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1 keys) and catarrhines (Old World monkeys and hominoids).
2 ates, strepsirrhines, New World monkeys, and hominoids).
3 or if the MFS is also identifiable in other hominoids.
4 B has persisted since the common ancestor of hominoids.
5 KIR2DL4, is also common to rhesus monkey and hominoids.
6 atures that may link proconsulids with later hominoids.
7 ost extreme case of positive selection among hominoids.
8 nzee pseudogene comparison, produced U>3 for hominoids.
9 iverse set of humans but not in other extant hominoids.
10 rcopithecoids vs. more eclectic movements in hominoids.
11 e absence of comparative measures from other hominoids.
12 used and unfused morphologies in a sample of hominoids.
13 d to compare evolved energy strategies among hominoids.
14 nomic rearrangement before the divergence of hominoids.
15 alism for cercopithecoids and orthogrady for hominoids.
16 ostcranial shared derived features of extant hominoids.
17 es that place it with 'nyanzapithecine' stem hominoids.
18 slower molecular clock as compared to other hominoids.
19 nger generation time in humans than in other hominoids.
20 evolution compared to chimpanzees and other hominoids.
21 tes of single-nucleotide substitutions among hominoids.
22 rtion to the cerebellum, compared with other hominoids.
23 mark that is shared between humans and other hominoids.
24 To investigate the evolutionary context of hominoid adaptive origins, we analyzed multiple paleoenv
25 evidence bearing on proconsulids' purported hominoid affinities is further weakened by this conclusi
26 anzees, hominids (great apes and humans), or hominoids (all apes and humans), which is needed to eval
27 ever analyzed in a comparative study of the hominoid amygdala, our findings suggest that an emphasis
29 rtion of an Alu element in the genome of the hominoid ancestor may have contributed to tail-loss evol
31 ive selection, a strong episode occurring in hominoid ancestors about the time of the IgA gene duplic
33 drocytes originated before the divergence of hominoids and catarrhine monkeys, and harbors strong sig
34 Genome-based estimates for divergence of hominoids and cercopithecoids range into the early Oligo
35 n reorganization was apparently different in hominoids and cercopithecoids, showing that brain size a
36 he morphology of the last common ancestor of hominoids and cercopithecoids, the timing of their diver
43 aints since shortly before the separation of hominoids and Old World monkeys approximately 23 million
44 s of years-to date, the only such example in hominoids and Old World monkeys outside of the major his
49 t would have been partly similar with extant hominoids, and in particular with Pan (e.g., terrestrial
50 points, one each within cercopithecoids and hominoids, and tests for a statistically appropriate mod
52 morphology at all ancestral nodes within the hominoid (ape and human) tree is closer to great apes th
53 eral lines of indirect evidence suggest that hominoids (apes and humans) and cercopithecoids (Old Wor
54 between the two groups of extant catarrhines-hominoids (apes and humans) and Old World monkeys-and ar
55 Phylogenetic relationships among extinct hominoids (apes and humans) are controversial due to per
56 of cercopithecoids (Old World monkeys) from hominoids (apes and humans)-is a poorly understood phase
58 nsul these features evolved independently in hominoids (apes) and cercopithecoids and much earlier in
59 mutation rates into split times among extant hominoids (apes), given sex-specific life histories.
63 trees for the four extant species of African hominoids are presented, based on mtDNA control region-1
65 patterning in ventral temporal cortex across hominoids, as well as revise the compensation theory of
67 ntaining processes, are exclusively found in hominoid brains while being absent from other primate br
68 n is derived with respect to earlier Miocene hominoids but is primitive with respect to the younger s
69 human HC is disproportionately large amongst hominoids, but much remains unknown at the levels of sub
72 s an improvement over other estimates of the hominoid-cercopithecoid divergence because it incorporat
74 using this model of molecular evolution, the hominoid-cercopithecoid divergence is estimated to range
76 p of crown Catarrhini, and we infer that the hominoid-cercopithecoid split happened later, between 29
77 ups of anthropoid primates, the catarrhines (hominoids, cercopithecoids) and platyrrhines (ceboids),
78 lts indicate extensive local repatterning of hominoid chromosomes in euchromatic regions through a du
79 onstruct the ancestral morphology of various hominoid clades based on phylogenetically-informed maxim
80 osal of potential synapomorphies for various hominoid clades, our results confirm the relevance of ve
81 nce suggests that nyanzapithecines were stem hominoids close to the origin of extant apes, and that h
83 ver, the fossil record indicates that living hominoids constitute narrow representatives of an ancien
84 uroanatomical structures largely specific to hominoid cortex and functional properties of LPFC remain
85 nd fully extended forelimbs, as in all apes (hominoids), Danuvius combines the adaptations of bipeds
88 Ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) 6 is a hominoid deubiquitinating enzyme previously implicated i
89 gests that the lineage leading to the living hominoids dispersed out of Africa about twenty million y
94 and KIR2DL5, have been preserved throughout hominoid evolution, and one of them, KIR2DL4, is also co
100 leoenvironmental proxies in conjunction with hominoid fossils from the Moroto II site in Uganda.
101 itat also has been suggested for the 6.0 Myr hominoid fossils recently recovered from Lukeino, Kenya.
