ライフサイエンスコーパス: inequality

1 t psychological lever for lessening societal inequality.

2 o create the possibility of generating large inequality.

3 n their own failure to take action to combat inequality.

4 self-reported and physiological responses to inequality.

5 s, rather than working on broader systems of inequality.

6 alth serves as the national symbol of social inequality.

7 y, penalising countries with a high level of inequality.

8 was observed for participants advantaged by inequality.

9 rEF from low-income regions with high income inequality.

10 led to much greater variability in economic inequality.

11 s-of-life lost attributable to socioeconomic inequality.

12 a US state with comparatively large economic inequality.

13 ch with more than two-thirds attributable to inequality.

14 highlighting the moderating role of economic inequality.

15 al on the degree of income, land, and wealth inequality.

16 and ethnicity were important determinants of inequality.

17 tion, which tends to rationalize deep social inequality.

18 roups reflect the pattern of societal income inequality.

19 licy interventions that specifically address inequality.

20 y above the world average and extremely high inequality.

21 e age 75 years are lost due to socioeconomic inequality.

22 been averted in the absence of geographical inequality.

23 ording to region, country income, and income inequality.

24 antages-influences individuals' reactions to inequality.

25 omed the United States is to profound racial inequality.

26 ng, revealing a second layer of exacerbating inequality.

27 frame) enhances support for action to reduce inequality.

28 geographical, economic, and other population inequalities.

29 ine-which evidently exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities.

30 groups continues due to persisting systemic inequalities.

31 itive residue of past and present structural inequalities.

32 artially explained by measures of structural inequalities.

33 needed to evaluate policies regarding urban inequalities.

34 ld also reduce early childhood developmental inequalities.

35 n contraceptive prevalence with low absolute inequalities.

36 e towards some of the observed socioeconomic inequalities.

37 population, contributing to widening health inequalities.

38 with both the relative and slope indices of inequalities.

39 e most significant contributors to pro-rural inequalities.

40 as do pro-rich, pro-urban, and pro-educated inequalities.

41 he relative index of inequality for relative inequalities.

42 ic compare to another US catastrophe: racial inequality?

43 social effects, what motivates opposition to inequality?

44 revious models of reciprocity do not include inequality(11-15).

45 can help individuals cope with such resource inequality [2-4].

46 such comparisons have increased with global inequality(3,4); everyday experiences can make economic

47 e progress in education, with a new focus on inequality(5-7).

48 tion of water provision, housing, and social inequality-a paradigm we call the housing-water nexus.

49 ountry income (low, middle, high) and income inequality (according to tertiles of Gini index).

50 reduction in the magnitude of income-related inequalities across countries, which is consistent with

51 rty were associated with reduced support for inequality across 34 countries.

52 in response to different levels of resource inequality across its network.

53 quality hypothesis" holds that rising income inequality affects the distribution of a wide range of s

54 Wait time inequality affects waitlist mortality and intention-to-t

55 , the critical exponents obey the Rushbrooke inequality alpha + 2beta + gamma >= 2 but always close t

56 Finally, we examine exposure inequalities among students of different socioeconomic b

57 ce health care disparities arising from data inequality among ethnic groups.

58 data may promote scientific progress, reduce inequality among scientists, and increase the diversity

59 Chronic diseases and their inequalities amongst older adults are a significant publ

60 and diversity in medicine stems from racial inequalities and discrimination that have permeated our

61 ing potential could reduce health and social inequalities and enhance population wellbeing.

62 luster Surveys were used to explore stunting inequalities and factors related to the change in height

63 e, reflecting widespread social and economic inequalities and inadequate funding for prevention and t

64 igh-resolution urban surveillance to measure inequalities and monitor the impacts of policies that ai

65 VID-19) pandemic, exacerbating socioeconomic inequalities and overwhelming fragmented health systems.

66 Evidence that gender inequalities and restrictive norms adversely affect heal

67 ndex of inequality (SII) to measure absolute inequalities and the relative index of inequality for re

68 of programmes that sought to decrease gender inequalities and transform restrictive gender norms to i

69 In the multivariate regression, gender inequality and anaemia in pregnancy were significantly a

70 cal knowledge transfer, and led to increased inequality and climate vulnerability.

