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1 d) and 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butanoic acid (hydroxy acid).
2 lization by ester bond formation from a seco-hydroxy acid.
3  unsual nonproteinogenic amino acids and one hydroxy acid.
4 zation step of the activated linear trimeric hydroxy acid.
5 oxidation of L-lactate and other small alpha-hydroxy acids.
6 reoselectively anti-gamma-(aryl,styryl)-beta-hydroxy acids.
7 lavoenzymes that catalyze oxidation of alpha-hydroxy acids.
8 s to alpha-L-amino acids and closely related hydroxy acids.
9 nt drugs, natural products, amino acids, and hydroxy acids.
10 pha,alpha-disubstituted-amino acids and beta-hydroxy acids.
11 s for polyols, particularly, saccharides and hydroxy acids.
12 n enantiodiscrimination of chiral amines and hydroxy acids.
13 nt over other methods for the synthesis of 3-hydroxy acids.
14 tration analysis of amino alcohols and alpha-hydroxy acids.
15 ssential for reaction with water and d-alpha-hydroxy acids.
16  flavoproteins catalyzing oxidation of alpha-hydroxy acids.
17  flavoproteins catalyzing oxidation of alpha-hydroxy acids.
18 for amino acids and chiral HPLC analysis for hydroxy acids.
19 trains that produce either chiral 2-methyl-3-hydroxy acids (1.1 +/- 0.2 g L(-1)) or branched enoic ac
20 cascade biocatalysis to produce chiral alpha-hydroxy acids, 1,2-amino alcohols and alpha-amino acids,
21            A Mitsunobu macrolactonization of hydroxy acid 2 avoided isomerization of the sensitive 2,
22 mounts (1 to 3%) of 12:0 and 14:0; and eight hydroxy acids, 2-OH-12:0 (4%), 2-OH-14:0 (trace), 3-OH-1
23 , albeit 4-fold more potent than the acyclic hydroxy acid 25 (Ki = 1.5 mM as a mixture of epimers).
24 of crotonic acid leads to 29 % yield of beta-hydroxy acid (3-hydroxybutanoic acid).
25                                      D-Alpha-hydroxy acids act as acyl acceptors for glycyl substrate
26        We interrogated A-domain 2-keto and 2-hydroxy acid activation and loading, and KR domain activ
27 t not for more specific d-alanyl substrates; hydroxy acids actually behave, more generally, as mixed
28 aminophenylboronic acid with saccharides and hydroxy acids also confirm that the observed resistance
29                                        alpha-Hydroxy acids also form stable osmate esters in reasonab
30 he bCLC-k pore and how insertion of an alpha-hydroxy acid alters selectivity.
31  highlighted with almost 30 alcohols, diols, hydroxy acids, amines and amino alcohols, and the accura
32 g of 35 amino acids, amino phosphonic acids, hydroxy acids, amino alcohols, and diamines with an auxi
33 ploys base-mediated esterification of a beta-hydroxy acid and a salicylate cyanomethyl ester.
34 Na(2)CO(3)-mediated esterification of a beta-hydroxy acid and a salicylate cyanomethyl ester.
35 sibility of enzymatic incorporation of alpha-hydroxy acid and acid analogues (lacking amino group) of
36 e studied direct acylation of tRNAs by alpha-hydroxy acid and acid analogues of amino acids and corre
37                              Together, alpha-hydroxy acids and alpha-amino acids form depsipeptides-o
38  distinct non-canonical amino acids or alpha hydroxy acids and decode distinct codons.
39 uced were converted into 2-oxolactones and 3-hydroxy acids and directly to ulosonic acid derivatives,
40 elective kinetic resolution to provide alpha-hydroxy acids and esters in high optical purity and good
41  depsipeptide systems containing hydrophobic hydroxy acids and indicate that depsipeptide assemblies
42 ration of (i) alpha-hydroxyamides from alpha-hydroxy acids and of (ii) perfluoroalkylated amides.
43 ides using a matrix of eight alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids and six alpha-, beta-, and gamma-amino aci
44 f saturated fatty acids to high value chiral hydroxy-acids and lactones poses a number of synthetic c
45 -methylcyclopropyl)-glycine, a beta-branched-hydroxy acid, and 3-hydroxy glutamic acid, for which bio
46 s such as hydroxy amides, oxazolidinediones, hydroxy acids, and amino acids were included.
47  examines catalytic routes to convert diols, hydroxy acids, and dicarboxylic acids to lactones, focus
48 glycerophosphocholines, six fatty acids, two hydroxy acids, and eight other metabolites) were signifi
49 aterials such as amino acids, carbohydrates, hydroxy acids, and terpenes in the carbon framework of t
50                                            2-hydroxy acids are organic carboxylic acids ubiquitous in
51                            Linear poly(alpha-hydroxy acids) are important degradable polymers, and th
52 tructural isomers, including alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids, are observed among the hydrophilic molecu
53 , which would ultimately yield keto acid and hydroxy acid as urinary metabolites.
54 ty can be detected with amino acids or alpha-hydroxy acids as substrates.
