ライフサイエンスコーパス: hominid

1 acters are primitive and like those of later hominids.

2 apes as well as with African apes and later hominids.

3 nderstanding, closer to that of monkeys than hominids.

4 including our closest relatives, within the hominids.

5 omoplasy-free, to elucidate the phylogeny of hominids.

6 ormations that characterize the evolution of hominids.

7 ume, to a size comparable with that of early hominids.

8 ters are shared exclusively with all younger hominids.

9 an explanation for the handedness unique to hominids.

10 nge and/or savannah habitat in the origin of hominids.

11 zees and ancient (Neanderthal and Denisovan) hominids.

12 lved the phylogenetic history of these early hominids.

13 the anterior cingulate cortex of pongids and hominids.

14 applied to the study of sexual dimorphism in hominids.

15 rontal cortex of macaques relate to those in hominids.

16 enetic inference in many lineages, including hominids.

17 hat distinguishes modern humans from extinct hominids.

18 genetic and exhibit cospeciation patterns in hominids.

19 otypes and other key individuals with extant hominids.

20 icantly promoted diversification of MHC-A in hominids.

21 erging trajectories of the gut microbiome of hominids.

22 tcranial similarities between hylobatids and hominids.

23 activity of its cognate enhancer diverged in hominids.

24 in mammals with relatively thick enamel like hominids.

25 iotic relationships of seven species of wild hominids.

26 nduced mutagenesis patterns across different hominids.

27 ply to the evolution of division of labor in hominids.

28 Over 15% of all binding sites are unique to hominids.

29 me (hg38) and appear to be unique to archaic hominids.

30 of non-human primates (NHPs), from lemurs to hominids.

31 notypic differences between humans and other hominids.

32 ovide insights into the evolution of archaic hominids.

33 hat a low IMMR is the primitive condition in hominids.

34 tive efflorescence of later Plio-Pleistocene hominids.

35 Kenya National Museums Lukenya Hill Hominid 1 (KNM-LH 1) is a Homo sapiens partial calvaria

36 ally our most distant relatives among extant hominids [1].

37 of bipedal gait is a key adaptive feature in hominids,(1)(,)(2)(,)(3)(,)(4)(,)(5)(,)(6)(,)(7)(,)(8)(,

38 despite fixation of a key residue needed for hominid A3C activity.

39 For each of these hominid A3C enzymes, dimerization enables processivity o

40 However, other hominid A3C proteins only have an S188, suggesting they

41 C resulted in a similar dimer interface with hominid A3C, the key amino acid contacts were different.

42 cies adaptation from Old World monkey A3G to hominid A3G.

43 ations that allowed SIVrcm Vif to antagonize hominid A3G.

44 Recombination rates around hominid accelerated conserved regions (ACRs) are further

45 African apes and hominids acquired advanced orthogrady in parallel.

46 dditional loci carried a strong footprint of hominid adaptation, including elevated nucleotide substi

47 iest Hominidae and helps to define the basal hominid adaptation, thereby accentuating the derived nat

48 a five amino acid deletion that occurred in hominids after their divergence from chimpanzees.

49 Colourful and diverse players, such as early hominids, agriculturalists, conquistadors and various an

50 A molecule appears to represent mtDNA from a hominid ancestor that has been translocated to the nucle

51 Our analyses support a hominid ancestor that was distinct from all extant and f

52 Loss of Neu5Gc in hominid ancestors approximately 2 to 3 million years ago

53 efore they are extended to distant human and hominid ancestors.