103 3-6.7 million years old) is the latest known hominoid from Europe, dating to approximately the diverg
108 f genic segments during the evolution of the hominoid genome and strongly implicate GC-rich repeat el
109 a source of divergent genetic information in hominoid genomes, but their importance in physiological
111 austive BLAST searches of MCR numts in three hominoid genomes; (2) assessed numt prevalence across th
112 rth central Kenya mandates a revision of the hominoid genus Kenyapithecus, a possible early member of
114 Our analyses reveal that cercopithecoids and hominoids have undergone divergent evolutionary transfor
118 n the canine and skeletal size dimorphism in hominoids, imply that the species was not characterized
119 Despite being the most complete nonhominin hominoid in the fossil record, the O. bambolii skeleton
120 y pronounced along the catarrhine lineage to hominoids in which the nonsynonymous rate was first fast
121 at male reproductive genes evolve rapidly in hominoids is an oversimplification, a subset of proteins
123 sent in Macaca mulatta whose divergence from hominoids is thought to have occurred at least 33 millio
125 s, New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and hominoids, lending support to the idea that primate brai
126 ism, climbing), and the presence of a mix of hominoid-like and cercopithecoid-like traits in the axia
131 to previous suggestions, that the LCA of all hominoids lived in an environment that favored a gibbon-
132 These findings suggest that the origin of hominoid locomotor versatility is associated with foragi
134 nder pressure from rapidly evolving viruses, hominoid MHC class I molecules also evolve rapidly, beco
136 in our knowledge of fine-scale variation in hominoid morphology, behavior, and genetics, and aspects
139 es have recovered Pliobates as either a stem hominoid or as a pliopithecoid stem catarrhine (i.e., pr
140 stricted to B cells from their own family of hominoids or Old World NHP, suggesting a high degree of
141 lture assays showed that Suppressyn, and its hominoid orthologs, could restrict infection by extant m
145 head is more palmar than in all other known hominoids, permitting extreme midcarpal dorsiflexion.
146 y >1 kb in length, to accurately reconstruct hominoid phylogeny and recover the correct point of numt
148 nt resided in an orthologous position in all hominoid primate genomes examined, demonstrating that th
149 Additionally, the chimpanzee is the only hominoid primate known to produce a firm copulatory plug
151 ed by an unusual exon-shuffling mechanism in hominoid primates and represents a key example of rapid
153 ng fossil apes and hominins) and reconstruct hominoid proximal femur evolution using squared-change p
156 ars ago and thus represents the oldest known hominoid sharing these derived characters with living ap
159 ar rates comes from the primates; e.g., the "hominoid slowdown." These rate differences are hypothesi
163 a segment of the mitochondrial genome of six hominoid species (human, common and pygmy chimpanzees, g
166 a set of 75 KIR sequences representing five hominoid species was assembled, which also included rhes
168 and tumor suppressor genes (TSG) among seven hominoid species, including two extinct species, Neander
169 n autosomes but not on chromosome Y in other hominoid species, suggesting that it has duplicated on Y
177 atory contribution of LTR5Hs elements to the hominoid-specific diversification of the epiblast transc
178 ate the functional effect of HERVK LTR5Hs, a hominoid-specific endogenous retrovirus, on pre-implanta
179 ence of glutamate dehydrogenase 2 (GLUD2), a hominoid-specific enzyme purportedly optimized to facili
180 xpression of glutamate dehydrogenase GDH2, a hominoid-specific enzyme with relatively restricted expr
183 tion of H3K9me3-dependent heterochromatin at hominoid-specific retrotransposons plays important roles
184 t the 8-cell stage, H3K9me3 reprogramming at hominoid-specific retrotransposons termed SINE-VNTR-Alu
185 potent transcription factors from binding to hominoid-specific retrotransposons-derived regulatory el
187 at the human fusiform gyrus (FG), which is a hominoid-specific structure critical for complex object
189 of mtDNA sequence variation seen in today's hominoid taxa probably reflect historical differences in
190 ndicates sedimentary constituents, including hominoid teeth and cranial fragments accumulated from ve
193 Three-dimensional landmark data from the hominoid temporal bone effectively quantify the shape of
194 such substitutions in the nuclear genomes of hominoids than in the nuclear genomes of other primate a
195 istic analyses show that Pliobates is a stem hominoid that is more derived than previously described
197 tes, mitochondrial protein-coding genes from hominoids, the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from human influe
198 e set of Old World and New World monkeys and hominoids to identify functional regions in the human ge
200 nd referential communication are generalized hominoid traits, given appropriate eliciting contexts.
202 low-value foods to test the hypothesis that hominoids vary with regards to social cohesion and inter
203 orphological analysis of human and non-human hominoids was conducted in an attempt to determine the m
204 ly when a New World monkey was compared with hominoids were the rates slightly increased in the PAR1
205 haracters but recover pliopithecoids as stem hominoids when postcranial characters are included.
206 l high levels of hand disparity among modern hominoids, which are explained by different evolutionary
207 This critical change in integration among hominoids, which is reflected in macroevolutionary diffe
208 sivalensis also supports reconstruction of a hominoid with a positional repertoire more similar to th
209 rrying out finite element simulations of the hominoid wrist during knuckle-walking by virtually gener
210 ypothesis is the role of the centrale in the hominoid wrist, since the fusion of this bone with the s