ライフサイエンスコーパス: indirect

1 he evidence to support this is predominantly indirect.

2 xpressed, indicating that these effects were indirect.

3 However, to date, the evidence has all been indirect [4-7], and it is unclear whether plastic debris

4 A interneurons to cause glutamate efflux and indirect activation of excitatory synapses.

5 The overall and indirect adjusted VE against vaccine-targeted HPV types

6 anisms behind this observation, T cells with indirect allospecificity were transferred in mice receiv

7 igen-presenting cells for CD4(+) T cell with indirect allospecificity, B cells were depleted in C57BL

8 ucleus 'head' (CDh) of the striatum, receive indirect anatomical connections from the superior collic

9 dG(N(1)-H)(*) were formed as a result of the indirect and direct effects of ionizing radiation, among

10 t is reminiscent of the classic dopaminergic indirect and direct pathway within the striatum.

11 Nevertheless, resolving the importance of indirect and environmental transmission in the ecology o

12 RCA, although the interaction appeared to be indirect and mediated by an additional density consisten

13 tion influences on food consumption are both indirect and multidimensional.

14 y and number of other diadromous species was indirect and related to river-ocean connectivity.

15 We estimated antimalarial (indirect) and non-malarial (direct) effects of IPTp on b

16 ded in a path model to estimate their total, indirect, and direct effects on IQ.

17 singly under threat from multiple direct and indirect anthropogenic pressures.

18 detect swine pathogens using a non-invasive, indirect approach through the study of swine slurry.

19 This indirect assessment of network dysfunction is more readi

20 near models were used to evaluate direct and indirect associations between frailty and treatment expo

21 ure stability and is a semiconductor with an indirect band gap predicted near 1.3 eV.

22 The indirect band gaps of the Sn and Pb compounds are ~1.7 a

23 The measurements reveal an indirect bandgap and two donor-acceptor pair (DAP) recom

24 good size tunability (from 7 to ~30 nm), an indirect bandgap, photoconductivity (responsivity = 4 +/

25 d in a similar manner as the hyperdirect and indirect basal ganglia circuitry.

26 mainly depended upon the direct but not the indirect basal ganglia pathway.

27 t on the individual receiving some direct or indirect benefit.

28 This demonstrates the indirect benefits to (related) males in large coalitions

29 in 5 to 9-year-old children, and have minor indirect benefits.

30 a, white blood cell, interleukin-2 receptor, indirect bilirubin, myoglobin, and fibrinogen degradatio

31 abrogated TCR binding, indicating that this indirect binding mechanism is essential for peptide reco

32 hern terrestrial herbivorous species through indirect bottom-up effects on forage availability.

33 ongly populated in PALM schemes and exert an indirect but considerable influence on the quality of da

34 Indirect calorimetry analyses revealed that the deletion

35 with resting energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry compared with predictive equations

36 te significantly with more subtle changes in indirect calorimetry due to walking with different shoe

37 rrelated significantly with large changes in indirect calorimetry from walking on different grades sh

38 mean resting energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry in late phase (1,878 +/- 517 kcal)

39 d to predict resting energy expenditure when indirect calorimetry is not available.

40 s and resting energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry was analyzed using intraclass corre

41 from resting energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry was used to assess accuracy.

42 d composition (4-compartment model) and RMR (indirect calorimetry) were measured after 4 wk of weight

43 ptiometry, and resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry.

44 Substrate oxidation was measured by indirect calorimetry.

45 th-by-breath oxygen uptake was determined by indirect calorimetry.

46 has been associated with multiple direct and indirect cardiovascular complications including acute my

47 ill change with climate, driven primarily by indirect climate effects (e.g., greater nitrogen availab

48 nalysis was performed to evaluate direct and indirect comparisons.

