ライフサイエンスコーパス: infectiousness

1 infection and the ability to infect others (infectiousness).

2 icularly when accompanied by changes in host infectiousness.

3 stigated the influence of breast milk on HCV infectiousness.

4 ing the highest levels of susceptibility and infectiousness.

5 result in evolutionary pressure to increase infectiousness.

6 n body fluids, the standard proxy measure of infectiousness.

7 -off will significantly affect virulence and infectiousness.

8 th both decreased time to AIDS and increased infectiousness.

9 r pathogenicity, and the antiviral effect on infectiousness.

10 e 5% of individuals with the highest overall infectiousness.

11 to identify predictive correlates of higher infectiousness.

12 uced susceptibility to infection and reduced infectiousness.

13 he probability of both risk of infection and infectiousness.

14 onitored as a potential surrogate marker for infectiousness.

15 e recipient that contributed to heterosexual infectiousness.

16 of this study is the lack of knowledge about infectiousness.

17 ective, smaller HEV particles with a loss of infectiousness.

18 t least some protection against infection or infectiousness.

19 y than oseltamivir, reducing the duration of infectiousness.

20 er factors including host body condition and infectiousness.

21 d lead to underestimation of the duration of infectiousness.

22 mania parasitemia has been used as proxy for infectiousness.

23 d population, assuming 50% vaccine impact on infectiousness.

24 ections, as RNA is frequently detected after infectiousness.

25 ar and culture status are poor predictors of infectiousness.

26 levels are frequently used as a correlate of infectiousness.

27 and is therefore relevant to host health and infectiousness.

28 iral load cut-off was applied as a proxy for infectiousness.

29 irus culture positive was used as a proxy of infectiousness.

30 bable stage of infection and likely level of infectiousness.

31 m tuberculosis with unknown implications for infectiousness.

32 arasites in the skin is necessary to explain infectiousness.

33 ve was paradoxically associated with greater infectiousness.

34 in parasite landscape as a predictor of host infectiousness.

35 erculosis metabolic activity) for predicting infectiousness.

36 estigate how within-host dynamics relates to infectiousness.

37 susceptibility to infection, and increasing infectiousness.

38 rticles can be critical to maintaining their infectiousness.

39 ated with increased HIV-1 susceptibility and infectiousness.

40 factors that may facilitate or decrease HIV infectiousness.

41 tion, while AL is better at reducing patient infectiousness.

42 ion, mortality, transmission, and persistent infectiousness.

43 ptomatic persons, assuming equal duration of infectiousness.

44 fection prevalence, population abundance and infectiousness.

45 transmission intensity and human population infectiousness.

46 response if IPV has a very limited impact on infectiousness.

47 Accounting for presymptomatic infectiousness(2), time-varying ascertainment rates, tra

48 We found wide heterogeneity in infectiousness across individuals, suggestive of supersp

49 Poor test performance for detection of infectiousness also played a significant role in determi

50 Thus, varying infectiousness among differentially heat-sensitive Symbi

51 results suggest that the period of potential infectiousness among immunocompetent patients with sever

52 and more recent vaccination further reduced infectiousness among vaccinated cases.

53 transmission dynamics also depend upon host infectiousness, an area that has received relatively lit

54 sent (1) between-individual heterogeneity in infectiousness and (2) heterogeneous patterns of contact

55 onducted to identify studies with data on TB infectiousness and all randomised controlled trials (RCT

56 There were positive correlations between infectiousness and anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin G, par

57 ore efficient estimates of hazard ratios for infectiousness and baseline hazards of infectious contac

58 rtantly, we reveal the roles of age-specific infectiousness and characterize systematic variations an

59 the contributions of individual variation in infectiousness and clustered contact patterns to the tra

60 ling tools that can capture heterogeneity in infectiousness and contact are important for NoV outbrea

61 a heritable viral trait that influences HIV infectiousness and disease progression.