71 e performance disparities are caused by data inequality and data distribution discrepancies between e

72 And we must reckon with the conditions of inequality and disadvantage that feed violence through a

73 cieties and suggesting a link between wealth inequality and favoring individual independence and free

74 perimentally for causal links between income inequality and individual self-sexualization and status-

75 pregnancy between countries emphasises that inequality and inequity persist in healthcare for women

76 We used the Slope Index of Inequality and logistic regression to quantify absolute

77 ortugal, the country with the highest income inequality and lowest in Switzerland, a lower income ine

78 Amidst rising economic inequality and mounting evidence of its pernicious socia

79 at the association between area-level income inequality and oral health outcomes varies considerably

80 ehold income and oral health, between income inequality and oral health, and income-related inequalit

81 examine whether the manner in which economic inequality and policy are framed-in terms of either uppe

82 show associations between area-level income inequality and poor oral health.

83 uced by the addition of country-level income inequality and population density.

84 the addition of country-level data on income inequality and population density.

85 uated programmes that aimed to reduce gender inequality and restrictive gender norms and improve heal

86 nces of these pathways, including how gender inequality and restrictive gender norms impact health th

87 ropose an agenda for action to reduce gender inequality and shift gender norms for improved health ou

88 desire for (versus opposition to) intergroup inequality and support for political attitudes that serv

89 We assessed time trends in inequalities, and calculated mean results across countri

90 lity framework, improvements in reporting of inequality, and causal modeling approaches.

91 ian race/ethnicity, acknowledgment of racism/inequality, and community perceptions of mask wearing.

92 st in institutions), social mobility, income inequality, and public welfare spending exhibited robust

93 Other contributors to the pro-rural inequalities are birth weight, maternal age and maternal

94 alth care, and the mechanisms by which these inequalities are generated remain unclear.

95 emporal lags) and that the effects of income inequality are stronger than those of land and wealth in

96 effects of parenting interventions on social inequality are unknown.

97 udies have effectively considered structural inequalities as drivers of ecological and evolutionary o

98 countergeoengineering generates high payoff inequality as well as heavy welfare losses, resulting fr

99 by age-related differences in the degree of inequality aversion and in the updating of beliefs about

100 independent of the normative assumptions of inequality aversion and time preferences, the agreement

101 Although humans display inequality aversion, many people appear to be untroubled

102 Limited evidence of exposure inequality based on commuter exposure was found, but pat

103 he experiment introduced unjustified payment inequality based on luck, in contradiction of local fair

104 cation in Sweden (1960s to 1970s), the large inequalities between the classes and neighborhoods remai

105 ss all model specifications, however, income inequality between countries is lower with solar geoengi

106 genic climate forcing has increased economic inequality between countries.

107 However, the biomedical data inequality between different ethnic groups is set to gen

108 scenarios in which an existing environmental inequality between two otherwise similar communities cou

109 rgest modifiable risk factor for this health inequality, but people with severe mental illness have n

110 jects differ in productivity, some endowment inequality can be necessary for cooperation to prevail.

111 Consistent reduction in inter-country inequality can inform discussions of the distribution of

112 models, and pack the information into a risk inequality coefficient (RIC) which can be calculated and

113 da Fenix probably did not have marked social inequality comparable to that of San Lorenzo.

114 The forces that perpetuate inequality continue to be studied, and here we examine h

115 ty and lowest in Switzerland, a lower income inequality country.

116 In this paper, we evaluate 11 measures of inequality, d(p1, p2), between 2 proportions p1 and p2,

117 We introduce concrete metrics of risk inequality, demonstrate their utility in mathematical mo

118 esearch investigates whether higher economic inequality disproportionately intensifies the financial

119 nderlining the risk of increased information inequality driven by self-selection along lines of inter

120 socioeconomic status, such local exposure to inequality drives support for the redistribution of weal

121 a, prevention programmes must address gender inequalities driving excessive risk among adolescent gir

122 shaping perceiver judgments and perpetuating inequality during the briefest interactions.

123 re deaths were attributable to socioeconomic inequality, equating to 877 082 deaths, or one every 10

124 iance crowds out cooperation and exacerbates inequality, especially when some heavily depend on colle

125 determinants of health in which deep gender inequalities exist.

126 ke the rest of science, must tackle the many inequalities experienced by Black scientists.

127 needed to address persisting and increasing inequalities for men, the most deprived, and for those w

128 olute inequalities and the relative index of inequality for relative inequalities.