49 germline deficit through direct reversion or indirect compensation, whereas others do so by subvertin

50 evailing mechanistic schemes describing only indirect connections between NPA and the main transporte

51 Many deaths are likely to be attributable to indirect consequences of the pandemic, including those a

52 Furthermore, a few naive indirect contact ferrets were positive for viral RNA, su

53 379.41-$18 250.79) or reduction in direct or indirect costs associated with age-related macular degen

54 There were limited data on direct and indirect costs associated with measles.

55 We collected direct medical, nonmedical, and indirect costs per blood culture-confirmed case incurred

56 we collected direct medical, nonmedical, and indirect costs per case of enteric fever incurred since

57 or elements of this framework are direct and indirect costs, patient-specific values, expectations of

58 e the direct medical, direct nonmedical, and indirect costs.

59 nal receptor states that also depend on this indirect coupling of neurotransmitters via their membran

60 social learning when the prestige cue was an indirect cue of success, and when direct success informa

61 cial learning is used when it constitutes an indirect cue of success, and when success-biased social

62 Correct attribution of direct and indirect deaths and estimation of excess mortality are c

63 Improving the tabulation of direct and indirect deaths on death certificates will require conce

64 Direct or indirect deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the entorhinal-

65 sive stimulation directly impact function of indirect, deep-brain targets, such as the hippocampus?

66 report maize genomic regions associated with indirect defence and provide a valuable resource for fut

67 xplored to establish the conditions in which indirect defence generates a plant-natural enemy mutuali

68 ore-natural enemy interactions that comprise indirect defence, we can better understand plant-based f

69 on with opposite consequences for direct and indirect defences in two genotypes.

70 t traits and interacting organisms involved, indirect defences show commonalities when grouped.

71 The benefits of indirect defences to natural enemies should be further e

72 that TET enzymes can act as both direct and indirect demethylases, highlight the active-site plastic

73 Like many crustaceans, stomatopods undergo indirect development, passing though several larval stag

74 In this study, we show that indirect dimerization of BCAP TIR is required for negati

75 In addition, the yields of indirect DSBs are compatible with the experimental scave

76 communities through a variety of direct and indirect ecological pathways.

77 training on patient care with a significant indirect effect (b = 3.44, 95% CI, 1.43-5.80).

78 relation of satiety responsiveness and zWFL (indirect effect = -0.097, 95% CI: -0.204, -0.026).

79 CI: 0.041, 0.187) and nonfood reinforcement (indirect effect = 0.076, 95% CI: 0.025, 0.156).

80 neral appetite on zWFL were mediated by FRR (indirect effect = 0.100, 95% CI: 0.041, 0.187) and nonfo

81 d hit her if she asked him to wear a condom (indirect effect = 1.5, 95% CI: -0.3, 3.3).

82 on were parental monitoring and involvement (indirect effect = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.0, 3.3) and reporting a

83 All mediators jointly explained two-thirds (indirect effect = 2.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 4.5) of the associat

84 sivity of the right corona radiata, (maximum indirect effect beta = -0.034 (CI: -0.065 to -0.01), by

85 l combined anthropogenic and natural aerosol indirect effect by -0.63 W m(-2) Our observationally con

86 There was an indirect effect of early intervention on middle childhoo

87 obesity on periodontitis was higher than the indirect effect of obesity on periodontitis through dent

88 There was a significant indirect effect of peer problems on adolescent depressio

89 erved in cancer cells Amiodarone also has an indirect effect on angiogensis, a key factor in the tumo

90 to the clinical environment and may have an indirect effect on patient care through better team lead

91 , 95% CI 1.39-4.58) and the obesity-mediated indirect effect was 18% of the total risk (aOR 1.18, 95%

92 (HR 0.60; 95%CI 0.37-0.97; P=0.04) while the indirect effect was not (P=0.30).

93 nd the joint method for significance test of indirect effect.

