ライフサイエンスコーパス: impinge

1 help intervenes and where therapeutic agents impinge.

2 to an ion optical element upon which photons impinge.

3 Similar experiments performed by impinging a C (16)O beam on a Au(111) surface covered wi

4 without external electromagnetic action, by impinging a high-speed microjet of deionized water on a

5 a sigma of 4.17 mm for a 180 MeV proton beam impinging a water phantom.

6 conditions in biofilms are dependent on the impinging aqueous solution, chemical diffusion, and the

7 drites, the region forming synapses with the impinging axons of Schaffer collateral.

8 quite general for all anisotropic fluids and impinge broadly on their quantitative studies using lase

9 However, GSK3 and mTOR inhibition impinge differently and independently on TFEB phosphoryl

10 ed in regulating the homeostatic system also impinge directly on dopamine neurons; for example, lepti

11 Activation of Notch impinges directly on gene expression through the Suppres

12 ing energetics and diffusional domain motion impinges directly on the molecular recognition of cytoch

13 switches (PMPs) that selectively harvest the impinging electromagnetic energy in design-defined spect

14 A small fraction (>~0.1%) of impinging electrons are captured at the edge of 2D hole

15 to insulate facultative heterochromatin from impinging euchromatin to produce discrete positional ide

16 The impinging flow device provides a, to our knowledge, nove

17 We built an impinging flow device that exposes endothelial cells to

18 erpendicular to the active slip plane in the impinged grain.

19 The predominately fast neutrons generated by impinging high-energy electrons onto a tantalum converto

20 etry with hydrodynamic flow consisting of an impinging jet in a wall-tube configuration.

21 The impinging jet is designed in a wall-tube configuration,

22 le (energy barrier present) conditions in an impinging jet system.

23 been studied using EW-CRDS combined with an impinging-jet to deliver analyte to the surface in a wel

24 maging demonstrate that flow in the MJE, and impinging jets in general, are more complex than predict

25 ring" formed from an oil-rich layer of water impinging laterally upon the continental slope (at a dep

26 ices where active all-optical control of the impinging light can be achieved.

27 teract with the spin angular momentum of the impinging light field.

28 In traditional photoconductors, the impinging light generates mobile charge carriers in the

29 , thereby highlighting the flow field of the impinging microjet.

30 bus formation are not necessarily those that impinge most on the lumen of the vessel.

31 ity and angular distributions imply that all impinging Na atoms that thermally equilibrate on the sur

32 Both iron deficiency and overload impinge negatively on cardiac health.

33 These deuterons impinge on a beryllium converter to generate neutrons.

34 the particles enter the source region, they impinge on a cartridge heater and are vaporized.

35 rmal cells; however, the immune signals that impinge on actin cytoskeleton and its response regulator

36 al, and experience dependent information may impinge on action selection by the CeA.SIGNIFICANCE STAT

37 findings demonstrate that peripheral inputs impinge on an internally organized network, which provid

38 idative species are carried by the spray and impinge on and react with the sampled analyte during des

39 of action or the nature of the pathways they impinge on are poorly understood.

40 Thus, T reg cells primarily impinge on autoimmune diabetes by reining in destructive

41 segment is located distal to where dendrites impinge on axons and is the likely site of AP initiation

42 imicrobial peptides, cytokines and hormones) impinge on bacterial infections and regulate immune resp

43 lating function, glycan-protein interactions impinge on biological functions in a more 'analog' fashi

44 l need to be carefully evaluated as they may impinge on bone metabolism.

45 tion or behaviour, they can also interact to impinge on both processes.

46 stresses generated by the applied fluid flow impinge on cell contractility to drive the stem cell dif

47 iguingly, many of these functions ultimately impinge on cell fate decisions via apoptosis-dependent o

48 airway fungi, in particular Aspergillus may impinge on clinical phenotype in asthma.

49 ng identified host factors that functionally impinge on coronavirus proliferation, including Tom70, a

50 rs function in normal tissue homeostasis and impinge on critical aspects of disease progression and r

51 that they can be locally infiltrative and/or impinge on critical organs, which leads to disfigurement

52 er of cellular proteins that are expected to impinge on diverse biological processes.