129 mine change in multiple indicators of gender inequality for the period of 1970 to 2018.

130 mes), although beneficial overall, can widen inequality gaps.

131 Income inequality generates and amplifies incentives, particula

132 As a result, although between-country inequality has decreased over the past half century, the

133 n sub-Saharan Africa has decreased, absolute inequalities have persisted or increased.

134 phone access is associated with lower gender inequality, higher contraceptive uptake, and lower mater

135 The "income inequality hypothesis" holds that rising income inequali

136 descriptive evidence at odds with the income inequality hypothesis.

137 8, 95% CI 1.41-1.78), or with greater income inequality (ie, from the highest Gini tertile; 1.25, 1.1

138 me (ie, >$12 235 per capita) or lower income inequality (ie, from the lowest Gini tertile).

139 d egalitarian action and reduced support for inequality immediately (Studies 3 and 4b), 1 d later and

140 against the adverse effects higher economic inequality imposes on them.

141 dy uses more recent data to identify whether inequalities in access to liver resection still persist.

142 could contribute to the reduction of social inequalities in adiposity.

143 ify the causes and consequences of sex ratio inequalities in changing environments.

144 , we track long-term trends in family income inequalities in college enrollment and completion ("coll

145 ble Years is unlikely to widen socioeconomic inequalities in conduct problems.

146 Our objective was to characterize potential inequalities in CWS arsenic exposure over time and acros

147 Our aim is to reduce inequalities in diagnosis and treatment and to offer pat

148 al health services may be required to reduce inequalities in diagnostic practice.

149 s in Africa, marked national and subnational inequalities in DPT coverage persist throughout the cont

150 m 2000 to 2016, but substantial geographical inequalities in DPT coverage remained across and within

151 quantify absolute and relative socioeconomic inequalities in early neonatal mortality (0 to 6 days) a

152 The inequalities in early neonatal mortality were compared w

153 on of lifelong trajectories of socioeconomic inequalities in health and mortality begins in childhood

154 address restrictive gender norms and gender inequalities in health systems.

155 traditional gender roles and neglect gender inequalities in health, health system models and clinic-

156 gy to reduce social-economic and urban-rural inequalities in health.

157 approaches and policies that address social inequalities in improving health in cities of the region

158 Our objective was to examine inequalities in life expectancy in six large Latin Ameri

159 Furthermore, wealth inequalities in mortality persist among older adults.

160 Social inequalities in mortality persist in high-income countri

161 cross-national variations in income-related inequalities in oral health outcomes of self-rated oral

162 olicy interventions to reduce income-related inequalities in oral health.

163 equality and oral health, and income-related inequalities in oral health.

164 ying causes of disease and is not addressing inequalities in oral health.

165 Given that ethnic inequalities in outcomes may stem from differences in th

166 early neonatal mortality were compared with inequalities in postneonatal infant mortality (28 days t

167 educated (-3.9 deaths/1,000; OR 0.77), while inequalities in postneonatal infant mortality were more

168 Social inequalities in QALE loss by dental conditions were also

169 Socioeconomic inequalities in smoking cessation have led to developmen

170 Subnational variation and socioeconomic inequalities in stunting outcomes persisted, with the la

171 We decomposed the rural-urban inequalities in the associated factors of SAM while cont

172 leadership of this kind, when combined with inequalities in the payoffs of fighting, can lead to the

173 -Horne-Shimony-Holt and Mermin contextuality inequalities in the same experimental setup.

174 post-2008 data were compared), socioeconomic inequalities in the uptake of HIV testing in the previou

175 There were significant education-related inequalities in the use of dental care by older adults i

176 o measure the magnitude of education-related inequalities in the use of dental services among older a

177 tal services, and the magnitude of education inequalities in the use of dental services was assessed

178 we used multistate models to examine social inequalities in transitions from healthy state to advers

179 Although relative socioeconomic inequalities in uptake of HIV testing in sub-Saharan Afr

180 sub-Saharan Africa to quantify socioeconomic inequalities in uptake of HIV testing, and to establish

181 idence is lacking on the magnitude of health inequalities in urban areas of the region.

182 s likely to improve health and reduce health inequalities in urban poor populations globally.

183 s and Lorenz curves were used to explore the inequalities in weight status.