54 difications among Ethiopian Plio-Pleistocene hominid and faunal remains at Asa Issie, Maka, Hadar, an

55 show that some conventions routinely used by hominid and other mammalian paleontologists are unwarran

56 lation are intrinsic to the aging process in hominids and are side effects neither of extended human

57 The last common ancestor of hominids and chimpanzees was therefore a careful climber

58 ve of both cetacean suborders in addition to hominids and elephants suggests that these particular ne

59 Hominids and extant African apes have each become highly

60 Early hominids and extant apes are remarkably divergent in man

61 also have implications for the prehistory of hominids and for the genetic origins and recent emergenc

62 es between Neanderthals and the Skhul/Qafzeh hominids and indicate that a significant shift in human

63 ounger than previous age estimates for these hominids and indicate that H. erectus may have survived

64 radial morphology differs from that of later hominids and non-knuckle-walking anthropoid primates, su

65 hing the building of cultural repertoires in hominids and other species.

66 ignificantly changed since the split between hominids and rodents.

67 of a host switch from a non-human primate to hominids and that the extant populations did not origina

68 Our primate legacy, fossil hominid, and hunting-gathering lifestyles selected for a

69 easurements of fossil postcrania from female hominids, and also compared with estimates of female bod

70 can apes, approaching the condition in later hominids, and indicating that O. tugenensis was bipedal.

71 f MEIs to date spanning chimpanzees, ancient hominids, and modern humans and reveals new aspects of M

72 rds, the evolution of speech and language in hominids, and the evolution of echolocation in bats.

73 rded as the fundamental adaptation that sets hominids apart from other primates.

74 tarrhines, that is, in Old World monkeys and hominids (apes, including humans), having become a pseud

75 3' end with the vpr gene and can antagonize hominid APOBEC3s.

76 comparative evolutionary dynamics of African hominids are central to interpreting living ape adaptati

77 The Herto hominids are morphologically and chronologically interme

78 tween Gigantopithecus and extinct and extant hominids are wide ranging but difficult to substantiate

79 a, yet retained the size and pleomorphism of hominid astroglia, and propagated Ca2+ signals 3-fold fa

80 ults of the functional analyses suggest that hominids at both sites were exploiting woody and starchy

81 ctional changes in the gut microbiome across hominids at different timescales, we perform high-resolu

82 the Upper Paleolithic and Middle Paleolithic hominids at these sites were broad-based foragers capabl

83 , South Africa, demonstrates that this early hominid ate not only fruits and leaves but also large qu

84 consensus holds that the 3-million-year-old hominid Australopithecus africanus subsisted on fruits a

85 ere, we show using fossil teeth that several hominids (Australopithecus africanus, Paranthropus robus

86 Many important hominid-bearing fossil localities in East Africa are in

87 ing of fossil bovid teeth collected from the hominid-bearing levels at these sites gave mean ages of

88 The Lower Aramis Member hominid-bearing unit, now exposed across a > 9-kilometer

89 d on the cognitive architecture of ancestral hominids because they, unlike other tool-using species,

90 e surfaces of ancient bones to infer ancient hominid behaviors such as slicing, chopping, and percuss

91 It is still debated, however, whether these hominids belong in their own species, Homo neanderthalen

92 Social settings mould vocal output in hominids besides humans.

93 ties in evolutionary genomics, insights into hominid biology, and an extensive database of variation

94 to undergo layer-specific switches in recent hominid brain evolution between layers V and III, i.e.,

95 suggesting that the tempo and mode of early hominid brain evolution may need reevaluation.

96 et still may be strong enough to account for hominid brain evolution.

97 Hominid brain size increased dramatically in the face of

98 have the same principles of organization as hominid brains, with the notable exception of sulci in t

99 appear in pluripotent stem cells from other hominids but not in more distantly related species lacki

100 region that make them unique not only among hominids but possibly among terrestrial mammals in gener

101 source of sPD-L1 and is highly conserved in hominids, but lost in mice and a few related species.

102 ertals that make them unique, not only among hominids, but possibly among all other terrestrial mamma

103 ed LCA.The pattern of body size evolution in hominids can provide insight into historical human ecolo

104 diagnostic craniodental remains, the largest hominid canine yet recovered, and the earliest Australop

105 go, the dietary capabilities of the earliest hominids changed dramatically, leaving them well suited

106 Moreover, uniquely derived hominid characters, especially those of locomotion and c

107 on, appear to have emerged shortly after the hominid/chimpanzee divergence.