94 found a significant mediation effect for FA (indirect effect: -2.70; p = 0.03), indicating that DUP e

95 ll depend on understanding the potential for indirect effects among trophic levels and the relationsh

96 is, assumptions made in inferring direct and indirect effects are then clarified and evaluated in a b

97 findings support the importance of including indirect effects in modelling species distributions in r

98 whether observed associations were direct or indirect effects mediated through the offspring's own ov

99 experimental approach to decouple direct and indirect effects of actomyosin-generated forces, nuclear

100 unique sample, suggest that, to mitigate the indirect effects of COVID-19, lapses in medical care and

101 Even fewer examine indirect effects of diarrhoeal morbidity on child mortal

102 er temperatures on beetle life cycles versus indirect effects of drought on host susceptibility.

103 Our results suggest that the indirect effects of fire, in addition to the direct emis

104 Several indirect effects of glucocorticoids on bone metabolism,

105 is crucial that we more fully understand the indirect effects of GPCR-targeted drugs on the cancer ph

106 Instead, indirect effects of hybridization like waste of reproduc

107 rth, because secondary mortality effects and indirect effects of parasites can be very important, we

108 We hypothesized that there would be indirect effects of peer problems on adolescent depressi

109 a time series that captures both direct and indirect effects of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DWH

110 The indirect effects of warming on VOC emissions were signif

111 secreted in breast milk that have direct and indirect effects on immunity.

112 We evaluated PCV13 indirect effects on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD)

113 rage, school absenteeism, and community-wide indirect effects on laboratory-confirmed influenza hospi

114 reaks alter forest structure with direct and indirect effects on plants and animals in forest ecosyst

115 ent on productivity, including its potential indirect effects on productivity via changes in species

116 tations destabilize IL-11Ralpha and may have indirect effects on the cytokine-binding region.

117 Both direct and indirect effects result in large geographic differences

118 cts of climate on species, there can also be indirect effects through an intermediary species, such a

119 model, which stated that peer problems have indirect effects through subcortical volumetric alterati

120 re and soil moisture into direct effects and indirect effects through vegetation composition and biom

121 on that could be biological or could reflect indirect effects via the consequences on time spent indo

122 in HC and D3R in CUD participants, and these indirect effects were different between groups.

123 power calculations for estimating direct and indirect effects, we present a tutorial demonstrating ho

124 To test for direct and indirect effects, we used the simulations of climate cha

125 en for influenza can produce population-wide indirect effects.

126 ponse, we fit a mediator model and estimated indirect effects.

127 ndividuals will aid understanding of vaccine indirect effects.

128 that naively provide information about only indirect effects.

129 complex predator-prey dynamics and cascading indirect effects.

130 ntries should assess the overall (direct and indirect) effects of the pandemic on excess mortality.

131 By employing an indirect electrochemical detection in the presence of 10

132 proved to be an n-type semiconductor with an indirect electron transition.

133 to evaluate the performance of a dengue IgG indirect ELISA in determining dengue seroprevalence in a

134 ein S1 domain (EUROIMMUN); IgA, IgG, and IgM indirect ELISAs to detect the full-length S protein or S

135 oscopy (FCS), a technique that provides only indirect, ensemble-averaged measurements of diffusion be

136 esence of NiV antibodies using a comparative indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the

137 However, indirect estimation of functional disconnection did not

138 In conclusion, the indirect estimation of structural connectivity damage su

139 Inclusion of indirect ETEC and shigella mortality in burden estimates

140 This study provides indirect evidence for the possible relationship between

141 nt embolic stroke of undetermined source and indirect evidence of cardiac embolism, and in the preven

142 Contrary to the classical monomeric model, indirect evidence suggests that ORs might form dimers, w

143 st recommendations were based on low-quality indirect evidence.

144 red by constructing internal models based on indirect evidence.

145 e denoising also on the transients at longer indirect evolution times.

146 Recently, theoretical predictions as well as indirect experimental insights have shown that two diffe

147 e species through direct loss of habitat and indirect facilitation of exotic invasive species.

148 close relatives especially because of added, indirect fitness costs.

149 ng 61 amino acid substitutions unique to the indirect flight muscle isoform (IFI) suggest that differ

150 ults demonstrate the importance of including indirect food web effects in studies of the ecological r

151 Chromatin accessibility of these indirect Foxp3 targets depended on the presence of DNA b

152 Prediction from indirect functional disconnection was scarce or negligib

153 a subset of patients was clearly superior to indirect functional disconnection.

