ライフサイエンスコーパス: illegal

1 that financial exchange between the pair was illegal.

2 haviors that are highly sensitive and may be illegal.

3 countries, where abortion typically remains illegal.

4 of local people and visitors both legal and illegal.

5 d, unreported export of these species became illegal.

6 off-label use of any agent should be deemed illegal.

7 Although logging is now illegal, 21st-century climate change constitutes a new-b

8 y ill or permanently unconscious patients is illegal; (3) risk management personnel must be consulted

9 we also estimate the relative importance of illegal activities across sectors, stakeholders, and inf

10 n be improved with increased protection from illegal activities and presence of buffer protected area

11 lties levied on pharmaceutical companies for illegal activities by type of activity and dollar value

12 companies, in China, and law enforcement for illegal activities of e-waste recycling has also been ma

13 tat conversion may be banned in these areas, illegal activities often continue to cause alarming habi

14 l drug-seeking behavior and participation in illegal activities that reflect, in part, disrupted beha

15 tions: (1) harvest regulation will cease all illegal activities, (2) defined sustainable quotas can b

16 places is critical to effectively disrupting illegal activities.

17 the chemical footprint associated with these illegal activities.

18 sychopathy were associated with a history of illegal activity at treatment admission, whereas antisoc

19 Estimating illegal activity directly from fisheries enforcement off

20 legal fishing baseline for Chile, estimating illegal activity for 20 fisheries, representing ~ 70% of

21 % versus 49.3%), to have recently engaged in illegal activity for profit (64.0% versus 38.5%), and to

22 cular concern and we suggest such changes in illegal activity in MPAs globally may persist over long

23 data from association-based genome scans for illegal addictions, and reanalyses of previous results n

24 eat and non-meat proteins were observed, and illegal addition and replacement of ingredients were dis

25 The illegal addition of formalin (37% formaldehyde and 14% m

26 gies for the detection and quantification of illegal addition of mammalian tissues in feeding stuffs)

27 The need of controlling illegal addition of water buffalo (WB) milk from foreign

28 ty was investigated to detect the effects of illegal administration of dexamethasone or prednisolone

29 The illegal administration of recombinant human erythropoiet

30 The illegal adulteration of milk with melamine in 2008 in Ch

31 in recent years, the authorities have seized illegal alcoholic products that are marketed as Tequila

32 understand how clear-felling, drainage, and illegal and authorized conversion to oil palm impacted t

33 iring those with criminal histories, is both illegal and ineffective.

34 times for resident patients or increase the illegal and unethical purchase of organs from living don

35 Many people consider this research immoral, illegal, and unnecessary.

36 a carryover, which has led to accusations of illegal aromatization.

37 Ongoing illegal badger culling is likewise expected to increase

38 t association test (BIAT)) for investigating illegal badger killing by livestock farmers across Wales

39 The extent of illegal badger killing is currently unknown.

40 atric and functional outcomes (health, risky/illegal behavior, financial/educational functioning, and

41 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.89) and fewer risky or illegal behaviors (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.46-0.72) compared

42 nctional outcomes (physical health, risky or illegal behaviors, and financial and social functioning)

43 of other drug use disorders, and history of illegal behaviors.

44 information about a co-member's drug-related illegal behaviour.

45 weak organoleptic defects are the targets of illegal blends that can be detected by determining the c

46 ive-ion mode was developed and validated for illegal bromate determination in preliminary and bakery

47 e prescription drug importation is currently illegal, but the U.S. Food and Drug Administration permi

48 nya, to partition mortality into natural and illegal causes.

49 to the lateral side of the head (ie, Rule 48-Illegal Check to the Head) was introduced in the Nationa

50 , as a proof-of-concept for the detection of illegal colorants.

51 erceive medicinal benefit from the currently illegal consumption of cannabis.

52 ill be subject to WTO rules, and if declared illegal, could lead to trade sanctions under the WTO dis

53 introduced under the revised law, could end illegal deforestation by greatly reducing the cost of mo

54 Achieving zero illegal deforestation in this context would require the

55 8), as well as infraction notices related to illegal deforestation(9).

56 t to land and protect their territories from illegal deforestation.

57 rs were more likely to use methods that were illegal, destructive, and concentrated in inshore areas

58 lf-driving vehicles, especially in detecting illegal driving behaviors.

59 The primary prevention of illegal drug injecting will eliminate the greatest risk

60 earlier use of alcohol and tobacco to later illegal drug involvement.

61 stems, such as those found in counterfeit or illegal drug preparations, post-metabolic tissue samples

62 uman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, illegal drug use and hazardous alcohol use are hypothesi

63 pendently associated with HCV infection were illegal drug use and high-risk sexual behavior.