108 milar to the evolutionarily related nonhuman hominids (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans

109 sent the earliest definitive evidence of the hominid clade.

110 This hominid combined arboreal palmigrade clambering and care

111 utionary history shows an overall slowing in hominids compared with primates and rodents.

112 e and intelligence, reminiscent of the early hominid condition.

113 They may also suggest that hominids consumed high-quality animal foods before the d

114 ric analysis of general shape, that the five hominid crania from Dmanisi in Georgia represent a singl

115 Here we describe fossilized hominid crania from Herto, Middle Awash, Ethiopia, that

116 oximately 2.8- to 2.6-million-year-old early hominid cranium (Stw 505) from Sterkfontein, South Afric

117 The hominid dental anatomy (occlusal enamel thickness, absol

118 the ratio of older to younger adults in four hominid dental samples from successive time periods, and

119 Dubois at Trinil in 1891, over 200 hominid dentognathic remains have been collected from th

120 Here we show that these earliest hominids derive from relatively wet and wooded environme

121 These deposits have now yielded the earliest hominids, described in an accompanying paper and dated h

122 ed trophic positions, contextualizing fossil hominid diet.

123 Here we report new Early Pliocene hominid discoveries and their palaeoenvironmental contex

124 d phylogenies require between four and seven hominid dispersal events between southern Africa, easter

125 of Meganthropus as a Pleistocene Indonesian hominid distinct from Pongo, Gigantopithecus and Homo, a

126 es-specific bacterial symbionts that predate hominid diversification, many of which have undergone ac

127 re premature to posit extensive late Miocene hominid diversity on the basis of currently available sa

128 volution of lethal intergroup violence among hominids during the 2.9-million-year Paleolithic time sp

129 e to dietary sources of ethanol increased in hominids during the early stages of our adaptation to a

130 or C4 plants is lacking prior to 7-8 Ma, and hominid ecosystems at 4.4 Ma show no isotopic evidence f

131 Dental proportions reconstruct hominid ECV (R(2) = 0.81, P < 0.001), a result that can

132 Some currently accepted estimates of early hominid endocranial capacity may be inflated, suggesting

133 Applied to ancestral hominid environments, the story fits with evolutionary t

134 and construction for hunting in the earliest hominids, especially given our observations that females

135 y diverged from modern human mtDNAs early in hominid evolution about 770,000 years before present.

136 ge (Ye) began amplifying relatively early in hominid evolution and continued propagating at a low lev

137 ides ecological insight into a key period of hominid evolution and valuable information for future st

138 ssil evidence of Late Miocene-Early Pliocene hominid evolution is rare and limited to a few sites in

139 cardiovascular disease, Lewy body dementia, hominid evolution, and inflammation.

140 taxa has been maintained throughout African hominid evolution, and these microbial groups are also s

141 een cardiac output and energy expenditure in hominid evolution, we study a surrogate measure of cardi

142 om the rapid evolution of ASPM during recent hominid evolution.

143 all relative size of the frontal lobe during hominid evolution.

144 five million years ago and are not unique to hominid evolution.

145 bee diversity, a trend analogous to that of hominid evolution.

146 only three or four million years ago, during hominid evolution.

147 pseudogene, having been inactivated early in hominid evolution.

148 TR-CGIs with evidence of recent additions in hominid evolution.

149 body plan preceded suspensory adaptations in hominid evolution.

150 thus appears to have been widespread during hominid evolution.

151 terial genomes diversified in concert during hominid evolution.

152 ay account for episodic bursts in CNV during hominid evolution.

153 reby providing an informative perspective on hominid evolution.

154 tern and rates of genomic duplication during hominid evolution.

