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1 lly transmitted by an invertebrate vector or intermediate host.
2 blue/white' screening, without the use of an intermediate host.
3 arasite development and interaction with the intermediate host.
4 cies, implicating humans as the evolutionary intermediate host.
5 that may favour its hepatotropism in the new intermediate host.
6  a mammalian definitive host and a molluscan intermediate host.
7 e species of snail (Helix aspersa) acting as intermediate host.
8 t have complex life cycles involving a snail intermediate host.
9 g that they represent an important potential intermediate host.
10 lonal expansion of larvae inside a molluscan intermediate host.
11 r snail Biomphalaria glabrata as its primary intermediate host.
12 nent that increases with size or time in the intermediate host.
13 sibly in the emergence of P. tenuis from the intermediate host.
14 eventing the protozoan from overwhelming its intermediate hosts.
15 while numerous warm-blooded species serve as intermediate hosts.
16 stoat ACE2, revealing mustelids as potential intermediate hosts.
17 te Toxoplasma gondii infects a wide range of intermediate hosts.
18 coon dogs, previously identified as possible intermediate hosts.
19           Schistosomes use aquatic snails as intermediate hosts.
20 ity- and trait-mediated effects on the snail intermediate hosts.
21  for establishing a chronic infection in its intermediate hosts.
22 ies for disease control focused on gastropod intermediate hosts.
23 initive hosts, and in vertebrates, which are intermediate hosts.
24 sion of MERS-CoV, either directly or through intermediate hosts.
25 from the gut to exploit the tissues of their intermediate hosts.
26 of transmission-asexual transmission between intermediate hosts.
27 was most likely due to parasite reduction of intermediate host abundance (a density-mediated effect),
28 study also shows that whether coinfection of intermediate hosts affects the levels of drug resistance
29 f food; invertebrate vectors of disease; and intermediate hosts among birds, mammals, and nonhuman pr
30 o lifestages involved in the invasion of the intermediate host and transcripts ubiquitously expressed
31 t cause LF require both arthropod (mosquito) intermediate hosts and mammalian definitive hosts for th
32 revalence suggests that NHPs are most likely intermediate hosts and may be infected by other species,
33 ity to larval trematodes by augmenting snail intermediate hosts and suppressing amphibian immunity.
34 nsecticides increased snail abundance (first intermediate host) and thus trematode exposure by increa
35 ity to deduce why there is sometimes growth (intermediate hosts) and sometimes no growth (paratenic h
36 ing bradyzoites during its life cycle in the intermediate host, and conversion can be induced in vitr
37  the virus, identify potential reservoirs or intermediate hosts, and define the mechanisms underlying
38 )-2 likely experienced adaptive evolution in intermediate hosts before transfer to humans at a concen
39 eved to use wild rodents as the reservoir or intermediate hosts, but the host or viral factors that a
40                              Pigs can act as intermediate hosts by which reassorted influenza A virus
41 ation of drinking water, chemical control of intermediate hosts, case containment and, crucially, loc
42 o increased cercaria production by the snail intermediate hosts, causing opposing effects on tadpole
43  and opportunities for recombination through intermediate host co-infection are underestimated.
44 ed in more southeastern wetlands, and snail (intermediate host) community composition had strong effe
45 s, such as vector control measures that kill intermediate hosts, could shift the thermal optimum of t
46    Opposite conditions favour growth in the (intermediate) host, either to GALM or until death withou
47                  The hunting of its infected intermediate hosts (especially the lowland paca Cuniculu
48  typically involves larval development in an intermediate host followed by maturation in the respirat
49            Littoraria also acts as the first intermediate host for at least four species of digenetic
50                        Pigs are an important intermediate host for influenza; thus, we assessed the r
51 haracterize populations of Biomphalaria, the intermediate host for intestinal schistosomiasis.
52 labrata is relevant because this snail is an intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni, the most wide
53 mph (i.e. blood) of Biomphalaria snails, the intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni, using Illumin
54   Almost any warm-blooded creature can be an intermediate host for Toxoplasma gondii.
55 ic felines, that are not commonly considered intermediate hosts for avian influenza viruses.IMPORTANC
56 servations support that NHPs are most likely intermediate hosts for Ebola viruses.