64 suggests that laws and policies prohibiting illegal drug use could have a central role in shaping he

65 for cosmetic procedures should be followed, illegal drug use discouraged, and hepatitis B vaccinatio

66 Illegal drug use was also prevalent with about 50% of th

67 ries of early conduct problems, drinking and illegal drug use, depression, and suicidal behaviors.

68 Marijuana is the most popular illegal drug worldwide.

69 Marijuana is the most widely abused illegal drug, and its spectrum of effects suggests that

70 e criminal justice system often results from illegal drug-seeking behavior and participation in illeg

71 risk of overdose death related to alcohol or illegal drugs (hazard ratios, 1.89 and 1.23, respectivel

72 month use of marijuana (odds ratio=0.65) and illegal drugs (odds ratio=0.67).

73 ng female students was associated with using illegal drugs (P < .001) and having sexual intercourse w

74 proteins, and this percentage is larger when illegal drugs are included.

75 Last decades, electrochemical sensing of illegal drugs has experienced a very significant growth,

76 the problematic use of alcohol, smoking, and illegal drugs in bariatric surgery candidates and patien

77 ears report unhealthy use of prescription or illegal drugs in the US.

78 People who use illegal drugs or engage in high-risk sexual behavior acc

79 e of identifying synthetic opioids and other illegal drugs within packages, but are accompanied by se

80 y" (a location where people gather to inject illegal drugs) was a strong correlate of HDAb positivity

81 ion of around 20 racemates, including drugs, illegal drugs, amino-acids, and nucleosides.

82 c opioids were the second most commonly used illegal drugs, following marijuana, in all racial/ethnic

83 shared addiction vulnerability to legal and illegal drugs.

84 the problematic use of alcohol, smoking, and illegal drugs.

85 (marijuana, smoking, alcohol, and hard [ie, illegal] drugs) and delinquent behaviors (arrest, handgu

86 nce of severe anthropogenic threats, such as illegal dumping and fishery malpractices that were visua

87 This area has been polluted by the illegal dumping in fields of industrial or domestic wast

88 i.e., agriculture, urbanisation, industries, illegal dumping) are common, exacerbated by interconnect

89 the detection of a broad range of hazardous illegal dyes in complex matrices over the past 21 years,

90 sis, and chromatography are used to identify illegal dyes.

91 ly, we observed that hunting ranges from the illegal, economically motivated, and unsustainable hunti

92 uding politics, economics, and the pervasive illegal exploitation of indigenous lands.

93 e opportunity to explore the consequences of illegal exploitation on wildlife communities, as it cont

94 Many of the violations pertain to the illegal extraction of CITES-listed timber species outsid

95 Illegal fentanyl is driving overdose mortality, and fent

96 to reduce the prevalence of uncontrolled or illegal fire in the Brazilian Amazon.

97 hat quantifying and locating nondeclared and illegal fisheries is persistently problematic.

98 for unreported catches (e.g. small-scale and illegal fisheries, bycatch and discards) influences func

99 Here, we compile infraction records of illegal fishing activities by both professional (commerc

100 and fisheries managers intent on controlling illegal fishing activities established marine protected

101 We provide a national illegal fishing baseline for Chile, estimating illegal a

102 Although illegal fishing has been a pervasive problem, the curren

103 Resulting increases in illegal fishing in large-scale marine protected areas (M

104 There is a widespread perception that illegal fishing is common in marine protected areas (MPA

105 report on average 19 times as many suspected illegal fishing vessels per month in 2022 (n = 19) compa

106 ve mortality due to lethal interactions with illegal fishing vessels.

107 ed focus on regional approaches to combating illegal fishing, formal bilateral agreements between com

108 try, or individual to fish sustainably, curb illegal fishing, or create large marine reserves as step

109 the level, structure, and characteristics of illegal fishing.

110 discovered would not be considered to be an illegal food, in which antibiotic residues may affect hu

111 tions are inconsistent, and cannabis remains illegal for therapeutic use in many countries.

112 rt traceability and enhance measures against illegal gold mining.

113 ations, agricultural and urban expansions or illegal gold mining.

114 Our results suggest that illegal gun carrying is malleable, and public health eff

115 rk in Tanzania and calculated the history of illegal harvest and enforcement by park authorities.