55 tential feasibility of functionalized poly(a-hydroxy acids) as ductile and resilient polymeric materi
56 recognition of l-malate, but not other alpha-hydroxy acids, as the acceptor substrate.
57  We use nonsense suppression to insert alpha-hydroxy acids at pore-lining positions in two CLC-type c
58  bonds were generated by incorporating alpha-hydroxy acids at positions 39, 44, or 50, respectively,
59 hat depsipeptide assemblies containing alpha hydroxy acid backbones are significantly more stable tha
60 ased on the early application and success of hydroxy acid based polyesters as degradable sutures and
61        Topical therapy including tretinoins, hydroxy acids, bleaching agents, and sunscreens are disc
62  has shown promise for generating high-value hydroxy acids, but to date enzyme discovery has relied o
63 ne, are converted to the corresponding alpha-hydroxy acids by the auxiliary enzyme.
64 oscopic discrimination of a series of chiral hydroxy acids by their coordination and self-assembly wi
65 ereoregular functionalized cyclic poly(alpha-hydroxy acids) by means of controlled polymerization of
66 ular-weight (>200 kDa) functionalized poly(a-hydroxy acids) by means of controlled ring-opening polym
67 ould readily prepare cyclic block poly(alpha-hydroxy acids) by means of sequential addition of O-carb
68  and outdoors, including monoacids, diacids, hydroxy acids, carbonyl acids, and aromatic acids.
69 ti-carboxylic acids (e.g., citric acid), and hydroxy acid compounds (e.g., lactic acid).
70 nction in a pathway context to produce alpha-hydroxy acid-containing linear peptides and cyclic depsi
71 equired a highly discriminatory screen for 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase activity to select enzymes wh
72 binding core domain that is homologous to D2 hydroxy acid dehydrogenase enzymes, as well as an unstru
73 m Pseudomonas putida, an FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase, oxidizes (S)-mandelate to be
74 Pseudomonas putida is an FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase.
75 e/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is a D-2-hydroxy-acid dehydrogenase that plays a critical role in
76        The enzyme belongs to the family of D-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases (DHDHs).
77 ficant amino acid sequence similarity with D-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases (DHs), including strongly co
78 d dehydrogenases, in general, to function as hydroxy acid dehydrogenases.
79        The enzyme belongs to the family of D-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases.
80 cid dehydrogenases from functioning as alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases.
81         Attempted cyclization of several C15 hydroxy acid derivatives to the 16-membered lactone bafi
82 pid access to enantioenriched tertiary alpha-hydroxy acid derivatives unavailable through Mo-catalyze
83 hesis of beta-methyl chiral amines and alpha-hydroxy acid derivatives, respectively.
84 l group tolerance is observed and amino- and hydroxy-acid derivatives can be functionalized.
85 ual nucleophilic displacement reaction and d-hydroxy acid DHs to oxidize alcohols to ketones.
86 e with the typical role of this residue in D-hydroxy acid DHs.
87 ctivity of translation with respect to beta2-hydroxy acid enantiomers; (ii) the activity of PylRS var
88 ination of lovastatin present in lactone and hydroxy acid forms and citrinin in red rice products pro
89                   The stereochemistry of the hydroxy acids from the reduction of keto acids is depend
90  high-molecular-weight functionalized poly(a-hydroxy acids) from O-carboxyanhydrides have been hamper
91 atic group of the fluorescent chromophore, a hydroxy acid group of beta-hydroxy aspartic acid, and a
92                  A series of weak lipophilic hydroxy acids (HA) including fluorinated alcohols and ph
93 the amino acid immediately N-terminal of the hydroxy acid has a large effect on the hydrolysis rate.
94 NH(2)) containing metabolites, including all hydroxy acids (HAs) and amino acids (AAs), by chiral der
95 wever, attempts to prepare cyclic poly(alpha-hydroxy acids) have been plagued by side reactions, incl
96        Newly identified low-molecular-weight hydroxy acids (HO-R-COOH) and dicarboxylic acids (HOOC-R
97 witched from an alpha-amino acid to an alpha-hydroxy acid in a single round of combinatorial mutagene
98 d gamma-keto acids provide the corresponding hydroxy acids in 77-98% ee, and the alpha- and gamma- ke
99 er enable the incorporation of OEGs to alpha-hydroxy acids in a simple and efficient manner.
100 , were replaced with the corresponding alpha-hydroxy acids in the context of a chemoselectively ligat
101                Introduction of such an alpha-hydroxy acid into a protein translated in vivo, followed
102     The site-specific incorporation of alpha-hydroxy acids into proteins using nonsense suppression c
103        We describe here the incorporation of hydroxy acids into the precursor peptides in E. coli whi
104  general base accepting a proton as the beta-hydroxy acid is oxidized to the beta-keto acid, and this
105 lpha-hydroxy acids to optically active alpha-hydroxy acids is reported.
106 n affords unsymmetrical bis(silyl) protected hydroxy acids, leading to an efficient way for the synth
107 ctional enzyme CrpD-M2 that incorporates a 2-hydroxy acid moiety (unit D) into Crp analogues.