62 seline model, naive to human pre-symptomatic infectiousness and disease-driven mobility changes, a mo

63 t from the epidemiological perspective (high infectiousness and expensive treatment) the models give

64 By relating bacterial count to infectiousness and fitting dynamic epidemiological model

65 h transmissibility could be due to both high infectiousness and high rates of sex partner change or c

66 gy implicates airborne transmission; aerosol infectiousness and impacts of masks and variants on aero

67 e 2011, HIV risk has been redefined based on infectiousness and infectivity, ushering in a new era of

68 Viral infectiousness and number of sex partners may help expla

69 RS-CoV-2 strain on the duration of potential infectiousness and overall viral kinetics.

70 rican nonhuman primates, we investigated its infectiousness and pathogenicity in Asian monkeys.

71 R) infectious diseases where an individual's infectiousness and probability of recovery depend on his

72 d behavioral factors to account for syphilis infectiousness and risk for transmission.

73 -2 therapy has the potential to reduce HIV-1 infectiousness and slow HIV-1 disease progression.

74 nsmission of SARS-CoV-2 such as age-specific infectiousness and superspreading.

75 haracteristics most likely to influence host infectiousness and survival are the intrinsic pathogen g

76 nd pathogen characteristics most affect host infectiousness and survival.

77 lyses, including individual heterogeneity in infectiousness and susceptibility and the retrospective

78 Heterogeneity in infectiousness and susceptibility may still play an impo

79 sion depends on the relative balance between infectiousness and susceptibility, both of which are inf

80 e is evidence that treatment rapidly reduces infectiousness and that prolonged isolation may have del

81 overcome in moderating symptoms and limiting infectiousness and that treatment has to be initiated as

82 ptoms, we investigate the relative timing of infectiousness and the appearance of symptoms by using a

83 he relationships between both viral load and infectiousness and the duration of the asymptomatic infe

84 e of within- and between-host variability in infectiousness and the impact of these heterogeneities o

85 feasible and offers a new approach to study infectiousness and transmission of M. tuberculosis and o

86 The impact of vaccine efficacy against ARIs, infectiousness and vaccine coverage on ARI incidence wer

87 allowing for an increase in the duration of infectiousness and/or the transmission rate of typhoid f

88 ients were a marker of the duration of human infectiousness, and blood meals containing high concentr

89 , heterogeneity in sexual activity, variable infectiousness, and different mixing patterns between ri

90 Transmission dynamics, infectiousness, and drug susceptibility were analysed in

91 e symptom severity and duration and minimize infectiousness, and for immunocompromised individuals, a

92 on is divided into groups according to their infectiousness, and HIV is primarily spread by a small,

93 c determinants of this risk, the duration of infectiousness, and optimal treatment and prevention str

94 major determinant for the seeding activity, infectiousness, and strain characteristics of prions in

95 rogeneity in transmission rates, duration of infectiousness, and the existence of high-risk groups.

96 the correlation between nasal viral load and infectiousness, and to evaluate the impact that timing o

97 ion on the spectrum of illness and period of infectiousness are key to the effective containment of S

98 infection and how they relate to a person's infectiousness are not well understood.

99 we show that the distribution of individual infectiousness around R(0) is often highly skewed.

100 wever, the effect of influenza antivirals on infectiousness as well as on the ability of the virus to

101 the degree of individual-level variation in infectiousness (as quantified by the dispersion paramete

102 obscure considerable individual variation in infectiousness, as highlighted during the global emergen

103 vaccine efficacy for both susceptibility and infectiousness, as well as estimation of indirect and ov

104 cond largest impact was for Effect 6-Disease infectiousness at 29.9%.

