieno-fused heterocycles were cinnamyl bromide, 2-bromobenzyl chlori

275 , it was reported that C-H bonds in aromatic heterocycles were converted to C-Si bonds by reaction wi

276 A broad spectrum of bridged dinitrogen heterocycles were obtained in high yields and excellent

277 The photophysical properties of the prepared heterocycles were studied to demonstrate that the prepar

278 Target heterocycles were synthesized by extending our previousl

279 -Methanobenzo[ c]azepines or azetidine-fused heterocycles were synthesized in tandem reactions depend

280 romide coupling partners, including numerous heterocycles, were coupled with 1,1-disubstituted alkene

281 razin-1-yl)methanones derived from tricyclic heterocycles which were screened for effects on tumor ce

282 eful for the synthesis of saturated nitrogen heterocycles, which are important motifs in pharmaceutic

283 g four five-membered [C(2) P(3) ] phosphorus heterocycles, which can be converted to a rare oxo compl

284 s through the inclusion of a [4n] 5-membered heterocycle, whose electronic resonance promotes aromati

285 )-isoxazolyl moiety or the aromatic nitrogen heterocycle with nitrogen at alpha-position to the carbo

286 us-/nitrogen-containing (PN) phosphonamidate heterocycle with urea recognition units in an arylethyny

287 of [(11) C]carbonyl difluoride for labeling heterocycles with [(11) C]carbonyl groups in high molar

288 (PA) of a range of structurally different N-heterocycles with an exocyclic double bond (= N-heterocy

289 e demonstrate that irradiation of N-acryloyl heterocycles with blue LED light (440 nm) in the presenc

290 es undergo condensations to access borylated heterocycles with boron at positions that are difficult

291 Several cyclobutane-fused O-heterocycles with diverse substituents are synthesized f

292 rate single diastereomers of novel tricyclic heterocycles with five contiguous stereocentres.

293 lerates a broad range of functionalities and heterocycles with high enantioselectivity (up to >99:1 e

294 Polycyclic saturated heterocycles with predictable shapes and structures are

295 s a versatile scaffold to build up different heterocycles with relevance in asymmetric catalysis, agr

296 with two carbon atoms have been compared to heterocycles with two nitrogen or boron atoms, e.g., C(2

297 ps and the boron centres of the diazaborolyl heterocycles, with K...B distances of >3.1 angstrom.

298 ood to excellent yields of the aforesaid aza-heterocycles within short time spans (20-40 min).

299 dure, provides a simplified method to access heterocycles without workup and purification after each

300 xygen-based radicals, dichalcogenides, and N-heterocycles, yielding the corresponding substituted car