154 However, little is known of direct and indirect fungal interactions with Se-/Te-bearing ores.

155 The indirect GABAergic habenula pathway derives from neurons

156 isms underlying these responses by measuring indirect genetic effects (IGEs) that occur when differen

157 We found that indirect genetic effects create a tipping point in the e

158 tability is consistent with the existence of indirect genetic effects including a wide variety of tra

159 ocial behavior, creating the possibility for indirect genetic effects.

160 Finally, out-of-pocket expenses for indirect health-care costs were a key barrier to accessi

161 The indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of anti

162 sexual behavior-adjusted overall, total, and indirect (herd immunity) vaccine effectiveness (VE) was

163 t protection for adolescents and, over time, indirect (herd) protection across the population.

164 ar mixed model approach, we estimate partner indirect heritability and find evidence of partner herit

165 e 3-4 treatment-emergent adverse events were indirect hyperbilirubinaemia (in six [35%] patients), pn

166 [18%] patients); and sepsis, atrial flutter, indirect hyperbilirubinaemia, cerebral hemorrhage, and m

167 and immortalized lung cancer cell lines via indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, respecti

168 Donor serum samples were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay to identify i

169 specificity to the target, we carried out an indirect immunofluorescence detection assay of GNPs-anti

170 vascular and cardiac tissues was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence, fluorescent in situ hybridi

171 hey did not bind human or mouse epidermis by indirect immunofluorescence.

172 e studies testing agents that have direct or indirect immunosuppressive effects.

173 by the infant 4CMenB programme on top of the indirect impact of the adolescent MenACWY programme in c

174 roduction and 5 years post-PCV13, direct and indirect impact on invasive pneumococcal disease and pne

175 post-PCV and 5 years post-PCV13, direct and indirect impact on IPD and PnCAP differed by age and bet

176 ts in sectors that have sustained direct and indirect impact on nutrition.

177 ural changes in the frontal lobe may have an indirect influence on age-related general elements of EF

178 Whether nuthatches propagate this indirect information in their own calls remains unknown.

179 efore requires structure reconstruction from indirect information(7-9).

180 However, when nuthatches obtain indirect information, they produce calls with intermedia

181 ) cell or whole-animal models, or Ned-19, an indirect inhibitor.

182 se medications likely comprise direct and/or indirect interaction with Tregs via other immune and par

183 It maintains indirect interactions with the ATP-pocket and mediates a

184 for human settlements including housing, (2) indirect land-use associated with personal consumption,

185 Because in both cases, indirect land-use is much larger than direct, a strategi

186 nic AuNPs disrupt ion channel function in an indirect manner by altering the mechanical properties of

187 oxp3 defines Treg cell identity in a largely indirect manner by fine-tuning the activity of other maj

188 on of avian hosts, senses butyrate likely by indirect means to alter transcription of genes encoding

189 their presence can be only detected through indirect means.

190 on level-dependent (BOLD) signal provides an indirect measure of neuronal firing and reflects slow-ev

191 cial HIV serology may be a practical initial indirect measure of reservoir size in the peripheral blo

192 escent labeling for cellular phenotyping, an indirect measure of the molecular landscape in the cell,

193 For children we are using an indirect measurement approach, combining data from area

194 mpression fossils that allow both direct and indirect measurement of periderm radial thickness.

195 holes, or outcrops or to inferences based on indirect measurements between these sites.

196 methods for assessing cytopenia risk rely on indirect measurements of drug effects and primarily focu

197 ceptor in murine nociceptors, and suggest an indirect mechanism of action, via immune cells.

198 DK1 was in addition to a previously reported indirect mechanism, thus adding a layer to the interacti

199 thology in the genital tract possibly via an indirect mechanism.

200 gene FIT in response to Fe deficiency via an indirect mechanism.