116 s a driver of biodiversity loss, quantifying illegal harvest is essential for conservation and sociop

117 Illegal harvesting and trading of wildlife have become m

118 Illegal harvesting coupled with habitat degradation has

119 otential as a consequence of factors such as illegal harvesting, regulations that legally allow detri

120 associated with security applications (e.g., illegal, hazardous, and terrorist events), (b) chemical

121 tempt to assist border security crackdown on illegal human immigration, by providing essential result

122 Convictions pertained overwhelmingly to illegal hunting for commercial purposes and involved all

123 Here we extracted 9,256 convictions for illegal hunting from a nationwide database of trial verd

124 Our results suggest that illegal hunting is a major, overlooked threat to biodive

125 These convictions involved illegal hunting of 21% (n = 673) of China's amphibian, r

126 ed hunting of ungulates within parks and the illegal hunting of mainly predators outside parks in the

127 in human-dominated landscapes and decreased illegal hunting with beneficial community conditions, su

128 broad(4), little attention has been given to illegal hunting within its borders.

129 fare such as poor breeding practices and the illegal import of young or pregnant dogs.

130 one of several troubling practices that are illegal in many circumstances.

131 MSM in sub-Saharan Africa; homosexuality is illegal in most countries, and political and social host

132 This practice, illegal in most countries, often happens in unsanitary c

133 is a popular synthetic cathinone that is now illegal in the United States and other countries.

134 last-resort response, this practice remains illegal in the United States except in Oregon, and even

135 rom a living donor remains controversial and illegal in the United States" and took note of the posit

136 nd its distribution as an antiaging agent is illegal in the United States.

137 se practices, even though they are currently illegal in Washington State.

138 s money on drugs (P<.001), and received less illegal income (P<.02) than the waiting list participant

139 ng younger age, peer or partner recruitment, illegal income, methamphetamine use, each with modest ef

140 pes in pedigrees with loops and detects more illegal, incomplete descent graphs in such pedigrees.

141 minent institutions and the investigation of illegal "inducements" or "kickbacks" provided by manufac

142 potentially dangerous, and some that contain illegal ingredients, is ever present, especially through

143 ulinum and Clostridium tetani among users of illegal injected drugs (IDUs) occurred in the United Kin

144 onth is an effective means of disrupting the illegal interstate transfer of firearms.

145 n in a manner that previous cases have found illegal, it operates in the context of important profess

146 provide the most comprehensive assessment of illegal ivory harvest to date and confirm that current i

147 The illegal ivory trade has led to severe declines in elepha

148 The illegal ivory trade recently intensified to the highest

149 e under threat, especially from poaching for illegal ivory trade.

150 d no significant temporal trends in rates of illegal killing for Southern, Central and Western Africa

151 At the intensively monitored site, illegal killing increased markedly after 2008 and was co

152 om application to continental data indicated illegal killing levels were unsustainable for the specie

153 ican elephants comes from the Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) program, which repor

154 hen expand our analytical framework to model illegal killing rates and population trends of elephants

155 Although poaching (illegal killing) is an important cause of death for larg

156 se moors, which is most likely the result of illegal killing.

157 R enrollment is increasingly used to bolster illegal land claims, putting it at the heart of land gra

158 gthen local-to-regional governance, suppress illegal land grabbing, deforestation, logging, and gold

159 ealth and well-being, while also alleviating illegal logging activity within the protected forest.

160 Lidar detected substantial illegal logging activity-579 km of logging canals were l

161 f irregular environmental behavior including illegal logging and hunting.

162 were logged under concessions until 1998 and illegal logging continues in accessible portions.

163 ns in the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement, illegal logging continues to plague the region.

164 ral climate mitigation through reductions in illegal logging in rural Borneo: an intervention aimed a

165 concession system is enabling the widespread illegal logging via the regulatory documents designed to

166 ts offsetting costs historically met through illegal logging.

167 changes in the model predictions because the illegal loops include steps that are unnecessary under t

168 uaintances (22.0%; 95% CI, 13.2%-34.5%), the illegal market (29.6%; 95% CI, 19.3%-42.5%), strangers o

169 Cocaine obtained on the illegal market is rarely found in pure form.

170 to limit the supply of guns available in the illegal market.

171 ics argue that it will push them back to the illegal market.

172 ederal and state investigations of allegedly illegal marketing practices of other pharmaceutical firm

173 leviate concerns that youths would switch to illegal markets in response to a higher MLA.

174 The Illegal Migration Act, which recently passed through the

175 e ITs since 2013, followed by an increase in illegal mining areas.

176 misunderstood by users and have also led to illegal misleading and potentially dangerous industry pr

177 that carry no meaning, and orthographically illegal, nonpronounceable nonwords (NN).

