ライフサイエンスコーパス: inactivating mutation

1 tus cells and rapidly reverted catalytically inactivating mutations.

2 ity of human lung cancer cells bearing KMT2D-inactivating mutations.

3 ng axis in colon cancer cells harboring MLK4-inactivating mutations.

4 educed plasma triglyceride levels) and other inactivating mutations.

5 ne-third of its protein-coding genes contain inactivating mutations.

6 n lead to the emergence and expansion of p53-inactivating mutations.

7 a and found spontaneous development of Trp53 inactivating mutations.

8 crocephaly comparable to that of humans with inactivating mutations.

9 re retrotranspositionally-incompetent due to inactivating mutations.

10 r frequencies in this unbiased comparison of inactivating mutations.

11 ps were similarly altered despite the fusion-inactivating mutations.

12 emic livers were generated by aneuploidy and inactivating mutations.

13 ysis used to identify additional potentially inactivating mutations.

14 to treat the NSCLCs harbouring SMARCA4/BRG1-inactivating mutations.

15 ut obvious oncogenic function including BRAF-inactivating mutations.

16 f dC to dU, leading to accumulation of virus-inactivating mutations.

17 r VHL suppression in tumors that do not have inactivating mutations.

18 families) were documented to share biallelic inactivating mutations affecting the NKX6-2 homeobox dom

19 Carriers of other inactivating mutations also had lower triglyceride level

20 ls was associated with both reversion of the inactivating mutation and a variant with a compensating

21 d the association between the presence of an inactivating mutation and both plasma lipid levels and t

22 ion of human adrenal cells bearing a PRKAR1A-inactivating mutation and Prkar1a(+/-) mouse embryonic f

23 reports from Score et al and Kroeze et al of inactivating mutations and chromosome loss in SUZ12, EED

24 l carcinoma (LUSC) that is enriched for both inactivating mutations and deletions in NSD1.

25 this study, we report the identification of inactivating mutations and deletions in the X-linked pla

26 These data suggest that inactivating mutations and functional variants within ST

27 cancer that harbors fumarate hydratase (FH)-inactivating mutations and has elevated ROS levels.

28 Consistent with this, both FBXW7-inactivating mutations and MDM2 upregulation were found

29 itive behaviors observed in humans with Pten inactivating mutations and potentially other autism spec

30 Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-inactivating mutations and/or deletions are an independe

31 49 (24%) fludarabine-refractory CLL cases by inactivating mutations and/or gene deletions that distri

32 sequencing, we identified 15 distinct NPC1L1 inactivating mutations; approximately 1 in every 650 per

33 In lung cancer, inactivating mutations are found in 10 to 50% of cases,

34 is also a tumor suppressor, and homozygous, inactivating mutations are found in a wide range of huma

35 Major-effect inactivating mutations are frequent, but many were inher

36 adenocarcinoma in vivo, indicating that BRAF-inactivating mutations are initiating events in lung onc

37 CRC cells containing FBW7-inactivating mutations are insensitive to clinically use

38 We identify that ARID1A inactivating mutations are present at a high frequency i

39 ncrease type 2 diabetes risk in humans, rare inactivating mutations are protective.

40 e-nucleotide polymorphisms and four proposed inactivating mutations associated to Fanconi-Bickel synd

41 iers of inherited heterozygous germline BAP1-inactivating mutations (BAP1(+/-)) developed one and oft

42 The inactivating mutations become 'swapped out' in the dimer

43 Correction of PfEBA165 inactivating mutations by genome editing yields viable p

44 enzyme to the same degree as a catalytically inactivating mutation (C9A).