57  and Biomphalaria alexandrina, are the major intermediate hosts for S. mansoni in sub-Saharan Africa,
58 i) that are voracious predators of the snail intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis.
59 d snails of the genus Biomphalaria are major intermediate hosts for the digenetic trematode parasite
60 A viruses, pigs are believed to be effective intermediate hosts for the spread and production of new
61 asites have complex life cycles that require intermediate hosts for their transmission, but little is
62 rvoir hosts, the role of prior adaptation in intermediate hosts for zoonotic transmission and the vir
63 reby newly hatched larvae must find suitable intermediate hosts (freshwater snails) and mature larvae
64 dditionally, our clustering approach reveals intermediate host functional states between these extrem
65                                              Intermediate hosts (gastropods) and an accidental host,
66 a infective stages) and the parasite's snail intermediate host (growth and reproduction).
67 etle (Tribolium castaneum) that serves as an intermediate host in its transmission.
68         Although swine are believed to be an intermediate host in the emergence of new human influenz
69 alayan pangolins, species suspected to be an intermediate host in the passage to humans.
70  possibility that chickens may be a possible intermediate host in zoonotic transmission.
71 ndicate that the parasite has found suitable intermediate hosts in Hawai'i, which are required for th
72 efly outline what is known about the role of intermediate hosts in influenza emergence, summarize our
73 oni infection among schoolchildren and snail intermediate hosts in rural communities in Gomma.
74 omphalaria pfeifferi) that serve as obligate intermediate hosts in the complex life cycle of the para
75 uenza A viruses in two species thought to be intermediate hosts in the spread of influenza A viruses
76 rtant role in the ecology of AIVs, acting as intermediate hosts in which viruses become more adapted
77 ghlight the potential role of dogs to act as intermediate hosts in which viruses with zoonotic and/or
78 rval parasite controls its own growth in the intermediate host, in order that growth eventually arres
79       The original host typically becomes an intermediate host, in which reproduction is suppressed.
80 tive host, or vector, is a mosquito, and the intermediate host is a vertebrate, such as human.
81           In 'downward incorporation', a new intermediate host is added at a lower trophic level; thi
82 irus spread directly to humans or through an intermediate host is currently unclear, as is the potent
83       Toxoplasma gondii transmission between intermediate hosts is dependent on the ingestion of wall
84       This model assumes that on entering an intermediate host, larval death rate initially has both
85 as transmitted to humans via an undetermined intermediate host, leading to infections in humans and o
86 in a 'poised' chromatin state throughout the intermediate host life cycle in low passage strains.
87 gest that behavioral thermoregulation by the intermediate host may buffer the larvae of indirectly tr
88 ration of a natural predator of a parasite's intermediate hosts may enhance drug-based schistosomiasi
89 ften ignored seasonality by using simplified intermediate-host modeling, or by restricting seasonal e
90         Here, we define the genome for a key intermediate host of S. haematobium-called Bulinus trunc
91 ne derived from Biomphalaria glabrata, snail intermediate host of the human blood fluke Schistosoma m
92 emocytes of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of the human blood fluke Schistosoma m
93         To elucidate the role of sparrows as intermediate hosts of highly pathogenic avian influenza
94 osses in the pork industry and swine are key intermediate hosts of human disease outbreaks, we synthe
95 ts in the study area were surveyed for snail intermediate hosts of S. mansoni.
96 e genetic basis for a shortlist of potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 to prioritize for serol
97                          Aquatic snails, the intermediate hosts of schistosomes, harbor a diverse une
98 B. glabrata and B. pfeifferi, both important intermediate hosts of the human pathogen, Schistosoma ma
99 ed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are natural intermediate hosts of the parasite demonstrate the exist
100 erborne diseases and a favorable habitat for intermediate hosts of tropical parasitic infections that
101                          Larval helminths in intermediate hosts often stop growing long before their
102 implicating these animal species as possible intermediate hosts or animal models for 2019-nCoV infect
103 feeding arthropods transmitting the virus to intermediate hosts or humans during oral ingestion or en
104 f the fundamental biology of their gastropod intermediate hosts, or of the interactions occurring at
105                  Acaricide resistance of the intermediate host, paucity of therapeutics, and lack of
106 he complex life cycles of helminths, life in intermediate hosts poses special problems not covered by
107          First, why do some helminths infect intermediate hosts prior to infecting ungulates, given t
108  rotifers colonizing the schistosome's snail intermediate host produce a water-soluble factor that pa
109 phication help explain historical changes in intermediate host range and parasite transmission.