53 imbalances in Neuregulin-ErbB signaling can impinge on dopaminergic and glutamatergic function, neur

54 light how independent signaling pathways can impinge on each other at the level of transcription fact

55 They determine supercurrents in superfluids, impinge on electrooptical switching in polymer-dispersed

56 pies, collectively termed endocrine therapy, impinge on estrogen-induced ERalpha activation to block

57 ack of precision of PC firing, that may also impinge on GC activity and requires expression of two du

58 current view of how mitochondrial functions impinge on health and disease.

59 ine how chronic inflammatory processes might impinge on hematopoiesis, potentially fostering hematopo

60 cyte interactions (phagocytic synapses) that impinge on host immunity, with a main emphasis on tolera

61 e expanding list of cell cycle proteins that impinge on immune regulation, these results support the

62 th special emphasis on how stress conditions impinge on insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling/

63 ontributions and their retinal circuits that impinge on ipRGCs are not well understood.

64 passively waiting for nociceptive stimuli to impinge on it but is actively making inferences based on

65 nce of excitatory and inhibitory inputs that impinge on it.

66 ther post-translational modifications of Bak impinge on its activation potential.

67 ve endocytosis of both types of particle may impinge on lipid as well as mineral debris clearance in

68 To investigate how prefrontal cortices impinge on medial temporal cortices we labeled pathways

69 lators in response to a host of factors that impinge on metabolism and would otherwise destabilize th

70 gnals from cancer-associated fibroblasts can impinge on mitochondria.

71 diversity of signals that have been shown to impinge on mTOR, we also speculate on other signal-trans

72 lth conditions and that social circumstances impinge on multiple aspects of aging.

73 tics for gas-phase O3, NO3, and OH when they impinge on organic surfaces.

74 alB depletion, suggesting that RalA and RalB impinge on overlapping transcriptional signaling pathway

75 activate a wide variety of brain areas that impinge on parasympathetic neurons innervating the menin

76 nd the fiscal and macroeconomic factors that impinge on pay policy for the public sector.

77 ough which alterations in diurnal activities impinge on peripheral circadian clocks (PCCs), and recip

78 The ability of UPF1 to impinge on premature termination, moreover, requires ATP

79 How signal transduction pathways impinge on proteins modulating P-body and stress granule

80 idea is that multiple sources of uncertainty impinge on reinforcement learning computations: uncertai

81 survival and cell migration that ultimately impinge on several hallmarks of cancer, including increa

82 er the pathways that control organ size also impinge on stem/progenitor cells.

83 g nervous system; however, how these factors impinge on surface molecules that control guidance decis

84 acid substitutions disrupting these contacts impinge on the ability of the intasome to engage nucleos

85 to investigate whether such linkage effects impinge on the ability of the McDonald-Kreitman (MK) tes

86 es that predicted human receptor binding and impinge on the antigenic characteristics of the HA.

87 Pathway terminals in the upper layers impinge on the apical dendrites of neurons in other laye

88 ation of a pinched liposomal funnel that may impinge on the apparently unperturbed viral envelope.

89 how the capsid-stabilizing functions of mu1 impinge on the capacity of mu1 to undergo conformational

90 y, we discuss mechanisms with the potency to impinge on the cellular organization of the CXCL12 syste

91 thesis, heat shock proteins and antioxidants impinge on the complexity of HTS-induced responses over

92 egration of numerous signaling pathways that impinge on the cytoskeleton.

93 peripheral tolerance mechanisms selectively impinge on the diabetogenic potential of high-affinity T

94 RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of molecules that impinge on the expression of protein-coding genes.

95 properties of locally produced WntD directly impinge on the global morphogen profile.

96 How specific TRCs impinge on the innervating nerves and how the activation

97 increasing numbers of positive PV anomalies impinge on the Kuroshio current, causing the mean curren

98 , and circadian clock cues are integrated to impinge on the level or signaling of hormones such as au

99 on of progenitor cell potential can directly impinge on the maintenance of homeostasis and contribute

100 The Hck SH2 domains impinge on the N-terminal region of Nef to stabilize a d

101 n levels can act at multiple sites and thus, impinge on the overall activity of a distributed network

102 However, how the mutations impinge on the p97-cofactor interplay is unclear so far.

103 es two antiapoptotic signaling pathways that impinge on the proapoptotic protein BAD.