45 Genetic reversion of BRCA1-inactivating mutations can be the underlying mechanism o

46 Out of 25 inactivating mutations carried by the F(3) fish, one in

47 patients with coronary heart disease had an inactivating mutation (carrier frequency, 0.04%) in cont

48 Inactivating mutations cause rhabdomyolysis, autoinflamm

49 Multiple recurrent TET2-inactivating mutations derived from leukemia target eith

50 nteractions with a coactivator, MED12, or by inactivating mutations directly in GATA4 coactivators, i

51 Human carriers of a rare MYSM1-inactivating mutation display similar lymphopoietic defi

52 PAPPA syndrome is caused by homozygous TBX4 inactivating mutations during embryogenesis in humans.

53 The high frequency of multiple inactivating mutations during experimental evolution sim

54 by alternative splicing, are the targets of inactivating mutation events in breast, liver, and head

55 Mice targeted with a kinase-inactivating mutation (Fer(DR/DR)) or wild type (WT) wer

56 Heterozygous carriers of NPC1L1 inactivating mutations had a mean LDL cholesterol level

57 st-ovarian cancer families compared with one inactivating mutation identified in 1,060 controls (P =

58 nary basis for the genetic stability of ExoN-inactivating mutations, illuminate complex functional an

59 ing positional cloning we have identified an inactivating mutation in alk6b, a type IB bone morphogen

60 all tested P. falciparum isolates contain an inactivating mutation in an erythrocyte invasion associa

61 s low, and plasma from an individual with an inactivating mutation in BCHE still effectively hydrolyz

62 The patient's mother was heterozygous for an inactivating mutation in CD45 but the paternal alleles e

63 Its inactivating mutation in chronic proliferative dermatiti

64 is of the grechetto mutant, which harbors an inactivating mutation in cleavage and polyadenylation sp

65 S. aureus with an inactivating mutation in clumping factor A (clfA) showed

66 e emission in C. orientalis is not due to an inactivating mutation in CNL1.

67 Sperm from mice targeted with a kinase-inactivating mutation in Fer failed to undergo capacitat

68 We describe an inactivating mutation in KISS1 in a large consanguineous

69 a Mycobacterium smegmatis strain carrying an inactivating mutation in LigD POL failed to reveal a rol

70 Unexpectedly an inactivating mutation in PDZ1 (Tyr(20) --> Ala) only par

71 In contrast, embryos expressing an inactivating mutation in pkd2, one of two autosomal domi

72 Most contain a biallelic inactivating mutation in SMARCB1, which is part of the c

73 ome (LDS) that carries a heterozygous kinase-inactivating mutation in TGF-beta receptor I, we found t

74 nable to produce endogenous Neu5Gc due to an inactivating mutation in the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (CMA

75 genes (GAS) strain, AP53, contains a natural inactivating mutation in the covS gene (covS(M)) of the

76 Transgenic mice harboring an inactivating mutation in the EYA3 tyrosine phosphatase d

77 The patient has an inactivating mutation in the gene encoding dipeptidyl pe

78 In this study, we show that mice with an inactivating mutation in the intramembrane protease sign

79 oprotein, BRAF(V600E), into mice carrying an inactivating mutation in the Mc1r gene (these mice have

80 ial characterization of mice with a targeted inactivating mutation in the p110delta subunit of phosph

81 ort that a pili-deficient mutant carrying an inactivating mutation in the pilus assembly motor PilB h

82 These AP53 cells contain an inactivating mutation in the sensor component of the clu

83 However, since the initial report of an inactivating mutation in the TCA cycle enzyme complex, s

84 istance was also lost, but by a compensatory inactivating mutation in the transcriptional regulator o

85 It is caused by an inactivating mutation in tumor suppressor genes coding t

86 ld be made from luxoid mice, which harbor an inactivating mutation in Zbtb16.

87 rtery disease and the E40K variant and other inactivating mutations in 10,552 participants with coron

88 y was supported by the identification of T6S-inactivating mutations in a genome-wide screen for resis

89 FA cells have inactivating mutations in a signaling pathway that is cr

90 three TET genes, TET2 recurrently undergoes inactivating mutations in a wide range of myeloid and ly

91 after the acquisition of two independent EDP-inactivating mutations in all classical zoonotic species

92 Carriers of E40K and other inactivating mutations in ANGPTL4 had lower levels of tr

93 75 participants who had 13 other monoallelic inactivating mutations in ANGPTL4.

94 Inactivating mutations in ANK3/unc-44 reverse this effec

95 man recessive genetic disease resulting from inactivating mutations in any of 16 FANC (Fanconi) genes

96 These results suggest why inactivating mutations in any of the three human genes l

97 sed sequencing effort that uncovered somatic inactivating mutations in BAP1 in 23% of MPMs.