155 over the importance of the arboreal niche in hominid evolution.(1)(,)(2)(,)(3)(,)(4)(,)(5)(,)(6) Gori

156 Natural selection has had < 1% of hominid evolutionary time to eliminate the inevitable ma

157 Pan-Gorilla clade, and suggests that bipedal hominids evolved from a knuckle-walking ancestor that wa

158 4.1 million years ago, and perhaps earlier, hominids exhibited adaptations to bipedal walking.

159 between 4.51 and 4.32 million years for the hominid finds at As Duma.

160 of substantial and accurately dated African hominid fossils from between 100,000 and 300,000 years a

161 Hominid fossils from Ngandong and Sambungmacan, Central

162 Hominid fossils from this interval, however, are fragmen

163 Hominid fossils predating the emergence of Australopithe

164 scribe the characterization of these extinct hominids from a new perspective, based on the developmen

165 to estimate the deleterious mutation rate in hominids from the level of selective constraint in DNA s

166 ided with the evolutionary divergence of the hominids from the Old World monkeys.

167 nd Orrorin, the two other named late Miocene hominid genera, implies that these putative taxa are ver

168 man genomes and estimate 16% (469 Mb) of the hominid genome has been affected by recent CNV.

169 have played a role in the remodeling of the hominid genome.

170 A single HERV-T provirus in hominid genomes includes an env gene (hsaHTenv) that has

171 any of its members are found in a variety of hominid genomes.

172 ese Late Miocene fossils are assigned to the hominid genus Ardipithecus and represent the earliest de

173 largely consistent with a stem member of the hominid (great ape and human) clade.

174 is key to understanding the mosaic nature of hominid (great ape and human) evolution.

175 on ancestor (LCA) of humans and chimpanzees, hominids (great apes and humans), or hominoids (all apes

176 common ancestor of hylobatids (gibbons) and hominids (great apes and humans).

177 rates of spermatogenesis have likely had in hominids (great apes), considering a model that approxim

178 ave been recognized as a distinctive extinct hominid group that occupied Europe and western Asia betw

179 s of strain-level bacterial diversity within hominid gut microbiomes revealed that clades of Bacteroi

180 ta suggest that brain N-glycome evolution in hominids has been characterized by an overall increase i

181 Sequencing the genomes of extinct hominids has reshaped our understanding of modern human

182 joint complexes relative to the Skhul/Qafzeh hominids, have led some researchers to conclude that sig

183 tions requires an understanding of monkey to hominid homologies, particularly whether and how sulci a

184 red between 1.0 and 3.5 million years ago in hominid hosts.

185 sm in hominins and suspension in great apes (hominids); however, fossil evidence has been lacking.

186 y center of ossification, which is unique to hominids (i.e., all taxa related to the human clade foll

187 two diseases in relation to the evolution of hominids in Africa.

188 that was distinct from all extant and fossil hominids in overall facial shape and shared many feature

189 The existence at this time of other hominids in South Asia (Sivapithecus) and Southeast Asia

190 ighly autapomorphic (uniquely derived) among hominids in the structure of its skull and postcranial s

191 res shared exclusively with any extant crown hominid, including Pongo.

192 ing gut bacteria are congruent with those of hominids, indicating that nuclear, mitochondrial, and gu

193 floresiensis by Falk et al. implies that the hominid is an insular dwarf derived from H. erectus, but

194 drove the diversification and divergence of hominid KIR, with six positions in the HLA class I bindi

195 Ar. ramidus and all later hominids lack the carpometacarpal articular and ligament

196 tern portion of Olduvai Gorge indicates that hominid land use of the eastern paleobasin extended at l

197 ly eating mostly fruit and leaves, and early hominids left this environment for the savannah and grea

198 a critical addition to our understanding of hominid life-history evolution.

199 hat occurred some 6 million years ago in the hominid lineage and subsequent rearrangements, including

200 omosomal rearrangements that occurred in the hominid lineage and that relates to the evolution of lan

201 n of the human mitochondrion occurred in the hominid lineage driven by the need to optimize the aerob

202 ecline in retrotransposition activity in the hominid lineage during the last 40 Myr.