104 hibitor of Src tyrosine kinases, was used to impinge on the proapoptotic signaling pathway activated

105 terestingly, Pho regulon expression does not impinge on the rate of attachment to a surface but rathe

106 upon virus infection and that these clusters impinge on the stimulatory capacity of the APC.

107 angled outwards so that the exhaust does not impinge on the surface.

108 ng that disruption of the Slug-Puma axis may impinge on the survival of metastatic cells.

109 ntal and physiological factors were shown to impinge on the transcription of the car biosynthetic gen

110 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) impinge on the translation and stability of their target

111 and angiogenic growth factor-induced signals impinge on the vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadheri

112 rief exposures to the patterned stimuli that impinge on them continuously throughout life.

113 ying enzymes and the signaling pathways that impinge on them in the settings of pathological cardiac

114 lth and homeostasis; injury or diseases that impinge on these components frequently cause pathologic

115 Natural and sexual selection impinge on these processes, yet our understanding of beh

116 induce haploid embryo development in culture impinge on this HDAC-dependent pathway.

117 However, the nature of the signals that impinge on this pathway and the role of Baf60c in glucos

118 ting autoantibodies, suggesting that UNG may impinge on tolerance.

119 I review how these signaling pathways impinge on transcriptional, metabolic, and developmental

120 d phospholipid metabolite profile that would impinge on tumor pathobiology.

121 hepatitis C virus (HCV) persistence and can impinge on vaccine development.

122 Activation of Aurora A can impinge on YAP activity through direct phosphorylation.

123 r with peak intensity of [Formula: see text] impinged on a 450 nm sheet of flowing liquid ethylene gl

124 orylation status at these two sites directly impinged on asymmetric segregation of Numb in mitotic ne

125 o7 counterpart, PCID1 (also known as EIF3M), impinged on caspase 9, revealing a new regulatory axis a

126 s resembling tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) impinged on lymphatic collecting vessels that enter and

127 dation of carbon monoxide, if a C (16)O beam impinges on a Au(111) surface covered with both atomic o

128 oworkers showed that when an ultrafast laser impinges on a ferromagnet, its spin moment undergoes a d

129 rojection neurons, whereas much of the input impinges on a heterogeneous population of interneurons i

130 echanism controlling MTSS1 expression, which impinges on a pro-tumorigenic role of MTSS1 in breast tu

131 novel mechanism in which a nuclear receptor impinges on a signaling pathway by co-opting protein kin

132 To investigate how ITIM receptor signaling impinges on activating pathways, we developed a photoche

133 eal (ER) and hot atom (HA) mechanisms when H impinges on adsorbed CO2, and we show that both occur ev

134 Circadian (approximately 24 h) control impinges on an array of diverse physiological processes

135 d minus-end spacing, is regulated and how it impinges on axonal transport are unclear.

136 e a tool to explore novel means whereby CREB impinges on brain functions requiring adaptive, long-las

137 en localized exclusively at the ER, Bcl-x(L) impinges on Ca(2+) homeostasis but does not affect apopt

138 In summary, chemotherapy further impinges on cancer-induced alterations, worsening muscle

139 ammalian CK counterpart, MYO7A, binds to and impinges on CASPASE-8, revealing a new regulatory axis a

140 nteractions at the ER with the InsP(3)R that impinges on cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis.

141 We conclude that cuticle, a specialized ECM, impinges on DBL-1/BMP expression and signaling.

142 dant monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid that impinges on different biological processes, but the mech

143 dimer partners of these specific factors and impinges on differentiation.

144 Elevated PM tension, upon TORC2 inhibition, impinges on endocytosis at two different levels by (1) s

145 that p27(kip1), by controlling MT stability, impinges on H-Ras trafficking and ubiquitination levels,

146 meliorates liver injury induced by Con A and impinges on hallmarks of NKT cell activation in the live

147 nalyses also demonstrate that MLL4 primarily impinges on hepatic BA production among several regulato

148 disease in chronically infected individuals, impinges on host apoptotic pathways in a cell type-depen

149 uned to higher frequencies when the stimulus impinges on large regions of the sensory epithelium.

150 ates the essentiality of RNA metabolism that impinges on metastatic breast cancer.