98 Inactivating mutations in BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BA

99 port the identification of recurrent protein-inactivating mutations in CDKN1A and FAT1.

100 Because inactivating mutations in ClC-Kb/K2 cause Bartter syndro

101 Detection of RlmN inactivating mutations in clinical resistance isolates s

102 s increased in isogenic cell lines harboring inactivating mutations in diverse elements of the IFN si

103 Inherited inactivating mutations in DNA MMR genes are causative fo

104 e ARD1 protein (KO-WT), or ARD1 protein with inactivating mutations in E3 ligase domain (KO-E3), or c

105 nd cap homeostasis is inhibited by Nck1 with inactivating mutations in each of these domains.

106 Inactivating mutations in Eda or Edar cause hypohidrotic

107 MRAP-MRAP-MC2-receptor fusion proteins with inactivating mutations in either MRAP or the receptor wa

108 ant tumor-suppressor gene syndrome caused by inactivating mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2, and the T

109 esults from the generation of various kinase-inactivating mutations in either yeast or human cells ar

110 Inactivating mutations in epidermodysplasia verruciformi

111 hoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is caused by inactivating mutations in FAS or FASL, with autoantibodi

112 egulated cyclin D1 drives tumorigenesis, and inactivating mutations in Fbx4 have been identified in h

113 me human diffuse large B-cell lymphomas have inactivating mutations in FBXO10 or express FBXO10 at lo

114 CREBBP is targeted by inactivating mutations in follicular lymphoma (FL) and d

115 In this genetic study, we ask whether inactivating mutations in further genes of the HR pathwa

116 We report de novo heterozygous inactivating mutations in GATA6 in 15/27 (56%) individua

117 In cancer cells with inactivating mutations in GATOR1, mTORC1 is hyperactive

118 Inactivating mutations in genes encoding cohesin subunit

119 rs has been the unexpected discovery of many inactivating mutations in genes that control the epigeno

120 n be assigned to molecular subtypes based on inactivating mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A,

121 n be assigned to molecular subtypes based on inactivating mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A,

122 Inactivating mutations in histone methyltransferase enha

123 Inactivating mutations in human IL-2Rgammac result in SC

124 Our mouse data suggest that inactivating mutations in human P4HA2 are not likely to

125 roximal promoter region of ERalpha gene, and inactivating mutations in its HAT domain abolished its a

126 In humans, inactivating mutations in KIF11 are associated with (1)

127 a connective tissue disease associated with inactivating mutations in lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2/PLOD2

128 The KLHL14 gene acquires frequent inactivating mutations in mature B cell malignancies, es

129 g ketolytic defects yielded seven additional inactivating mutations in MCT1, both homozygous and hete

130 in remodeling: 44% of the tumors had somatic inactivating mutations in MEN1, which encodes menin, a c

131 ases with a mutator phenotype that harboured inactivating mutations in mismatch repair genes.

132 o single activating mutations and double-hit inactivating mutations in mTOR pathway genes, severe for

133 cholangiocarcinomas, we discovered frequent inactivating mutations in multiple chromatin-remodeling

134 For instance, many inactivating mutations in multiple G-protein (particular

135 In patients with inactivating mutations in myosin Vb (Myo5B), enterocytes

136 We report on the identification of biallelic inactivating mutations in NKX6-2, a gene encoding a tran

137 Finally, we observed inactivating mutations in NOTCH family genes in 25% of h

138 microtubule-severing activity resulting from inactivating mutations in one SPAST allele is the most p

139 ers, with more than 50% of cancers harboring inactivating mutations in p53 itself.

140 While inactivating mutations in PHF6 are commonly observed in

141 lycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by inactivating mutations in PKD1 (85%) or PKD2 (15%).

142 Although inactivating mutations in PRC2-encoding genes EZH2, EED,

143 Both activating and inactivating mutations in protein tyrosine phosphatase P

144 as to why both enzymatically activating and inactivating mutations in PTPN11 result in human develop

145 Recently, heterozygous inactivating mutations in PTPN11 were found in metachond

146 adism, ataxia, and dementia can be caused by inactivating mutations in RNF216 or by the combination o

147 The preponderance of inactivating mutations in RNF43 unequivocally establish

148 electively in sensory and autonomic neurons; inactivating mutations in SCN9A, which encodes Nav1.7, r

149 Inactivating mutations in SMARCA4 (BRG1), a key SWI/SNF

150 SCCOHT tumors have inactivating mutations in SMARCA4 (BRG1), one of the two

151 ss B7-H3/CD276 that does not result from the inactivating mutations in SMARCB1 (refs.