184 We generated equiplots to display inequalities in, the primary outcome, obesity by wealth,

185 We show that manipulating income inequality in a role-playing task indirectly increases w

186 ng into account racial, ethnic, and economic inequality in air pollutant exposure.

187 farmers in Bali and a cohort study on health inequality in Amsterdam.

188 ce of "arbitrary" conventions that structure inequality in animal and human societies.

189 for the health consequences of socioeconomic inequality in childhood.

190 During this period, inequality in college enrollment and completion was sign

191 New Zealanders, we quantified and monetized inequality in distributions of health and social problem

192 stem-justifying beliefs diminish aversion to inequality in economic contexts.

193 Inequality in education reached a peak globally in 2017

194 Our analysis demonstrates substantial inequality in how species and patches contribute to path

195 Social inequality in mathematical skill is apparent at kinderga

196 ementary schools, to the reduction of social inequality in numerical skill and discuss possible expla

197 d understanding the mechanisms behind social inequality in prehistoric societies is a major challenge

198 Adjusting the UHC index for inequality in service coverage makes little difference i

199 of explaining the drivers of infrastructural inequality in the 50 largest metropolitan areas.

200 the pace of reduction in poverty and income inequality in the LAC region has stalled.

201 ted for subgroups to identify within-country inequality in the mortality burden.

202 Second, inequality in the number of citations received by papers

203 ver 6 decades, our findings reveal a growing inequality in the risk for obesity and severe obesity ac

204 Given the near-historic levels of economic inequality in the United States, it is vital to understa

205 human morality also allows and enables much inequality in wealth and power.

206 It suggests that the SES inequalities, in particular parental education, are rela

207 Increases in the level of inequality, in all its forms, promote agricultural expan

208 The proportion of deaths attributable to inequality increased during the study period, particular

209 We propose that higher economic inequality increases financial hardship for low-income i

210 cy decreased from 27% to 11% and high gender inequality index decreased from 43% to 21%.

211 endencies between stillbirth rate and gender inequality index, geographic regions and skilled birth a

212 ven changes to their teaching can reduce the inequalities induced by economic and educational disadva

213 and to mitigate the increase in poverty and inequality induced by the lockdown.

214 mportant mechanism translating socioeconomic inequalities into mental and physical health disparities

215 Monitoring these inequalities is critical to the planning and delivery of

216 s our studies, a 1 s.d. increase in economic inequality is associated with an increase of financial h

217 Economic inequality is at its highest point on record and is link

218 ork suggests that the ways in which economic inequality is communicated (for example, by the media) m

219 ding support for the view that rising income inequality is fundamentally changing the distribution of

220 spend more on beautification in places where inequality is high rather than low.

221 ction is stronger in municipalities in which inequality is higher and for those where individuals hav

222 lso suggest that the instantaneous impact of inequality is larger than the overall effect (accounting

223 support is partly driven by perceptions that inequality is more unjust if framed as lower-class disad

224 Reducing educational inequality is one way to promote a fairer distribution o

225 Yet inequality is ubiquitous among humans(5,6) and is genera

226 prevention, is economic, and reduces health inequalities: it reaches a substantial number of people

227 However, our results indicate that inequality may also suppress participation; the politica

228 isms is a facet of public health, and health inequality may be compounded by inequitable microbial ex

229 findings suggest that the growth of spatial inequality may be connected to the increasing complexity

230 The distributions and inequality metrics presented here represent a framework

231 Consequently, economic inequality might not be a plausible explanation for the

232 We show that the trends in collegiate inequalities moved in lockstep with the trend in income

233 e did an open-label, randomised, controlled, inequality, non-inferiority trial in two clinics in Dhak

234 The gender inequalities observed among authors who made equal contr

235 as a housing issue that reflects structural inequalities of race and class, particularly in cities w

236 to describe the regional burden, trends, and inequalities of rheumatic heart disease in the Americas.

237 could be perpetuated by social factors, and inequality of healthcare provision, where communication

238 linkage of markers to the mating-type locus, inequality of mating-type frequencies, mutation rate, an

239 effect of the interaction between income and inequality on generosity in three large representative d

240 n and economic development as well as income inequality, on 2 top-ranking regional priorities for ado

241 tter accounted for by wealth/poverty than by inequality or by modeling anxiety about same-sex competi

242 vaccine coverage and changes in geographical inequalities over time.