203 ificantly enhanced evolutionary rates in the hominid lineage.

204 at have amplified since the emergence of the hominid lineage.

205 n of 200-300 bp during the past 5 Myr in the hominid lineage.

206 estingly, we found that GAD3 was lost in the hominid lineage.

207 scendant relationship and exclusivity to the hominid lineage.

208 son activity have slowed particularly within hominid lineages when compared to rodents or monkeys.

209 since divergence of the Old World Monkey and hominid lineages.

210 mutations may therefore have become fixed in hominid lineages.

211 The relative roles of hominids, mammalian carnivores, and crocodiles in the fo

212 The evolving hominid masticatory apparatus--traceable to a Late Mioce

213 sitize a wide range of hosts; and (iv) early hominids may have first acquired Trichinella on the Afri

214 This suggests that those hominids may have possessed adaptations that allowed the

215 yclically structured vocal sounds in ancient hominids may have preluded the evolution of recursion in

216 g apes and propose that canal size in fossil hominids may provide an indication about the motor coord

217 l illuminate the life history impacts of the hominid-microbiome partnership.

218 We conclude that either hominid migration into the Americas occurred very much e

219 these mutations occurred after the suggested hominid migration out of Africa [100-150 000 years befor

220 ralleling the emergence of Homo erectus-like hominid morphology.

221 ysis of the hand remains of the Skhul/Qafzeh hominids, Neanderthals, early and late Upper Paleolithic

222 usions that harbor either human or non-human hominid (NHH) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

223 e Middle Awash provide fresh perspectives on hominid origins and early evolution.

224 thiopia's Afar Rift, now illuminates earlier hominid paleobiology and aspects of extant African ape e

225 ool use has been crucial in the evolution of hominid percussive technology.

226 the biogeographic patterns implied by early hominid phylogenies and compared them to the known dispe

227 r and single nucleotide variation across the hominid phylogeny.

228 200,000 years, suggesting that the ancestral hominid population at this time was widely dispersed acr

229 which is most consistent with a stem (basal) hominid position.

230 raced their origin back to the beginnings of hominid primate evolution, approximately 18 to 25 millio

231 reduces viable Vif resistance strategies for hominid primates.

232 lution that is immediately prior to entering hominid primates.

233 ermore, the level of selective constraint in hominid protein-coding sequences is atypically low.

234 fferences in the oral microbiomes of African hominids provide insights into human evolution, the ance

235 Since hominids reached Australia at least 50 000 years ago, a

236 The results suggest that early hominids regularly exploited relatively open environment

237 response in humans compared with our closest hominid relative, the chimpanzee, includes the progressi

238 mutation rate, which has accelerated in the hominids relative to other sequenced mammals.

239 of chimpanzees and Neanderthals, our closest hominid relatives.

240 for a eutherian mammal, far lower than their hominid relatives.

241 However, such claims about Plio-Pleistocene hominids rely mostly on very small assemblages of bony r

242 n collected from east of Lake Rudolf include hominid remains and the earliest dated stone artefacts k

243 However, why this division evolved in hominids requires further investigation.

244 compares the ability of six theta-defensins (hominid retrocyclins 1-3 and rhesus theta-defensins 1-3)

245 dence indicate that the 65,250 base pairs of hominid sequence so far identified in the library are of

246 The hominid shows strong affinities to the KNM ER 1470 crani

247 geochemical analyses that link the Kamoya's Hominid Site (KHS) Tuff(9), which conclusively overlies

248 of genetic mutation and, in contrast to the hominid slowdown of single-base-pair mutations, there ha

249 and the fragmentary data available on early hominid social formations and their geographical distrib

250 o provides one of the few examples of recent hominid speciation(1,2).

251 Fossil ECVs and dental measurements from 13 hominid species both support significantly increasing PG

252 Most hominid species dispersed at the same time and in the sa

253 mens, many phylogenies identify at least one hominid species that dispersed in the direction opposite

254 level of variation in gene expression among hominid species, including humans and chimpanzees, despi

255 t") that separated Homo sapiens from a prior hominid species.

