ライフサイエンスコーパス: intracranial

1 eration ROS1 TKIs developed to have improved intracranial activity and to mitigate ROS1-intrinsic res

2 an acrylic box (skull), air-filled balloon [intracranial air (ICA)], water-filled balloon (cerebrosp

3 -EEG channels exhibiting normal activity for intracranial analyses.

4 Imaging was by MR angiography of the intracranial and cervicocranial arteries, by CT angiogra

5 To test this hypothesis, we analyzed intracranial and scalp Electroencephalography sleep reco

6 neoplasm in NF2, often occurring in multiple intracranial and spinal locations within the same patien

7 Using intracranial and surface EEG recordings in four independ

8 fold increased risk for having an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) in women aged between 30 and

9 he most frequent neurologic complications of intracranial aneurysm coiling.

10 Intracranial aneurysm is a common life-threatening disea

11 Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage,

12 d sex hormone drugs, providing insights into intracranial aneurysm pathophysiology.

13 inical risk factors, play important roles in intracranial aneurysm risk, and drive most of the geneti

14 Risk of intracranial aneurysm rupture could be affected by geome

15 significantly and inversely associated with intracranial aneurysm rupture.

16 for optimal reduction of artifacts following intracranial aneurysm treatment.

17 d stenosis, carotid dissection, and extra or intracranial aneurysm were reviewed retrospectively.

18 canalization after Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysm, or ARETA, cohort.

19 atic genetic variants in the pathogenesis of intracranial-aneurysm formation is unknown.

20 ation of the aorta have a high prevalence of intracranial aneurysms (IA) and suffer subarachnoid hemo

21 Unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are common incidental imag

22 g-target enrichment shows pleiotropy between intracranial aneurysms and antiepileptic and sex hormone

23 rive most of the genetic correlation between intracranial aneurysms and other cerebrovascular traits.

24 e could be affected by geometric features of intracranial aneurysms and the surrounding vasculature i

25 Finally, CFD and immunofluorescence on human intracranial aneurysms showed a correlation similar to t

26 3-year-old man with progressive, right-sided intracranial aneurysms, ipsilateral to an impressive cut

27 ew risk loci and the genetic architecture of intracranial aneurysms, we performed a cross-ancestry, g

28 o play an important role in the formation of intracranial aneurysms, which is conditioned by the geom

29 correlation between ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

30 e amount of interest for use in treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

31 close association between disturbed flow and intracranial aneurysms.

32 cytes in the arterial wall of two unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

33 graphy scanning, (histo)pathology, different intracranial arterial beds, and calcification.

34 ew of the published reports on prevalence of intracranial arterial calcifications on computed tomogra

35 factors and atherosclerotic lesion burden of intracranial arteries assessed with vessel wall MRI at 7

36 iation study unveils molecular links between intracranial atherosclerosis and dementia, independent o

37 Background Intracranial atherosclerosis is an important cause of is

38 Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a common

39 ese data suggest that astrocytes function as intracranial baroreceptors and play an important role in

40 e suggesting that astrocytes may function as intracranial baroreceptors that play an important role i

41 To function as intracranial baroreceptors, astrocytes must possess a sp

42 ebral perfusion pressure and may function as intracranial baroreceptors, tuned to monitor brain blood

43 We retrospectively analyzed patients with intracranial bleeding due to an AVM who were included in

44 long-term care home, patients with previous intracranial bleeding or recent acute bleeding (such as

45 atrial fibrillation and history of previous intracranial bleeding.

46 y 70%, but there was no increase in fatal or intracranial bleeding.

47 tumours and to sensitively detect very small intracranial brain tumours in patient-derived xenograft

48 adjusting for patient's age, sex, and total intracranial brain volume.

49 Intracranial calcification was detected in three individ

50 We found that intracranial calcifications are a frequent finding in al

51 evelopment of radiation-associated secondary intracranial cancer, defined as within the 2 Gy isodose

52 Intracranial carotid artery calcifications (ICACs) are o

53 All large arteries of the intracranial circulation were assessed for number, locat

54 gnificant reduction of artifacts adjacent to intracranial coils and clips.

