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1  where females are homogametic and males are heterogametic.
2 nderstanding of how flies with a typical X/Y heterogametic amphogeny (male and female offspring in si
3 ization of X-linked gene transcription among heterogametic and homogametic sexes.
4 These mechanisms include upregulation of the heterogametic chromosome as well as repression in the ho
5 g gene, the dmrt1-paralogue (dm-w) of female-heterogametic clawed frogs (Xenopus; ZW /ZZ ), is known
6 sent a chromosome-level genome assembly of a heterogametic female Atlas blue butterfly (Polyommatus a
7 rough a ZW system in which the female is the heterogametic gender.
8  contribute to the preferential sterility of heterogametic hybrid males.
9  showing that the ability to produce fertile heterogametic hybrids likely persisted for six million y
10                                        Since heterogametic hybrids often have lower fitness than homo
11 mon, Diospyros lotus, a dioecious plant with heterogametic males (XY).
12 is largely inactivated in spermatogenesis of heterogametic males, and in multiple phyla it encodes fe
13                               Basically, the heterogametic sex (XY males in XX/XY systems or ZW femal
14        Haldane's rule, which states that the heterogametic sex (XY or ZW females) fares more poorly i
15 zed by Haldane's rule, which states that the heterogametic sex (XY or ZW) suffers the most dysfunctio
16 ve ignored the sex chromosomes unique to the heterogametic sex - Y and W - that are known as sex-limi
17  compensate for poor protein function in the heterogametic sex [2, 4, 5].
18 c sex determination system with males as the heterogametic sex and markedly reduced recombination in
19 ALDANE'S rule postulates that hybrids of the heterogametic sex are more likely to be inviable or ster
20              In XX/XY and ZZ/ZW systems, the heterogametic sex became partially aneuploid after degen
21                                  A potential heterogametic sex chromosome is identified in the female
22 hibit genetic sex determination, with female heterogametic sex chromosomes (ZZ males, ZW females).
23 lts in the disparity in gene content between heterogametic sex chromosomes and creates the need for d
24                     However, in species with heterogametic sex chromsomes (e.g. XY, ZW), sex linkage
25 ropose that maintaining the viability of the heterogametic sex drove gene survival on amniote sex-spe
26 of male heterogamety, and the other changing heterogametic sex from XY to ZW, which could be partly e
27  effects of sex chromosomes described by the heterogametic sex hypothesis.
28                      Hybrid sterility in the heterogametic sex is a common feature of speciation in a
29                                 In birds the heterogametic sex is female (ZW), and the homogametic se
30 complete genome sequencing confirms that the heterogametic sex is hemizygous for most sex-linked gene
31 with Haldane's rule that postulates that the heterogametic sex is more likely to be absent, rare, or
32                      Hybrid sterility of the heterogametic sex is one of the first postzygotic reprod
33  the sexes, as compensatory mutations in the heterogametic sex lead to hyperexpression in the homogam
34  be used to reconstruct sex chromosomes in a heterogametic sex of any species.
35 's rule, loci inherited strictly through the heterogametic sex rarely introgress.
36 nces of hybrid sterility or inviability, the heterogametic sex tends to be more severely affected.
37  to selection for dosage compensation in the heterogametic sex to rebalance average expression from t
38 avours greater gene expression in males (the heterogametic sex).
39         Direct evidence that females are the heterogametic sex, as in the related species Xenopus lae
40 at hybrid breakdown is often specific to the heterogametic sex-are also discussed.
41  must often have involved the emergence of a heterogametic sex-determining locus, the basis of XY and
42  is essential for embryonic viability of the heterogametic sex.
43 f recessive traits in the homogametic versus heterogametic sex.
44 neration of the chromosome restricted to the heterogametic sex.
45 and W chromosomes, where the females are the heterogametic sex.
46 iased inheritance) and are hemizygous in the heterogametic sex.
47  in species hybrids, it is nearly always the heterogametic sex.
48 to the hemizygosity of X-linked genes in the heterogametic sex.
49  promotes paternal genome elimination in the heterogametic sex; this may incur population extinction
50 nsation patterns typically seen only in male-heterogametic species [3].
51 ce of the sex-limited chromosome in a female heterogametic species and show that sex-specific selecti
52 ween male and female Z Chromosomes in female heterogametic species, which often lack complete dosage
53 e compensation appears to be limited to male heterogametic species.
54 l a candidate master locus, governing a male-heterogametic system (XX /XY ).
55 mis aureus) is thought to be a WZ-ZZ (female heterogametic) system controlled by a major gene.
56 d individuals allowed us to characterize the heterogametic systems of five species (one XY/XX and fou
57        Mapping of these and previously known heterogametic systems onto the terrestrial isopod phylog
58                Relative to well-studied male heterogametic systems, the extent of epigenetic differen
59                                      In male heterogametic systems, the X Chromosome is epigeneticall
60 n of gene expression between sexes in female heterogametic systems.
61 , and their consequences in male- vs. female-heterogametic taxa may explain the pattern of exceptions
62 ntil recently, appeared to be rare in female-heterogametic taxa, including birds.
63                    Because avian females are heterogametic, the reverse of mammals, avian sex chromos
64 nterestingly, because butterflies are female heterogametic, this will presumably have also led to the
65                  In birds, the female sex is heterogametic, thus female gene conservation necessitate
66                          Unlike other female-heterogametic (WZ female and ZZ male) animals, moths and
67 ter size at birth is much more pronounced in heterogametic X*Y females than in homogametic XX or X*X
68  ZW locus on chromosome 5, two separate male heterogametic XY loci on chromosome 7, and two additiona
69  in insects--ranging from the classical male heterogametic XY system in Drosophila to ZW systems in L
70 ely effect fitness within the family, a male heterogametic (XY male) sex determining system evolves,
71                     Rainbow trout has a male heterogametic (XY) sex determination system controlled b
72                           Catfish has a male-heterogametic (XY) sex determination system, but genes i
73  the associated change in gene dosage in the heterogametic (XY) sex is often compensated for by regul
74 ty and inviability of species hybrids of the heterogametic (XY) sex.
75  copies of this gene indicated that the male heterogametic (XY) system of sex determination in sablef
76 atic sex system consisting of a major female heterogametic ZW locus on chromosome 5, two separate mal
77 ively effect fitness in the family, a female heterogametic (ZW female) system evolves.
78 a sex chromosome system in which females are heterogametic (ZW) and males are homogametic (ZZ)(1).