256 globe and in the replacement of preexisting hominid species.

257 Here, we report that the hominid-specific gene LRRC37B encodes a receptor express

258 These hominid-specific lincRNAs are more tissue specific, enri

259 well as increased expression of full-length hominid-specific LINE-1s that produce bidirectional RNAs

260 ted RNAs, diverse transcription factors, and hominid-specific miRNAs and lncRNAs.

261 R-A (small NF90-associated RNA isoform A), a hominid-specific noncoding RNA that promotes cell prolif

262 SVA elements are ~2-kb hominid-specific noncoding RNAs that have resulted in si

263 Third, compared with other hominid-specific retrotransposons, SVA_D might have a br

264 Hominid specimens from both sites have played critical r

265 Here I report new hominid specimens from the Middle Awash area of Ethiopia

266 However, depending on the ages of critical hominid specimens, many phylogenies identify at least on

267 nding these and other contentious Indonesian hominid specimens, we used occlusal fingerprint analysis

268 raise additional questions about the claimed hominid status of Orrorin tugenensis, recently described

269 zzling features of the prehistoric record of hominid stone tools is its apparent punctuation: it cons

270 extant African apes and candidate ancestral hominids such as Ardipithecus, Orrorin and Sahelanthropu

271 stors of modern non-Africans and now extinct hominids such as Neanderthals and Denisovans.

272 Recent studies on bats, goats and hominids suggest that some mammalian brains may have und

273 and taphonomic evidence associated with the hominids, suggest that they occupied a wooded biotope ov

274 on of the microbiota within humans and other hominids suggests an ancient assembly that has been sele

275 itude and rate of morphological evolution in hominids suggests that many independent and incremental

276 It is therefore a hominid synapomorphy that can be used to assess the pres

277 to Middle Pleistocene, Java was inhabited by hominid taxa of great diversity.

278 ls (approximately 10,000), including several hominid taxa.

279 are used to estimate birthweights of extinct hominid taxa.

280 icates that the fossils probably represent a hominid taxon that postdated the divergence of lineages

281 Late Miocene fossil hominid teeth recovered from Ethiopia's Middle Awash are

282 Coupled to this virion retention, hominid tetherins induce proinflammatory gene expression

283 Gigantopithecus blacki was a giant hominid that inhabited densely forested environments of

284 pid cognitive or morphological change in the hominids that created the tools, or replacement of one s

285 ing bipedalism is a key derived behaviour of hominids that possibly originated soon after the diverge

286 etacean species a pattern similar to that in hominids, the VENs being larger than neighboring layer V

287 Because retrocyclin-1, an ancestral hominid theta-defensin, can protect human cells in vitro

288 we suggest that during the evolution of the hominids, this same pantomime mechanism could have been

289 lines of evidence suggest that in ancestral hominids, this younger generation typically comprised im

290 rated in temporal and parietal cortices, and hominid-unique organization in prefrontal cortex.

291 thought to have influenced the evolution of hominids, via the aridification of Africa, and may have

292 ngs represent a case of temporally recursive hominid vocal combinatorics in the absence of syntax, se

293 e habitats towards drier, open ones affected hominid vocal communication, potentially setting stage f

294 verage genomes for Denisovan and Neanderthal hominids, we conducted a screen for endogenized retrovir

295 ected ancestral uricases obtained from early hominids, we show that their expression on HepG2 cells i

296 tionary timeline of spoken language; a vocal hominid went in and, millions of years later, out came a

297 and across mammalian lineages including the hominids which are known to exhibit marked variability i

298 nism as a new source of genomic variation in hominids with a strong potential for functional conseque

299 rn, to Middle Upper Paleolithic early modern hominids, with the Levantine Middle Paleolithic early mo

300 the 42,000-y-old Mungo Man [Willandra Lakes Hominid (WLH3)].