105 k: two LFA tests (with optimal timing) avert infectiousness at a level that is comparable to 14-day q

106 finding strategies to target long periods of infectiousness before diagnosis, which is typical of HIV

107 udy, which indicated the log-scale model for infectiousness best fit the observed data and that balox

108 assays appear suitable tools to compare the infectiousness between individuals and to evaluate trans

109 Due to the highly asymmetric durations of infectiousness between males and females-it is estimated

110 ciated with reductions in susceptibility and infectiousness, but more so for Alpha than Delta and Omi

111 We assessed cases' severity and infectiousness by using a questionnaire.

112 erently the manner in which contact rate and infectiousness change over time, with different algorith

113 number of factors associated with TB patient infectiousness, contact susceptibility to infection, con

114 hat reduce the need for healthcare or reduce infectiousness could have significant impact, and resear

115 mitted by infectious aerosols, but assessing infectiousness currently relies on sputum microscopy tha

116 Leveraging model predictions and infectiousness data, we assess the impact of antiviral d

117 Serial testing and infectiousness determination were resource intensive.

118 , because both the duration of infection and infectiousness determine the opportunities for the virus

119 Reducing the period of infectiousness due to decreasing time to treatment has a

120 eritidis; (3) an increase in the duration of infectiousness due to failure to respond to first-line a

121 aximize parasite fitness, quantified as host infectiousness during acute infection?

122 Our results suggest that low infectiousness during host migration may have reduced th

123 3 months after seroconversion, whereas high infectiousness during late-stage infection was estimated

124 High infectiousness during primary infection was estimated to

125 Allowing low infectiousness during primary infection, the likelihood

126 Understanding changes in infectiousness during SARS-COV-2 infections is critical

127 n of this deadly pathogen, and that elevated infectiousness during winter plays a key role in seasona

128 mean-field epidemic (R(0), generation time, infectiousness, etc.) are preserved in each case.

129 namic in which subcamps with greater average infectiousness fed cases to those with a lower transmiss

130 The duration of infectiousness following pulmonary tuberculosis treatmen

131 al expansion and clearance rates and overall infectiousness for each individual.

132 d a 12% (95% CI: 0-16%) reduction in overall infectiousness for non-rebound cases.

133 ent and the disease dynamics of symptoms and infectiousness for seven case-study diseases with divers

134 ntial of individuals with MDR-TB may vary by infectiousness, frequency of contact, or duration of dis

135 t normally considered: the duration of human infectiousness, frequency of sampling by mosquitoes, and

136 s of a systematic search for data evaluating infectiousness from humans to experimental animals.

137 allow estimation of the antiviral effect on infectiousness from individual studies.

138 ity for susceptibility to infection (VES,p), infectiousness given infection (VEI,p), and total vaccin

139 0.0%], whereas vaccine effectiveness against infectiousness given infection was 23.0% (95% CI: -11.3

140 s about the impact of IPV on an individual's infectiousness, given the lack of knowledge about this p

141 n, and highlight the potential for prolonged infectiousness (>=6 days) in many individuals.

142 Assumptions about VE against infection and infectiousness have implications for changes to infectio

143 e is considerable heterogeneity in potential infectiousness i.e., only 29% of participants were proba

144 High infectiousness immediately prior to symptom onset highli

145 oved chemotherapy to shorten the duration of infectiousness, implementation of infection control meas

146 on post-transmission disease development and infectiousness in contact individuals are unknown.

147 a key determinant of disease progression and infectiousness in HIV infection.

148 urs, further amplified by longer duration of infectiousness in men, and age-assortative and sex-assor

149 ntiretroviral medications used to reduce HIV infectiousness in persons already infected with HIV [tre

150 implicate individual-level heterogeneity in infectiousness in superspreading.

151 of HIV transmission during a period of high infectiousness in the first few months after infection (

152 However, infectiousness in the first two cases may be useful to p

153 Other evidence on duration of infectiousness-including studies reporting on cough dyna

154 os with 50% and 90% VE against infection and infectiousness, increasing staff coverage reduces sympto

155 sure was quantified based on index patients' infectiousness, index patient and household contact inte

156 s transmission, from the view of source-case infectiousness, inherent susceptibility of exposed indiv

157 Heterogeneity of infectiousness is an important feature of the spread of

158 These findings suggest that tuberculosis infectiousness is associated with epidemiologic characte

159 major challenge for control programs if its infectiousness is confirmed.