152 Recently, we described that homozygosity for inactivating mutations in SMIM1 defines the rare Vel-neg

153 The occurrence of inactivating mutations in SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling g

154 Here, we report the presence of CD45 inactivating mutations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leu

155 Biallelic inactivating mutations in TBCK (TBC1-domain-containing k

156 EMP3), as a candidate gene, then demonstrate inactivating mutations in ten known MAM-negative individ

157 zation disorders, is caused in most cases by inactivating mutations in the ABCC6 gene.

158 It is caused by inactivating mutations in the Adenomatous polyposis coli

159 Inactivating mutations in the ALK1 gene cause hereditary

160 Inactivating mutations in the Armadillo repeat-containin

161 autosomal-dominant disease arising from rare inactivating mutations in the CASR gene.

162 Although inactivating mutations in the CLN1 gene encoding palmito

163 Inactivating mutations in the copper transporter Atp7b r

164 apreomycin sensitivity and identification of inactivating mutations in the corresponding Mtb gene tly

165 -onset, progressive dementia associated with inactivating mutations in the CSF-1R highlights the impo

166 lity to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) caused by inactivating mutations in the folliculin (FLCN) gene.

167 Inactivating mutations in the Forkhead Box transcription

168 Inactivating mutations in the GALT-II gene (B3GALT6) ass

169 We have identified inactivating mutations in the gene BCKDK (Branched Chain

170 PXE is caused by inactivating mutations in the gene encoding ATP-binding

171 form of congenital diarrhea that arises from inactivating mutations in the gene encoding myosin Vb (M

172 insulinism of infancy (CHI) can be caused by inactivating mutations in the gene encoding short-chain

173 Inactivating mutations in the genes encoding the human k

174 Inactivating mutations in the genes encoding the TGFbeta

175 TSC is caused by inactivating mutations in the genes encoding TSC1/2, neg

176 Recent reports indicate that inactivating mutations in the histone methyltransferase

177 E322K substitutions in the MAPK1 gene (8%), inactivating mutations in the HLA-B gene (9%), and mutat

178 omes of 7,651 diverse human cancers and find inactivating mutations in the homeodomain transcription

179 Inactivating mutations in the insulin receptor results i

180 Analysis of tumor exomes with biallelic inactivating mutations in the investigated genes confirm

181 nts with congenital hyperinsulinism owing to inactivating mutations in the K(ATP) channel (K(ATP)HI)

182 widely used HCT116 cancer cell line contains inactivating mutations in the MLL3 gene.

183 villus inclusion disease (MVID) is caused by inactivating mutations in the myosin VB gene (MYO5B).

184 ibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 3 and inactivating mutations in the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase both

185 r this aberrant serology was the presence of inactivating mutations in the O-acetyltransferase gene w

186 It is caused by inactivating mutations in the palmitoyl-protein thioeste

187 atemia (XLH) is a skeletal disease caused by inactivating mutations in the PHEX gene.

188 all cases of LS are caused by catalytically inactivating mutations in the protein tyrosine phosphata

189 Here we describe 11 different inactivating mutations in the REST gene (encoding RE1-si

190 Inactivating mutations in the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S

191 Inactivating mutations in the Staphylococcus aureus viru

192 We identified germline and somatic inactivating mutations in the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeli

193 Combining inactivating mutations in the three subgenomes of hexapl

194 Inactivating mutations in the thyroid hormone (TH) trans

195 Close to half of all solid tumors carry inactivating mutations in the TP53 gene, while in the re

196 Inactivating mutations in the transcriptional repression

197 ructive neoplasm of the lung associated with inactivating mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppres

198 It is frequently caused by inactivating mutations in the TSC2 tumor-suppressor gene

199 Inactivating mutations in the ubiquitin (Ub) editing pro

200 abnormalities exhibited by patients bearing inactivating mutations in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome p

201 physiology is strengthened by the rarity of inactivating mutations in their genes and by the devasta

202 subfunctionalized by acquiring complementary inactivating mutations in these interaction domains.