55 We investigated intracranial correlates of scalp-detected STW in 26 pati

56 urgical epilepsy evaluation, we explored the intracranial correlates of STW.

57 Of the 74 infants with confirmed fractures, intracranial CT findings were normal in 68 (92%) and abn

58 These intracranial data provide a more fine-grained and nuance

59 tive but was not detected systemically after intracranial delivery of CART.BiTE cells.

60 ional opportunities to accurately screen for intracranial disease at initial cancer diagnosis, target

61 C) was evaluated in patients with measurable intracranial disease.

62 ly comparing source imaging results with the intracranial EEG (iEEG) findings and surgical resection

63 Here, we examine intracranial EEG (iEEG) in the human temporal lobe as pa

64 sify active electrodes showing event-related intracranial EEG (iEEG) responses from 115 patients perf

65 rchitecture, which enables interpretation of intracranial EEG (iEEG) transients driving classificatio

66 sed related models, and fitting the model to intracranial EEG data uncovers two regularities across h

67 ge = 34.5 years, range = 5-58) who underwent intracranial EEG evaluation for epilepsy surgery.

68 patients (10 females and 9 males) undergoing intracranial EEG monitoring.

69 Here, using intracranial EEG recordings, we show that episodic memor

70 To address this knowledge gap, we used intracranial EEG to record LFPs at 858 widely distribute

71 Using human intracranial EEG with concurrent pupillometry in 3 subje

72 Purpose To investigate the intracranial effects of microgravity by measuring combin

73 We describe exploratory analyses of intracranial efficacy and survival in participants with

74 Intracranial electrical stimulation (iES) of the human b

75 rrowed from the cardiac field, consist of an intracranial electrode, an extension wire and a pulse ge

76 the range of 80 Hz or higher, recorded from intracranial electrodes during epileptiform discharges.

77 For these patients, the inclusion of intracranial electrodes together with scalp ones increas

78 ical sites in 67 participants implanted with intracranial electrodes.

79 human neurosurgical patients implanted with intracranial electrodes.

80 Here we recorded intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG), local field po

81 hin-patient seizure network evolutions using intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) recordings o

82 tform that enables wireless and programmable intracranial electroencephalographic recording and elect

83 gnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and human intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) coherence.

84 Using long-term intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings fr

85 Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings fr

86 In this study, we used human intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) to show that

87 Here, we use intracranial electroencephalography and a hybrid spatial

88 Using large-scale human intracranial electroencephalography recordings, we show

89 Here we use human intracranial electroencephalography to investigate the b

90 Using the unique ability of intracranial electroencephalography to study in situ bra

91 To overcome this confound, we developed intracranial encephalography (iEEG) deconvolution.

92 We used intracranial encephalography deconvolution to overcome t

93 necessary in children aged <2 years, but the intracranial findings can influence the management of th

94 days; the other four patients with abnormal intracranial findings were discharged within 48hours of

95 eviewed retrospectively for hyperattenuating intracranial foci.

96 There is incomplete information documenting intracranial gadolinium retention in patients administer

97 mediate hypersensitivity reactions, NSF, and intracranial gadolinium retention.

98 several cancer models, including aggressive intracranial glioblastoma.

99 DGFB accelerated orthotopic tumor growth and intracranial growth of mammary tumor cells, while mesenc

100 c inhibitor crenolanib significantly reduced intracranial growth of mammary tumor cells.

101 c arterial embolism) and delayed symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (d-sICH) within 90 days.

102 ation are associated with stroke recurrence, intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and acenocoumarol mainten

103 th increasing cerebral microbleed burden for intracranial haemorrhage but this effect was less marked

104 numerically higher prevalence of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage in the intervention group.

105 microbleeds, aHR 4.55 [95% CI 3.08-6.72] for intracranial haemorrhage vs 1.47 [1.19-1.80] for ischaem

106 The prevalence of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage was higher in the alteplase gro

107 e each of osmotic demyelination syndrome and intracranial haemorrhage).

108 endpoints included the rates of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, device-related complications,

109 mes despite an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage.