160 inding that the proportion of presymptomatic infectiousness is highest in those infected via sexual c

161 of clustered transmission and heterogeneous infectiousness is important for understanding NoV transm

162 hich ART offered to infected persons reduces infectiousness is of considerable public health importan

163 lationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and infectiousness is poorly known.

164 oV-2 infection in this prison setting, their infectiousness is reduced compared to individuals withou

165 Further research is needed to understand how infectiousness is reflected in the viral antigen sheddin

166 inadequate initial treatment, and prolonged infectiousness led to extraordinary attack rates and cas

167 that causes tularemia, and its virulence and infectiousness make it a potential agent of bioterrorism

168 ine assumptions for the model were that peak infectiousness occurred at the median of symptom onset a

169 articularly important given that the peak in infectiousness occurs during the presymptomatic phase.

170 Assuming a duration of infectiousness of 1 year, the basic reproductive number

171 is true in Southeast Asia, we determined the infectiousness of 119 falciparum-infected Cambodian adul

172 To elucidate the reasons for this, the infectiousness of 50 sentinel dogs exposed to natural Le

173 y for HIV-1 infection prevention by reducing infectiousness of and susceptibility to HIV-1, on the ba

174 (HIV) type 1 should be directed at reducing infectiousness of and susceptibility to HIV-1.

175 (2) What is the infectiousness of asymptomatic and presymptomatic, compa

176 very rate, the diagnostic rate, the relative infectiousness of asymptomatic cases, and the proportion

177 The data did not allow identification of the infectiousness of asymptomatic infections, however low r

178 Among recent strain clusters, infectiousness of both of the initial cases was associat

179 paper, we analysed the retention period and infectiousness of CMB-carrying B. tabaci as well as B. t

180 ic that has been widely used to quantify the infectiousness of communicable diseases.

181 ntially faster viral replication and greater infectiousness of Delta during early infection.

182 The infectiousness of each cohort was compared by performing

183 Subsequently, we calculate the infectiousness of each infected macaque, finding that th

184 plasma (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.68-2.19) while the infectiousness of gametocytes may be reduced during the

185 g antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce the infectiousness of HIV-1 infected persons and pre-exposur

186 e leukemia virus (MLV) similarly enhance the infectiousness of HIV-1 particles by an unknown mechanis

187 susceptibility of HIV-1-exposed persons and infectiousness of HIV-1-infected persons.

188 er TIZ and RM-4848 could reduce the in vitro infectiousness of HIV-1.

189 Increased infectiousness of HIV-infected individuals is likely not

190 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the infectiousness of HIV-infected persons, but only after t

191 ity, and few large studies investigating the infectiousness of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative ind

192 We assessed the infectiousness of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative pat

193 eraction) of tuberculosis cases modified the infectiousness of HIV-seropositive indexes.

194 the role of the genital ulcer itself in the infectiousness of HIV.

195 erapeutics and vaccines that lower VL on the infectiousness of individuals and for evaluating rapid t

196 dful of studies have directly determined the infectiousness of individuals in endemic populations.

197 Quantifying the temporal dynamics of infectiousness of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 i

198 g booster doses, and natural immunity to the infectiousness of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infections

199 The relative infectiousness of laboratory and primary human immunodef

200 esults suggest that urethritis increases the infectiousness of men with HIV-1 infection.

201 a better understanding of the prevalence and infectiousness of oral HHVs in HIV-infected patients.

202 ndividual-level factors and the behavior and infectiousness of others.