203 Inactivating mutations in this conserved region or in p1

204 Inactivating mutations in this enzyme lead to chronic gr

205 Inactivating mutations in TMPRSS6 lead to elevated hepci

206 In contrast, virus-negative MCC contains inactivating mutations in TP53 and RB1.

207 apamycin inhibitor rapamycin, and cells with inactivating mutations in TP53 were sensitive to the Aur

208 Individuals homozygous for inactivating mutations in TREM2 exhibit demyelination of

209 Inactivating mutations in TRNT1 have been previously sho

210 LCCLs with inactivating mutations in TSC1 and TSC2 were sensitive t

211 Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) are caused by inactivating mutations in TSC1 or TSC2, leading to mTORC

212 fatal cystic lung disease due to bi-allelic inactivating mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex (TS

213 disease associated with germline or somatic inactivating mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex gen

214 utations in growth-controlling oncogenes and inactivating mutations in tumor-suppressor genes.

215 Tumor suppressors are mostly defined by inactivating mutations in tumors, yet little is known ab

216 d from patients with cCSNB identified GPR179-inactivating mutations in two patients.

217 KOS is caused by inactivating mutations in UBE3B, but the underlying biol

218 nction of UL12, we introduced an exonuclease-inactivating mutation into the viral genome.

219 xyeth yl)-4-methoxybenzenesulphonamide)] and inactivating mutations (K42M, A302R, and T305/T306D) imp

220 Heterozygous Gsalpha-inactivating mutations lead to obesity in Albright hered

221 toxicity caused by ART and individuals with inactivating mutations may be predisposed to these effec

222 We identified inactivating mutations (murA, ndhC, and a hypothetical m

223 of bladder tumours and cell lines, we found inactivating mutations (nonsense, frameshift and splicin

224 We identified carriers of inactivating mutations (nonsense, splice-site, or frames

225 PrxII deletion in mice with inactivating mutation of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC

226 ss this, we have used male mice harboring an inactivating mutation of mitogen- and stress-activated p

227 y IL-18, but not IL-1beta, resulting from an inactivating mutation of the actin-depolymerizing cofact

228 Mechanistic analyses demonstrate that inactivating mutation of the catalytic site of SULF1 imp

229 H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice, which have a natural inactivating mutation of TLR4, revealed that Ang4 expres

230 several gastrointestinal malignancies due to inactivating mutations of adenomatous polyposis coli (in

231 Somatic inactivating mutations of ARID1A, a SWI/SNF chromatin re

232 al affected individuals, we discovered novel inactivating mutations of ARID2 in four major subtypes o

233 plasia appear to be genetic, most often with inactivating mutations of ARMC5, a putative tumor-suppre

234 Germline-inactivating mutations of BAP1 predispose to mesotheliom

235 Inactivating mutations of BIR1 in the bir1-1 mutant caus

236 ns lacking caveolae due to gene knock-out or inactivating mutations of cavin-1/PTRF have numerous pat

237 Given the previous reports of inactivating mutations of DNMT3A in acute myelogenous le

238 lates cell size and growth, is observed with inactivating mutations of either of the tuberous scleros

239 of ISG15 described in mice, humans born with inactivating mutations of ISG15 do not present with any

240 metastases and as neither gene deletions nor inactivating mutations of PPM1A have been described, inc

241 Inactivating mutations of PRDM1 have been previously ide

242 Here we show that postzygotic inactivating mutations of RHOA cause a neuroectodermal s

243 rikingly, all LGK974-sensitive lines carried inactivating mutations of RNF43.