178 in briefly presented words (e.g., TABLE) and illegal nonwords (e.g., GTFRS) using event-related poten

179 ld essentially free from the sale (legal and illegal) of tobacco products.

180 collected whistleblower complaints alleging illegal off-label marketing from the US Department of Ju

181 ld production originates from unregulated or illegal operators, which generates severe environmental

182 Misuse of prescription and illegal opioids (e.g., morphine, heroin) has led to majo

183 effective approaches to reduce overdoses of illegal opioids, and the role of social contexts in shap

184 care in the United States where abortion is illegal or access is limited.

185 hol, binge drinking, cannabis, and any other illegal or misused prescription drugs.

186 at make prescription writing for nonpatients illegal or unethical based on legal statutes or ethical

187 and support the genetic traceability of the illegal pangolin trade.

188 opogenic impact on their natural habitat and illegal pet and bushmeat trade.

189 Habitat destruction and capture for the illegal pet trade are ongoing.

190 exception that /pt/ at syllable onset is an illegal phonotactic form in English.

191 both the target of legal trophy hunting and illegal poaching, man-made interference could drive fund

192 ntly occurs in both legal trophy hunting and illegal poaching.

193 ntification of illicit drugs for determining illegal possession of controlled substances by law enfor

194 help improving the strategy for tracking new illegal practices in aquaculture.

195 nsic investigation into a case involving the illegal production of ricin and abrin toxins.

196 to increase the overall volume, resulting in illegal profit.

197 c proteins were observed between samples and illegal proportions of ingredients were discovered.

198 to ship and distribute contraband, including illegal psychoactive drugs such as fentanyl and heroin,

199 ry for the determination of common legal and illegal psychoactive drugs, and major metabolites, in br

200 Illegal residence (p < 0.001), domestic violence (p < 0.

201 hermore, the Al-PSERS could rapidly identify illegal (rhodamine B) and edible (allura red, erythrosin

202 medicines do not only reach patients through illegal routes but also via the legal supply chain.

203 support for policies designed to reduce the illegal sale of guns, such as mandatory tamper-resistant

204 misdemeanors; and strategies to curtail the illegal sale of guns.

205 st proof of age was strongly associated with illegal sales (uncorrected sales rate, 10.5% compared wi

206 The rate of illegal sales for all first compliance checks in unique

207 Illegal sales of tobacco to minors at compliance checks;

208 elf-reported access to tobacco, and reducing illegal sales to less than 20 percent of attempts -- the

209 s improved merchants' compliance and reduced illegal sales to minors but did not alter adolescents' p

210 Other factors associated with increased illegal sales were employment of older minors to make th

211 minors at compliance checks; association of illegal sales with variables such as age and sex of the

212 hecks provide important guidance for curbing illegal sales.

213 ocations also were associated with increased illegal sales.

214 More importantly, illegal samples provided a complete inhibition of the te

215 owers with inside knowledge of the allegedly illegal schemes.

216 ior histories of experimentation, orphanage, illegal seizure, or violent human conflict were more lik

217 n the USA is transitioning from a nationwide illegal status to liberalisation for medicinal or recrea

218 uana use, but to an amendment in marijuana's illegal status.

219 uding analytes with known persistence and/or illegal status.

220 ring its potential for the identification of illegal stimulant use and contributing to forensic inves

221 elic variants that predispose the carrier to illegal substance addiction.

222 Since cannabis is an illegal substance in many countries, research has been h

223 and cannabis remains the most commonly used illegal substance in pregnancy.

224 Cannabis is the most abused illegal substance in the United States.

225 Instances of illegal substance trafficking and use and public drunken

226 ns violations, gun assaults, and shootings), illegal substance trafficking and use, public drunkennes

227 idence interval [CI] 1.1-3.9) and ever using illegal substances (aHR 4.8, 95% CI 1.8-13.0) were assoc

228 tio [aHR] 2.1, 95%CI 1.1-3.9) and ever using illegal substances (aHR 4.8, 95%CI 1.8-13.0) were associ

229 the inhibition process (n = 826) and use of illegal substances and associated with genetic variation

230 ns between individuals who were dependent on illegal substances and controls.

231 method was developed for rapid screening of illegal substances in solid samples.

232 her maternal viral load, and maternal use of illegal substances were significantly associated with tr

233 ation days, treatment at baseline, not using illegal substances, and a diagnosis of bipolar disorder

234 are conditions in which the use of legal or illegal substances, such as nicotine, alcohol or opioids

235 addition of pork and egg white proteins, and illegal substitution of veal, goose and duck meat with c

236 now that regulation of harvest does not stop illegal takes.