203 Increasing evidence suggests that the infectiousness of patients for the sand fly vector of vi

204 losis treatment is effective in reducing the infectiousness of patients' sputum, because culture take

205 Determining the extent and duration of infectiousness of people with pulmonary tuberculosis (PW

206 y acquired immunity independently reduce the infectiousness of persons with Omicron variant SARS-CoV-

207 city, it is desirable to know in advance the infectiousness of potential candidate live attenuated in

208 Studies assessing infectiousness of pregnant women and gametocyte dynamics

209 During the Delta period, VE-infection and VE-infectiousness of primary series were 47% (95% confidenc

210 tudies suggest considerable heterogeneity in infectiousness of PWPTB.

211 sing the number of infected prisoners or the infectiousness of released prisoners; an imbalance in th

212 infection with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and against infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron.

213 me replication, viral particle secretion and infectiousness of secreted particles, providing a multi-

214 sity, detectability, course of infection and infectiousness of subpatent infections.

215 neity in contact patterns, contact rates, or infectiousness of the contacts, as long as these are equ

216 In particular, the characterisation and infectiousness of the different disease stages will be c

217 he effect of the combined characteristics of infectiousness of the first two cases in a cluster on th

218 ensively defining factors that determine the infectiousness of the host and the susceptibility of the

219 te similar, differing primarily in the basic infectiousness of their spreading process.

220 nfected MDM by cocultivation, confirming the infectiousness of this virus.

221 ted T cells can contribute to preserving the infectiousness of viral particles, thus revealing a nove

222 of the influence of individual variation in infectiousness on disease emergence.

223 ing can arise through variation in contacts, infectiousness or infectious periods.

224 tine or better hygiene, shorter durations of infectiousness or longer immunity.

225 Since endogenous FeLVs may affect the infectiousness or pathogenicity of exogenous FeLVs, geno

226 These groups may be delineated by geography, infectiousness or sociodemographic factors.

227 ep demographic states vary systematically in infectiousness or susceptibility to Mycoplasma ovipneumo

228 ized as factors that increase contact rates, infectiousness, or host susceptibility.

229 if longer incubation periods, lower rates of infectiousness, or increased implementation of nonpharma

230 effect of vaccination on susceptibility, on infectiousness, or on progression to disease in individu

231 ine has lower efficacy against infection and infectiousness, or only protects against symptoms.

232 released offers a reliable proxy of patient infectiousness, our observations imply that TiBr and int

233 patient care-seeking behavior, symptoms, and infectiousness over time; these uncertainties should be

234 Moreover, we allow for different infectiousness parameters within and across groups, diff

235 al much about the relationships between host infectiousness, pathogen load, and disease symptoms in t

236 5.7 (median: 5.5, IQR: 4.5, 6.8) days, with infectiousness peaking 1.8 days before symptom onset, wi

237 Infectiousness peaks around a day before symptom onset a

238 nine scenarios for different combinations of infectiousness period (1, 3 and 5 days) and proportion o

239 To account for the uncertainty in both the infectiousness period and the proportion of symptomatic

240 rantine and isolation that has shortened the infectiousness period by approximately one day during th

241 e Area and the Periodontal Index for Risk of Infectiousness (PIRI).

242 A lack of understanding of human infectiousness precludes a standard approach to this inf

243 pes of benefit (reducing disease severity or infectiousness, preventing hospitalization) could have m

244 ed on recent individual-level data regarding infectiousness prior to symptom onset and the asymptomat

245 The reconstructed infectiousness profile of a typical SARS-CoV-2 patient p

246 Knowing the unmitigated infectiousness profile of infected individuals can infor

247 op a novel mechanistic approach to infer the infectiousness profile of SARS-COV-2-infected individual

248 Many studies have estimated the infectiousness profile using observed serial intervals.

249 framework to characterize heterogeneous mpox infectiousness profiles - specifically, when infected in

250 , and PROS1 and a 3880-fold increase in ZIKV infectiousness/propagation in human term decidual stroma

251 y epidemic parameters (i.e. mean duration of infectiousness, R0, and Reff) and can provide an accurat

252 gested that even if the vaccine only reduced infectiousness rather than susceptibility to infection,

253 se data examine viral culture as a proxy for infectiousness, reaffirm the need for rapid control meas

254 iod; reduced virus load, which acts to lower infectiousness; reduced susceptibility on exposure to in

255 Variant infectiousness (representing wild-type virus, Alpha vari

256 elate with behavior change than with reduced infectiousness resulting from highly active antiretrovir

257 ariety of vaccine effects on susceptibility, infectiousness, Salmonella shedding level, and duration

258 ive negative results are needed to ascertain infectiousness status.