151 ) where a significant decline in cell height impinges on microtubule spindle function, thereby inhibi

152 at EGF signaling, acting through MAP kinase, impinges on multiple aspects of Ind regulatory activity.

153 We find that PAR-4/LKB1 impinges on myosin via two pathways, an anillin-dependen

154 trate that pathological PS1 loss-of-function impinges on neurite formation through a selective APP ga

155 e ATF4 dosage impacts cell cycle control and impinges on neurogenesis.

156 rons and nonneuronal cells, mutation of path impinges on nutrient responses and protein homeostasis s

157 n the OC-TME interactions, how the crosstalk impinges on OC aggression and chemoresistance are not we

158 The USP8.STAM complex critically impinges on receptor ubiquitination status and modulates

159 n ethylene and salicylic acid signaling that impinges on senescence and cell death.

160 the regulation of MT stability by p27(kip1) impinges on signaling pathway activation and contributes

161 ts via an A2B receptor-mediated pathway that impinges on specific potassium channel effectors.

162 In response, AMPK impinges on the autophagy regulators Unc-51-like kinase-

163 that TSC1-mediated control of mTOR activity impinges on the balance between immunity and tolerance b

164 reveals that the branched side-chain of L10 impinges on the benzene ring of Y11 so as to constrict i

165 where material from subducting oceanic slabs impinges on the core-mantle boundary, using shallow as w

166 How experience impinges on the developing neural circuits of behavior i

167 ranch of the integrated stress response that impinges on the early secretory pathway.

168 nction studies have demonstrated that PTPN22 impinges on the homeostatic behavior of regulatory T (Tr

169 may be driven by increased inflammation that impinges on the IR and IRS-1 signaling cascade in skelet

170 ional important regulatory modification that impinges on the mechanisms underlying mTORC1-dependent S

171 recise context of the primary response, also impinges on the molecular mechanisms that regulate CD8(+

172 e subarachnoid space within the orbit, which impinges on the optic nerve and/or eye in affected indiv

173 The sample air impinges on the plate via an entrance nozzle.

174 are obtained when circularly polarized light impinges on the reflective-type metasurface positioned o

175 in calcium to the production of cAMP, which impinges on the regulation of many aspects of neuronal f

176 ociated noncanonical Notch signaling pathway impinges on the RQC machinery to restrain poly(GR) accum

177 However, the mechanism by which Six1 impinges on the TGF-beta pathway was, until now, unclear

178 ue growth through a core kinase cascade that impinges on the transcription of growth-regulatory genes

179 ternally through a phosphorelay circuit that impinges on the transcription of multiple small regulato

180 Photosignaling also impinges on the transcriptional regulation response esta

181 tegrin-based adhesions in melanocytes, which impinges on their ability to migrate.

182 Aspirin impinges on these systems, triggering formation of the e

183 Mechanistically, we show that ERK5 impinges on transcription factor NFATc4.

184 Two identical bosons impinging on a beam splitter (of transmittance 1/2) cann

185 In studies of gas-phase H atoms impinging on a CO-adsorbed Ni(110) surface, Born-Oppenhe

186 n influence cell differentiation status when impinging on a key node in the regulatory network that g

187 from ultrasound passing through a liquid and impinging on a liquid-gas interface) is the basis for ul

188 amework for antiangiogenesis signaling, thus impinging on a myriad of pathological conditions that ar

189 to the bidirectional ability of all synapses impinging on a neuron to actively compensate for changes

190 ally refracted P-wave, arising from a P-wave impinging on an interface between two VTI media with str

191 4A, ANKLE2, VRK1, and LLGL1 define a pathway impinging on asymmetric determinants of neural stem cell

192 trinsic and extrinsic pathological stressors impinging on cellular viability.

193 line in the extent of oxygen-depleted waters impinging on continental shelves and platforms.

194 Here we show that a drop impinging on Echevaria leaves exhibits asymmetric bounci

195 es by performing FM4-64 imaging in terminals impinging on enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-l

196 s, including ErbB and FGF signaling pathways impinging on fMaSC growth.

197 (NRP2) controls EGFR protein levels, thereby impinging on intracellular signaling, viability, and res

198 of electrons generated by one UV laser pulse impinging on multiple, spatially distinct, cathode surfa

199 tified key signaling pathways, with examples impinging on MYC activity.