237 Despite being illegal, this practice remains widespread(4,5).

238 physical assault, robbery, sexual offenses, illegal threats or intimidation, and arson.

239 assault, robbery, arson, any sexual offense, illegal threats, or intimidation).

240 assault, robbery, arson, any sexual offense, illegal threats, or intimidation).

241 ion, including new fertilizer products using illegal-to-trade rhinoceros horn, and novel farming meth

242 1 individuals that were confiscated from the illegal trade and demonstrate the promises of using non-

243 serve as a powerful forensic tool to combat illegal trade in animal parts.

244 move rapidly around the world with legal and illegal trade in animals and animal products.

245 understanding of the scale and scope of the illegal trade in big cats and aid in the enforcement of

246 especially poaching and the unregulated and illegal trade in pelts, bones, teeth and other products

247 Illegal trade in sharks and rays continues to undermine

248 n, attempting to put itself in control of an illegal trade in which there is overwhelming historical

249 novative approaches are needed to combat the illegal trade in wildlife.

250 mechanisms is necessary to combat widespread illegal trade of shark fins and realize the conservation

251 be utilized in monitoring and curtailing the illegal trade of these endangered species.

252 ive means for monitoring and controlling the illegal trade of these species, thereby supporting decis

253 de of the threat that fishing industries and illegal trade represent to sharks in the Eastern Tropica

254 ers, and thus gain a better understanding of illegal trade routes.

255 uman enterprise such as habitat destruction, illegal trade, and climate disruption.

256 period, indicating substantial and sustained illegal trade.

257 e the lack of official statistics about this illegal trade.

258 e world, owing to hunting, habitat loss, and illegal transnational trade.

259 the threat to human security as a result of illegal transport and terrorist activities.

260 is under increasing threat from bushmeat and illegal trophy trades, and many argue that enforcement w

261 .013), speeding (81% vs 33%; P = .005), and illegal turns (62% vs 19%; P = .01).

262 impairment was the test most correlated with illegal turns (r = 0.6) and accidents (r = 0.44), althou

263 s follows: total driving errors = speeding + illegal turns + collisions.

264 Accidents and illegal turns were significantly correlated (P = 0.001,

265 Illegal turns were significantly higher in MHE+ (median

266 on a map in a "virtual city" (outcome being illegal turns).

267 on the other tests were also correlated with illegal turns.

268 inexpensive method of identifying legal and illegal types of ivory to aid in enforcement of ivory tr

269 ore complex as fish stocks are depleted; and illegal, unregulated, and unreported fishing becomes mor

270 Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing and se

271 Labor abuse on fishing vessels and illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing violat

272 nt global threat to sustainable fisheries is Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing, and t

273 Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing costs

274 Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing incur

275 While illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a

276 Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing threa

277 mic have allowed increased opportunities for illegal, unreported, and unregulated activities, particu

278 argest threat to sustainable fisheries (i.e. illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing) but will a

279 ymethamfetamine (MDMA), best known for their illegal use as psychedelic drugs, are showing promise as

280 for food safety monitoring, warding off its illegal use in livestock production, safeguarding public

281 rowth-promoting drugs with the potential for illegal use in livestock, and human toxicity has resulte

282 rongest for crimes involving violence or the illegal use of a firearm (83 to 95 percent) or substance

283 Surveillance of illegal use of growth promoters such as B(2)-agonists in

284 d has to be carefully monitored to avoid the illegal use of high amounts of this compound that could

285 longlining and commercial trade of sharks is illegal, were generally high (mean = 68.2% of time).

286 spite whaling regulation after World War II, illegal whaling continued for decades [3].

287 markets have management deficiencies (e.g., illegal wild animal sales), potentially indicating that

288 The illegal wildlife markets of Southeast Asia are bolstered

289 species that are common in the East African illegal wildlife products trade based on their unique hi

290 ool in understanding patterns of movement of illegal wildlife products.

291 oach offers new opportunities to disrupt the illegal wildlife trade and to guide anti-trafficking mea

292 Illegal wildlife trade has reached alarming levels globa

293 cation of key countries will help strategize illegal wildlife trade interventions.

294 m these seizures show that most ivory in the illegal wildlife trade is from animals from recent poach

295 As a major transnational enterprise, illegal wildlife trade is valued between eight and 26.5

296 Reducing the illegal wildlife trade requires an understanding of its

297 In the billion-dollar global illegal wildlife trade, rosewoods have been the world's

298 tool in future in situ efforts to combat the illegal wildlife trade.

299 y the key nodes (countries) that support the illegal wildlife trade.

300 in any international control program, and is illegal within the EU.