259 Infectiousness tends to be elevated between 1 and 5 days

260 currently approved test can be used to infer infectiousness, that is, the presence of replicable viru

261 ng susceptibility to infection or increasing infectiousness), the PAF calculated directly from the mo

262 is determined by the time from infection to infectiousness, the duration of infectiousness, the time

263 l because of high incidence of infection and infectiousness, the insensitivity of the diagnostic test

264 infection to infectiousness, the duration of infectiousness, the time from infection to disease onset

265 t value correlates inversely with SARS-CoV-2 infectiousness, these differences imply that vaccine bre

266 Children often met the study-defined non-infectiousness threshold on the day after symptom resolu

267 designed to have lower detection limits than infectiousness threshold values to minimize the length o

268 when the detection limit is higher than the infectiousness threshold values, additional consecutive

269 account for asymptomatic and presymptomatic infectiousness, time-varying ascertainable infection rat

270 We longitudinally determined human infectiousness to mosquitoes and P. falciparum carriage

271 ic acid sequence-based amplification assays; infectiousness to mosquitoes by membrane-feeding assays

272 The gametocyte infectiousness to mosquitoes was determined by mosquito-

273 assays (DSFs) can sensitively measure their infectiousness to mosquitoes.

274 erogeneous skin parasite patches that govern infectiousness to sand flies.

275 hip between transmission intensity and human infectiousness to the mosquito, requiring assumptions ab

276 m of this study was to evaluate the relative infectiousness to the sandfly vector of patients with vi

277 he mosquito, requiring assumptions about how infectiousness varies between individuals.

278 (VE(P)), infection and illness (VE(SP)), and infectiousness (VE(I)).

279 The effect on reducing infectiousness was 19% (95% CI: -160, 75) for zanamivir

280 VE-infectiousness was 45% (95% CI, -14% to 74%) for primary

281 effect of mutations on virus RT activity and infectiousness was analysed in vitro.

282 on virus reverse-transcriptase activity and infectiousness was analyzed in vitro.

283 s run under three candidate profiles whereby infectiousness was assumed to be proportional to viral t

284 , this vaccine had a substantial impact when infectiousness was assumed to be reduced along with inci

285 Infectiousness was based on viral culture rates on 246 s

286 Nearly 50% of individual infectiousness was concentrated in the individual's subc

287 Human infectiousness was higher at the start of the wet season

288 ified in serum of all individuals, and viral infectiousness was measured in the swabs of the reinfect

289 ire outbreak, but are qualitatively similar: infectiousness was negligible until symptom onset, and i

290 Patients' infectiousness was not associated with the rate of clust

291 duration was maintained at 10 days, and peak infectiousness was varied between 3 and 7 days (-2 and +

292 Using data on VL and the predicted infectiousness, we further incorporated data on antigen

293 Incorporating recent data on VL and PKDL infectiousness, we show that while VL cases drive transm

294 VE-infection and VE-infectiousness were estimated using generalized estimati

295 exponential networks for any finite rate of infectiousness when the disease persists.

296 the risk of rebound without further reducing infectiousness, whereas starting beyond five days reduce

297 shorter period of illness and potentially of infectiousness which should impact work-health policies

298 olves to an intermediate level that balances infectiousness with longer infected lifespans, resulting

299 positivity is, however, only 1 component of infectiousness, with reduced cough frequency and aerosol

300 ity of the pathogen to replicate and develop infectiousness within the arthropod host.