244 Inactivating mutations of STAG2 have been reported at lo

245 umor types were found to harbor deletions or inactivating mutations of STAG2, a gene encoding a subun

246 Colon cancers frequently bear inactivating mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli

247 ulin secretion most commonly associated with inactivating mutations of the beta-cell ATP-sensitive K(

248 Misexpression or inactivating mutations of the BMP receptor gene can lead

249 Inactivating mutations of the BMPRII gene, which encodes

250 Inactivating mutations of the catalytic component of PRC

251 ied mutations in EZH2, ARID1A, and recurrent inactivating mutations of the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1

252 Here we report hemizygous or homozygous inactivating mutations of the chromosome 14q MAX gene in

253 Inactivating mutations of the CREBBP and EP300 acetyltra

254 Deletions or inactivating mutations of the cystinosin gene CTNS lead

255 Inactivating mutations of the endopeptidase PHEX or the

256 Inactivating mutations of the gene encoding the tricarbo

257 migratory erythema), while in subjects with inactivating mutations of the glucagon receptor, pancrea

258 Most notably, inactivating mutations of the histone-lysine N-methyltra

259 candidate cancer-associated genes, including inactivating mutations of the metalloproteinase ADAMTS12

260 Inactivating mutations of the NF-kappaB essential modula

261 ocortical disease (PPNAD) is associated with inactivating mutations of the PRKAR1A tumor suppressor g

262 Inactivating mutations of the RASA1 gene are the cause o

263 Combined germline and somatic second hit inactivating mutations of the RASA1 gene, which encodes

264 el (LV) disorder that is caused by inherited inactivating mutations of the RASA1 gene, which encodes

265 ough one copy of CHD5 is deleted frequently, inactivating mutations of the remaining allele are rare.

266 come from the study of humans and mice with inactivating mutations of the sclerostin gene that both

267 Inactivating mutations of the SOST (sclerostin) gene are

268 Inactivating mutations of the Ten-Eleven Translocation 2

269 child with severe BMF who harbored biallelic inactivating mutations of the translesion DNA synthesis

270 Inactivating mutations of the TSC1/TSC2 complex (TSC1/2)

271 Because inactivating mutations of these genes are common in huma

272 As somatic rather than germline inactivating mutations of TP53 are typically associated

273 ly by activating mutations of FGFRs 1-3, and inactivating mutations of TWIST1.

274 nd that phenocopies the effects of a Bdf1 BD-inactivating mutation on C. albicans viability.

275 tiparallel MRAP molecules and then introduce inactivating mutations on one side of the membrane or th

276 wherein two variant Envs harboring different inactivating mutations (one in gp120, the other in gp41)

277 hosphatidylinositol [GPI] biosynthesis) have inactivating mutations, one in the germ line and one som

278 wnstream validation study confirmed frequent inactivating mutations or protein deficiency of ARID1A,

279 of vacuoles with diagnostic distributions of inactivating mutations over the two fusion partners conf

280 In addition, we genotyped a specific inactivating mutation (p.Arg406X) in 22,590 patients wit

281 An inactivating mutation (R258Q) in the Sac inositol phosph

282 Notably, this inactivating mutation reduced the probability of reacqui

283 ugh half of cutaneous human SCCs display p53-inactivating mutations, restoring p53/TACE activity in m

284 ry showed that in the majority of cases with inactivating mutations, STAG2 protein expression was abs

285 gene in HRS cells, with 7 of 10 cases having inactivating mutations that lead to loss of major histoc

286 at overexpress cyclin D1, Fbx4 is subject to inactivating mutations that specifically disrupt dimeriz

287 and negative areas from one tumour showed an inactivating mutation to be present only in the negative

288 Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to make inactivating mutations to the NLS on the Il1a gene.

289 Moreover, CDK12-inactivating mutations together with the TD-plus phenoty

290 Inactivating mutation was associated with low tumour sta

291 uently altered genes, mutated exclusively by inactivating mutation, was LYST (10%), which may represe

292 Furthermore, STK11/LKB1-inactivating mutations were associated with reduced expr

293 The most common inactivating mutation with a global allele frequency of

294 h RNA sequence downstream of the PTC and the inactivating mutation within the active site of UPF1.

295 nt multiple distinct and spatially separated inactivating mutations within a single tumor, suggesting

296 Inactivating mutations within adenomatous polyposis coli

297 solates were discovered to contain identical inactivating mutations within genes encoding two regulat

298 all extant bird orders and recovered shared, inactivating mutations within genes expressed in both th

299 Catalytic-inactivating mutations within the Drosophila enhancer H3

300 isolates uniformly cannot use indole due to inactivating mutations within tryptophan synthase, indic