201 Diverse direct and indirect mechanisms underlie responses to rainfall, incl

202 rial and ovarian cancers, through direct and indirect mechanisms, including modulation of oestrogen m

203 of a wide array of drugs through direct and indirect mechanisms.

204 ent of GlyR function through both direct and indirect mechanisms.

205 ew and provide evidence that coordination is indirect, mediated in Escherichia coli by the alarmone (

206 formed causal mediation analysis to estimate indirect (mediation) and direct effects of sRAGE on recu

207 We then report direct and indirect methods to characterise the thickness and distr

208 We inferred indirect mixture effects between organotin, ammonia, and

209 a central regulator of cancer metabolism and indirect modulator of epigenetic regulation in GBM.

210 s of D/H exchange in PbCH(3)ND(3)I(3) allows indirect monitoring of H migration by following the N-D

211 g ETEC and shigella subnational estimates of indirect morbidity (infection-attributable stunting) and

212 bidity (infection-attributable stunting) and indirect mortality (stunting-related deaths from other i

213 Understanding the indirect mortality and morbidity of diarrhoeal pathogens

214 storing Gli3 repressor rescues the decreased indirect neurogenesis in Inpp5e mutants.

215 n of the cortex by controlling direct versus indirect neurogenesis.

216 (various currently available products, plus indirect nonmedical costs, such as travel and productivi

217 e-outcome association and for the direct and indirect/obesity-mediated components 2.

218 We report the first indirect observation and use of boron vertex-centered ca

219 urface, and recent numerical simulations and indirect observations suggest that they may extend to th

220 t therefore often contend with incomplete or indirect observations that are somehow related to these

221 thods for identifying direct causations from indirect ones in the challenging situation where the var

222 g exact localization of a tumor invisible to indirect ophthalmoscopy and standard imaging.

223 ches based on direct and 1 approach based on indirect ophthalmoscopy) in terms of image quality and d

224 identify pCd neurons as persistently active, indirect P1 targets that are required for P1-evoked pers

225 t confers enhanced stability upon direct and indirect partners, thereby nucleating the formation of t

226 nserved pathogen target contrasts with other indirect pathogen recognition mechanisms.

227 HCMV can result in severe direct and indirect pathologies under immunosuppressed conditions a

228 ffects are associated with unbalanced direct/indirect pathway activations that may be reverted by CB1

229 nt while sparing the excitatory, potentially indirect pathway component of somatosensory responses.

230 NAc direct and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs)

231 s of medium spiny neurons (MSNs): direct and indirect pathway MSNs.

232 eous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in the indirect pathway MSNs.

233 t is similar in its structure to the classic indirect pathway of the basal ganglia that also targets

234 ting of the internal timing process, whereas indirect pathway stimulation transiently paused timing,

235 In addition, an indirect pathway with a relay in the central amygdala wa

236 When expressed virally in "indirect pathway" medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) in the ve

237 Selective deletion of D2Rs from indirect pathway-projecting medium spiny neurons (iMSNs)

238 ssed in medium spiny neurons involved in the indirect pathway.

239 disparity in the excitability of direct- and indirect-pathway SPNs in the on state, rather than by di

240 Moreover, direct and indirect pathways also play distinct roles in timing.

241 Our model also allowed us to account for the indirect pathways by which climate and agriculture impac

242 5940) on the balanced activity of the direct/indirect pathways in the SNr and its associated behavior

243 In surface waters, direct and indirect photochemical transformation is a known driver

244 imagery for estimating contaminant loss via indirect photolysis in lakes.

245 t investigation of the effects of direct and indirect photolysis on citric and malic acid-based CDs.

246 se negative" samples were equal to 23.3% for indirect photometry and 10% for ion chromatography.

247 In conclusion, the indirect photometry is a reliable method especially as "

248 thies are kidney diseases in which direct or indirect podocyte injury drives proteinuria or nephrotic

249 employed and analysed (n = 8.694). Based on indirect population formulas, we calculated body fat per

250 ed in a retrograde manner, the long-distance indirect projections (two to three synapses) onto the ma

251 Other indirect projections have been evidenced in areas of the

252 Indirect projections to MOB also originate from the soli

253 be able to differentiate between direct and indirect projections.