110                       Infection outcomes for intermediate hosts range from latent toxoplasmosis to be
111 emoving aquatic vegetation habitat for snail intermediate hosts reduces schistosomiasis infection rat
112 nd to evaluate whether seasonal averaging or intermediate-host reduction can provide reliable predict
113 p, and cows, these form a potential MERS-CoV intermediate host reservoir species.
114 mon life history pattern of avoidance of the intermediate host's gut because the tissues offer a high
115 in particular why larval helminths avoid the intermediate host's gut, and adult helminths favour it.
116 ttle is known about the genetic basis of the intermediate host's susceptibility to these parasites.
117 mplex cycles occupy sites exclusively in the intermediate host's tissues or body spaces, and may or m
118 ctious trematodes and their introduced first intermediate host snail (Melanoides tuberculata) are wid
119 er, the widespread introduction of the first intermediate host snail Melanoides tuberculata and 2 of
120 ling revealed positive relationships between intermediate host snails (abundance, density, and preval
121 able of altering nutrient excretion in their intermediate host snails (dominant grazers).
122 oductive plants is therefore recovered at an intermediate host spacing.
123          We hypothesize that horses acted as intermediate hosts spreading a prepandemic avian-origin
124 rasite Toxoplasma gondii are associated with intermediate hosts such as humans: rapidly growing tachy
125 rstand the virulence determinants for IAV in intermediate hosts, such as swine and turkeys, and highl
126 d species that split from T. saginata via an intermediate host switch approximately 1.14 Myr ago.
127 nfluenza A viruses can emerge from swine, an intermediate host that supports adaptation of human-pref
128              IMPORTANCE Swine are considered intermediate hosts that have facilitated influenza virus
129 ldiers occur in colonies infecting the first intermediate host, the freshwater snail Melanoides tuber
130  protozoon Toxoplasma gondii for its natural intermediate host, the mouse, appears paradoxical from a
131 eservoir alone, supporting interactions with intermediate hosts through wildlife trade playing a role
132 eceptors on the defence cells of their snail intermediate hosts, thus preventing host-cell activation
133 ry theory as to how larval helminths exploit intermediate host tissues and avoid the gut to maximise
134 parasite larvae are able to manipulate their intermediate host to increase ingestion probability by d
135          Warming of 3 degrees C caused snail intermediate hosts to release parasites 9 months earlier
136 ents of the biology and ecology of the snail intermediate hosts, together with an improved understand
137                                   Within its intermediate host, Toxoplasma gondii switches between tw
138                     During its life cycle in intermediate hosts, Toxoplasma gondii exists in two inte
139 facilitate survival and replication in their intermediate hosts, trematode parasites down regulate ho
140 restricted to larval stages within the snail intermediate host (Triodopsis sp.), beginning as early a
141  In complex cycles, helminth larvae in their intermediate hosts typically grow to a fixed size.
142 us maintaining a high titer of virus in this intermediate host used to produce virus inoculum for gra
143 modified Biomphalaria glabrata, an important intermediate host, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.
144                           Some snails act as intermediate hosts (vectors) for parasitic flatworms (fl
145 y and habitat can increase their exposure to intermediate hosts via infected prey, altering their par
146 l size for the parasite larva at GALM in the intermediate host whether the evolutionary approach to t
147         We confirmed dogs can ingest copepod intermediate hosts while drinking; however, low numbers
148  arisen via a cross-species transfer from an intermediate host whose range overlaps those of both gib
149 f this uncharacterized snRNP included snoRNA intermediates hosted within ribosomal protein (RP) genes

 
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