200 lusive manner documenting that enhancer hubs impinging on MYC detected in large cell populations like

201 coordinated expression of a cluster of genes impinging on neuronal activity, providing a tool for stu

202 pattern modulated the size of unitary EPSPs impinging on NGFCs through FSI and not via a direct effe

203 d pericytes as modulating signaling networks impinging on Notch signaling and specification of the Ti

204 y wave-steering capability for incident wave impinging on one side, while virtually blocking the reve

205 om proliferation to differentiation, thereby impinging on postembryonic growth capacity of the root m

206 by activating all dopamine neuron terminals impinging on recorded neurons with wide-field photostimu

207 Retinal spikes impinging on relay neurons in the lateral geniculate nuc

208 strengthening from blockage of dislocations impinging on TBs, coupled with the 3D twin network which

209 ly expand our knowledge of regulatory inputs impinging on the Abca1 promoter and indicate a central r

210 on of the myosin light chain kinase, thereby impinging on the actomyosin contractility required to ge

211 local heating of the electronic distribution impinging on the ballistic junction.

212 tions during a rare isolated fast plasma jet impinging on the boundary, here we show that the resulti

213 hould only carry crystal momentum and, while impinging on the cluster, should not be able to impress

214 I isolate at least two environmental factors impinging on the consumer organism that may determine wh

215 zone of euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) waters impinging on the continental shelf and sandwiched within

216 ade of approximately 10(6) electrons per ion impinging on the conversion dynode.

217 Moreover, the area with active displacements impinging on the dam site has continuously increased in

218 fluxes across the cytoplasmic membrane, thus impinging on the degree of cellular hydration, molecular

219 vant inputs from among thousands of synapses impinging on the dendritic tree.

220 thereby preventing neutral contaminants from impinging on the deposition surface.

221 ed by liquid emerging from a circular nozzle impinging on the disk under wall-jet conditions.

222 gets to prevent the disease without directly impinging on the host defense.

223 rigger a cascade of neurotoxicity critically impinging on the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton.

224 verall, these studies showed that activities impinging on the LBD regulate GR exchange with GREs but

225 patient to learn associations between events impinging on the limb and arbitrary sensations.

226 On impinging on the lithosphere at spreading ridges or in i

227 ins as novel and positive HSPC regulators by impinging on the LNK/JAK2 pathway.

228 The negative regulatory mechanisms impinging on the N-terminal domain are poorly understood

229 new flagellum so that it can extend without impinging on the old flagellum.

230 he saccade/fixation cycle reformats the flow impinging on the retina in a way that initiates coarse-t

231 to reduce the kinetic energy of the Au atoms impinging on the surface (buffer layer assisted growth o

232 tes the outcome of TBI in mouse, by directly impinging on the toxic pathway activated in response to

233 icted clearly demarcated subcortical lesions impinging on the white matter tracts of interest; howeve

234 known about the upstream signaling pathways impinging on transcription to ultimately regulate ABA co

235 inflammation brought on by ER stress without impinging on UPR-dependent survival and adaptive respons

236 arborizations of L3 cells, individual inputs impinged onto distinct single domains.

237 ence-dependent reorganization of connections impinging onto adult-born neurons, which is likely to ha

238 el vocal production mechanism: a glottal jet impinging onto the laryngeal inner planar wall.

239 s incessantly modulate the luminance signals impinging onto the retina during natural intersaccadic f

240 on, can be controlled by the polarization of impinging optical signals, realizing the notion of 'ster

241 At steady state, over one-quarter of impinging oxygen molecules undergo dissociative adsorpti

242 is the pressure generated by the momentum of impinging photons.

243 trated that increased GABA synaptic activity impinges principally on indirect pathway MSNs.

244 ting in efficient induction of apoptosis and impinged proliferation.

245 pproximately 15,000 elementary visual inputs impinging retinotopically onto the LGMD's dendritic fan

246 audible frequencies, which fully absorbs the impinging signal, without at the same time perturbing it

247 network that amplifies small changes in the impinging signals and emerges automatically from learnin

248 y modifying the direction or polarization of impinging signals.