108  the asymmetric synthesis of the unique beta-hydroxy acid moiety (Z)-3-hydroxy-6,8-dimethylnon-4-enoi
109 ic steps leading to the incorporation of a 2-hydroxy acid moiety in the final chain elongation interm
110 chemical reactions are mediated by the alpha-hydroxy acid moiety, a group which has generally been fo
111 yl-tRNA synthetase enzymes that accept alpha-hydroxy acid monomers whose side chains contain masked n
112 verned by a series of Mitsunobu reactions of hydroxy acid monomers.
113 t oxidize aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes or hydroxy acids, nor does it reduce keto acids.
114 ponsible for enabling GO to react with alpha-hydroxy acids of various chain lengths.
115 rochemically altered to monoamines and alpha-hydroxy acids on FeS and NiS catalysts at 25 degrees C.
116  8-HPETE can be reduced to the corresponding hydroxy acid or be enzymatically converted to a newly id
117  is derived from the following: amino acids, hydroxy acids or peptides; a silicon alkoxide; and a met
118                                   Long chain hydroxy acid oxidase (LCHAO) is a member of an FMN-depen
119                                Inhibition of hydroxy acid oxidase 1 (HAO1) is a strategy to mitigate
120 genes are targeted to peroxisomes and have 2-hydroxy acid oxidase activities.
121 approaches identified three distinct human 2-hydroxy acid oxidase genes, HAOX1, HAOX2, and HAOX3, tha
122 to plant glycolate oxidase, a prototypical 2-hydroxy acid oxidase.
123 of the flavin mononucleotide-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase/dehydrogenase family, is a membrane
124 of the flavin mononucleotide-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase/dehydrogenase family, oxidizes (S)-
125 hese results indicate that all three human 2-hydroxy acid oxidases are involved in the oxidation of 2
126                    In contrast to most alpha-hydroxy acid oxidases including spinach glycolate oxidas
127 rait of metal ion- and NAD(P)-dependent beta-hydroxy acid oxidative decarboxylases.
128                                The amino and hydroxy acid partial structures of wewakpeptins A-D (1-4
129 ydroascorbic acid at biological pH to a C(4)-hydroxy acid plus a previously unreported ascorbate ozon
130 no acid residue with the corresponding alpha-hydroxy acid, preserving stereochemistry, and conformati
131                       Incorporation of alpha-hydroxy acids (primary amino group is substituted with h
132 e uses encompass selective 1,2-diol or alpha-hydroxy acid protection, enantiotopic recognition and de
133 arA) superfamily, a diverse superfamily of 2-hydroxy acid racemases and epimerases using the nickel-p
134  side chains, thereby identifying 14 novel 2-hydroxy acid racemization and epimerization reactions ca
135 obic amino acids (Phe, two Leu, Val) and one hydroxy acid ((S)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid; O-Le
136 d acrylamide)s and oligo(2-substituted-alpha-hydroxy acid)s have been synthesized.
137 a dual role for the metal, which orients the hydroxy acid substrate in the enzyme's active site and r
138 ymes that catalyze oxidation of various beta-hydroxy acid substrates to corresponding semialdehydes.
139 epresent an unusual arrangement of amino and hydroxy acid subunits relative to known cyanobacterial p
140 hibited cell growth while others including 2-hydroxy acids, surprisingly, reduced lactate accumulatio
141 degradability and biocompatibility of poly(a-hydroxy acids), their utility remains limited because th
142 MN-dependent enzyme family that oxidizes L-2-hydroxy acids to ketoacids.
143 ve catalytic transformation of racemic alpha-hydroxy acids to optically active alpha-hydroxy acids is
144 dent, peroxisomal enzyme that oxidizes alpha-hydroxy acids to the corresponding alpha-keto acids, wit
145 library of propargylated and PEGylated alpha-hydroxy acids toward the preparation of "clickable" poly
146 in the extracts were phenolics and aliphatic hydroxy acids typical of royal jelly and unsaturated dic
147          The capability of forming protected hydroxy acids under mild conditions with high yields in
148                              The resulting 2-hydroxy acid was elongated with three synthetic Crp chai
149                                 Mannonate, a hydroxy acid, was replicated (hazard ratio, 1.36 [95% CI
150 om naturally occurring alpha-amino- or alpha-hydroxy acids, was found to provide high levels of both
151 of the channel, two imino acids and an alpha-hydroxy acid were incorporated at the proline position u
152 In vitro enzymatic analysis indicated that 2-hydroxy acids were metabolized by lactate dehydrogenase
153 e methyl ester with an enantiomerically pure hydroxy acid, which in turn was synthesized by a highly
154 shown to catalyze hydroxylation to form beta-hydroxy acids, which upon decarboxylation led to hemiket
155 ide) bond formation that is enabled by alpha-hydroxy acids, which were likely present along with amin
156  by the enzyme paraoxonase to the respective hydroxy acids, which were very weak glucocorticoid agoni
157 rize up to 16 different substrates, mostly 2-hydroxy acids with hydrophobic side chains, thereby iden
158 eloped for the condensation of racemic alpha-hydroxy acids with trichloromethyl chloroformate (diphos
159 translational incorporation of diverse alpha hydroxy acids, with both aliphatic and aromatic side cha

 
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