243 s moved in lockstep with the trend in income inequality over the past century.

244 try towards the SDG targets and the level of inequality over time.

245 i showed statistically significant pro-urban inequality (p < 0.05).

246 que allows for precise determination of Bell inequality parameters with minimal technical overhead, a

247 in turn, increases cooperation and decreases inequality, particularly between group members that diff

248 e possible, we adjusted service coverage for inequality, penalising countries with a high level of in

249 Why do inequalities persist between male and female scientists,

250 evidence of a dose response indicating that inequality persists across the social stratum.

251 netic factors and socioeconomic status (SES) inequalities play a large role in educational attainment

252 lopment and contemporary measures of income, inequality, poverty, education, and race.

253 f romantic kissing, relative poverty (income inequality) predicts frequency of kissing across romanti

254 ces is associated with greater concern about inequality, preference for egalitarian policies and ineq

255 ng association between income and collegiate inequality, providing support for the view that rising i

256 overty offer one accessible means of shaping inequality-reducing attitudes and actions.

257 ity, preference for egalitarian policies and inequality-reducing behaviour.

258 and, hence, may be entangled with the health inequalities reflecting differences in education.

259 use of modern contraceptives, but important inequalities remain.

260 le and female participants, whereas absolute inequalities remained similar in female participants and

261 y are stronger than those of land and wealth inequality, respectively.

262 nvestigates the relationships between gender inequality, restrictive gender norms, and health and wel

263 Inequality seems to affect preferences for the redistrib

264 rvices was assessed using the slope index of inequality (SII) to measure absolute inequalities and th

265 g, and use this model to explore educational inequality since 1970 and to forecast progress towards t

266 Gender inequality starts early in life.

267 We found that increasing exposure to inequality stimulated trade.

268 ing (versus advantage-reducing) and economic inequality (Studies 2-5) as lower-class disadvantages (v

269 conservative assessments of the magnitude of inequality than the absolute difference.

270 oncerted efforts are needed to reduce health inequalities that are due to physical multimorbidity, an

271 maintained through structural and historical inequalities that change slowly.

272 ional structures of interpersonal and racial inequality that have "deep roots" generate persistence.

273 vision-time PDF, Painter and Marr derived an inequality that is true but is incorrectly used by exper

274 es accomplishing a task, violation of a Bell inequality, that is impossible under local classical tem

275 ng up in a town with relatively low economic inequality, the social class of the nearest same-age nei

276 c status encountered real-world reminders of inequality through the randomized presence of a high-sta

277 sters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and imple

278 e widespread efforts to reduce socioeconomic inequality towards the end of life.

279 minorities, residential segregation, income inequality, uninsured, diabetics, or mobility outside th

280 llege enrollment and completion ("collegiate inequalities") using all available nationally representa

281 The possibility of Bell inequality violations in quantum theory had a profound i

282 The mortality attributable to socioeconomic inequality was defined as the difference between the obs

283 Inequality was greater among men and peaked in early chi

284 legiate inequalities were high, while income inequality was low.

285 Marked inequality was observed: Gini coefficients equalled 0.96

286 Payment inequality was perceived as less fair than payment equal

287 We found that local exposure to inequality was positively associated with support for a

288 warming has affected the recent evolution of inequality, we combine counterfactual historical tempera

289 k for serving in the Vietnam War, collegiate inequalities were high, while income inequality was low.

290 Pro-urban inequalities were mostly affected by neighbourhood socio

291 We aimed to examine whether social inequalities were present before or after the onset of a

292 Relative educational inequalities were significant for all countries and rang

293 served in Haiti (31.3%) and Bolivia (34.6%); inequalities were wide in Bolivia, but almost non-existe

294 Measures of economic inequality were constructed at the neighbourhood level a

295 y of signing the petition in the presence of inequality, when taking into account the experimental pl

296 relevant to tackle health care accessibility inequality, which is not only prominent within and betwe

297 ificantly higher odds of SAM in rural areas) inequality while only Tajikistan and Malawi showed stati

298 hough it is often alleged that rising income inequality will increase the advantages of the well-off

299 ucation groups, and quantified socioeconomic inequalities with both the relative and slope indices of

300 -care systems reinforce and reproduce gender inequalities, with serious implications for health.