249 first steps of photosynthesis, the energy of impinging solar photons is transformed into electronic e

250 ences in the timing (ITD) and level (ILD) of impinging sounds carry critical information about source

251 18)F-FDG-avid lesions not only were found in impinged spinal nerves but also were associated with non

252 Additionally, SAPP was able to impinge the ability of P. gingivalis to dysregulate inna

253 mutations in four conserved assembly factors impinging the biogenesis of the mitochondrion-encoded ca

254 ntion in the gastric tissues, by pushing and impinging the front-end cargo segment onto the stomach w

255 he epithelial-mesenchymal transition program impinge their biological functions during tumor metastas

256 ls, we discover that MAPK pathway inhibition impinges uniquely on this event, indicating distinct sus

257 nhibit store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) to impinge upon airway secretions, leaving females at great

258 impact lung and cardiovascular disease also impinge upon CNS health.

259 he mechanisms by which environmental signals impinge upon microtubule organization and whether microt

260 te sensing activates signaling pathways that impinge upon molecular, metabolic, physiological, and de

261 Many of these functions impinge upon oncology by influencing the efficacy and to

262 ctivated by extrinsic mitogenic signals that impinge upon p27 at the earliest stage of cell division.

263 n local brain regions suggests that they may impinge upon physiological and pathological elements tha

264 elated metabolic abnormalities are likely to impinge upon SIRT1 functioning.

265 that genetic and environmental risk factors impinge upon systems-level circuits for several core dim

266 ur findings further suggest that agents that impinge upon TCR signaling may represent an effective th

267 nt huntingtin with multiple opportunities to impinge upon the broader machinery that orchestrates dev

268 ation, and spine deformation that ultimately impinge upon the paired signal output domains.

269 ely little known about how metabolic factors impinge upon the pathogen's well-characterized cascade o

270 it antigen availability, which could in turn impinge upon the priming of the adaptive immune system.

271 These differences impinge upon the quantity of peptide products rather tha

272 road spectrum of environmental energies that impinge upon the skin has rested on inference and conjec

273 omplex 1 pathway and on how various stresses impinge upon them.

274 d seeks to understand the perturbations that impinge upon those systems, either driving greater healt

275 k induces multiple cellular alterations that impinge upon transport efficiency.

276 how host, commensal, and cellular metabolism impinge upon Treg homeostasis and function.

277 ta signaling and its downstream effects that impinge upon tumor growth in ovarian cancers.

278 annular stimuli that encircled--but did not impinge upon--the RFs of the recorded cells.

279 ase in which maxillary central incisors were impinged upon by a broad aberrant frenum, probed </=3 mm

280 Solid tumor metastasis is a complex biology, impinged upon by a variety of dysregulated signaling pat

281 Multiple targets in this pathway are already impinged upon by molecules that have been through clinic

282 ized neuronal population within the PVH that impinges upon multiple circuits to govern appetite.

283 Therefore, in T cells, Akt impinges upon NF-kappaB signaling through at least two s

284 nsistent manner, and that this inconsistency impinges upon the ability to relate phonology and orthog

285 These data suggest that Dop impinges upon the initiation of furrow formation through

286 means that when a relevant sensory stimulus impinges upon the system, it will encounter preestablish

287 This pathway impinges upon various organ primordia to instruct their

288 cortical and thalamic glutamatergic signals impinging upon principal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of

289 CB(1) receptors in inhibitory-type terminals impinging upon principal neurons within layer V of the p

290 Environmental oscillations impinging upon the ear are generally thought to be proce

291 o be processed independently of oscillations impinging upon the skin.

292 man standard- and immuno-proteasomes thereby impinging upon total degradation rate and substrate clea

293 urotransmission blockade in vitro as well as impinging vibrissal sensory drive in vivo.

294 An impinging warm anticyclonic eddy in July 2007 may have c

295 We show that spreading of an impinged water droplet on the device bridges the origina

296 e we develop a device to harvest energy from impinging water droplets by using an architecture that c

297 terials promote dropwise condensation, repel impinging water droplets, and sustain hydrophobicity eve

298 ration, or convolution) on the profile of an impinging wave as it propagates through these blocks.

299 dwidths or have disregarded the phase of the impinging wave or worked only along specific directions.

300 a wide range of opportunities to tailor the impinging wavefront.