254 ) spanning the last 4000 years, an effective indirect proxy for reliably assessing Pb emissions direc

255 an valve tracking in terms of agreement with indirect quantification and intervalve consistency, part

256 oss the MV was obtained using three methods: indirect quantification of Rvol (Rvol(INDIRECT)), semiau

257 condensation nuclei (CCN) that influence the indirect radiative effect, this model-measurement discre

258 the bulk (roughly 3/4) of the total aerosol indirect radiative forcing estimate.

259 luvial sediment accumulation that provide an indirect record of North American erosion, mass transfer

260 l breast cancer phenotype through direct and indirect regulation of ERalpha and ERalpha-associated ge

261 eive direct regulation through Gbetagamma or indirect regulation through RAS and the sufficiency of t

262 resentation predicted success when inferring indirect relationships among events.

263 d latent block model that allows to identify indirect relationships among genes based on the biomedic

264 analysis, modelling hypothesized direct and indirect relationships between diet, body mass, brain ma

265 l equation modelling to determine direct and indirect relationships between home-climate, gas exchang

266 Energy expenditure was measured by indirect respiration calorimetry in wild-type (WT) and h

267 clay layer that expels organic carbon as an indirect response to groundwater pumping, rather than di

268 irect guard cell sensing of red light versus indirect responses as a result of red light influences o

269 ned this information to ascertain direct and indirect responsive ABI3 target genes.

270 ectiveness was estimated with the use of the indirect screening method.

271 thods: indirect quantification of Rvol (Rvol(INDIRECT)), semiautomated quantification of Rvol using v

272 issue-invasive, resulting in both direct and indirect sequelae.

273 need to be able to recognize the direct and indirect signs that might suggest the presence of an aor

274 pients from infectious diseases and also the indirect social benefit of reducing the transmission of

275 As part of a project investigating the indirect sources of PFOA/PFOS in the environment and eng

276 ficacy of glutamate synapses onto direct and indirect SPN pathways by recruiting distinct striatal si

277 to expected (O:E) ratios were calculated by indirect standardization and compared to DOT/1000pd.

278 We evaluated indirect standardization to adjust AU for case mix, a so

279 Using indirect standardization to adjust for case mix reduces

280 on establishment of DNA-vWF interactions, to indirect steric hindrance and partial overlap of the bin

281 aling by enhanced keratinocyte migration and indirect stimulation of fibroblast activity in diabetic

282 e how these components affect the direct and indirect stimulation of iNKT cells, we used mice deficie

283 udies highlighting the impacts of direct and indirect stressors on marine organisms, and multi-stress

284 ponsiveness to immune therapy, suggesting an indirect stromally targeted avenue for therapy resensiti

285 -mediated rejection that B cells control the indirect T cell alloresponses.

286 dy supports an important role for B cells in indirect T cell priming and further emphasizes the advan

287 pected to occur in the cis-regulatory DNA of indirect targets by chance.

288 re many nonfunctional binding sites and many indirect targets, nonfunctional sites are expected to oc

289 -15a/-15b and overexpression of their direct/indirect targets.

290 Given poor topographic resolution, we use an indirect technique to recognize valleys, based on the pa

291 (x)AgCl(6) HDP solid solutions that span the indirect to direct band-gap modification which exhibit t

292 hat metallization/demetallization as well as indirect-to-direct bandgap transitions can be achieved r

293 canal decompression, and medical therapy for indirect TON, the weight of published evidence does not

294 to identify optimal treatment strategies for indirect TON.

295 Indirect transmission from patient to patient in hospita

296 ess assay and a mouse model of blast-induced indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (bITON) showed that

297 deoxycholic acid (UDCA), however, direct and indirect treatment costs are expensive.

298 afood by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV-Vis detection.

299 This protocol provides a sustainable, indirect way for CO(2) methanation as the process can be

300 mobility-based methods are often used as an indirect way of assessing the membrane structure.