110 The key safety outcome was any intracranial haemorrhage.

111 ty or death (mRS score 4-6), and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage.

112 One treatment-related death was reported (intracranial hematoma).

113 a lower rate of gastrointestinal bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage (12.9 per 1000 person-years) com

114 I, -2.5 to 0.7]; P = .29), or progression of intracranial hemorrhage (16% vs 20%; difference, -5.4% [

115 xic-ischemic brain injury (44%), followed by intracranial hemorrhage (24%), and ischemic infarct (16%

116 of seizures (1.1%), ischemic stroke (1.9%), intracranial hemorrhage (3.5%), and brain death (1.6%).

117 .7% [95% CI, -5.6% to 11.0%]) or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (7 [4.7%] vs 2 [1.3%]; unadjuste

118 had a higher unadjusted risk for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (7.7% versus 4.8%) and in-hospit

119 1.26; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.46; p = 0.0017) and intracranial hemorrhage (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.59;

120 neutralize their anticoagulant effects after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).

121 = 0.76), but was associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.77-5.11;

122 es, EVT was associated with high symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (24%) and mortality (53%)

123 of IVT/mechanical thrombectomy, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and favorable outcome (m

124 Primary effectiveness outcome was intracranial hemorrhage expansion greater than or equal

125 ance in the differentiation of small foci of intracranial hemorrhage from calcium and improved diagno

126 y CT in the differentiation of small foci of intracranial hemorrhage from calcium.

127 associated with higher rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in M2 occlusions only (OR = 4.40

128 % of those in the control group; symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 4.5% of the patients

129 Asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 51.4% of the patient

130 resenting history and documented evidence of intracranial hemorrhage on cerebral CT scan were include

131 (not shown) were normal, with no evidence of intracranial hemorrhage or edema.

132 (not shown) were normal, with no evidence of intracranial hemorrhage or edema.Her subsequent hospital

133 he primary safety outcome was a composite of intracranial hemorrhage or gastrointestinal bleeding.

134 und Diagnostic uncertainty in CT of possible intracranial hemorrhage requires short-interval follow-u

135 me epochs, the elevated risk for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was seen only within the first 1

136 membrane oxygenation patients, the rates of intracranial hemorrhage were similar between venoarteria

137 rological improvement at 3 days; symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 36 hours; and all-cause d

138 unctional outcome, lower odds of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and lower odds of requirement f

139 hemorrhage (20%) was the most common type of intracranial hemorrhage, followed by intracerebral hemor

140 o disability] to 30 [death]), progression of intracranial hemorrhage, incidence of seizures, and inci

141 ted with important neurologic complications: intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and/or brain d

142 tions, defined as seizures, ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, or brain death.Measurements and

143 in the rates of retinopathy of prematurity, intracranial hemorrhage, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolit

144 sed risks of hospitalization for bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage.

145 ose an experimental setup that simulates the intracranial hydrodynamics of a pneumocephalus patient d

146 -MS disease controls, PHOMS were observed in intracranial hypertension (62%), optic disc drusen (47%)

147 Assessment of combined impact of intracranial hypertension (ICH) and obstructive sleep ap

148 umor cerebri (PTC-T) and those of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) are absent in the litera

149 retinal changes in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) using fundus photography

150 Decompressive craniectomy prevents intracranial hypertension but does not clearly improve p

151 nnot be identified (also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension), and secondary pseudotumor ce

152 re, deep vein thrombosis, and uncontrollable intracranial hypertension.

153 dure for the management of swollen brain and intracranial hypertension.

154 ing optic disc oedema that resemble signs of intracranial hypertension.

155 Intracranial (i.c.) infection of susceptible C57BL/6 mic

156 substantial suppression of tumor growth upon intracranial implantation, as well as significantly redu

157 Finally, intracranial infection of ZIKV in APP-null neonatal mice

158 ted MHV strain, here we investigated whether intracranial injection of this strain can induce optic n

159 vivo, mice administered with EcoHIV through intracranial injection resulted in upregulation of infla

160 Derivative cell lines generated by serial intracranial injections acquire selectively increased pr

161 illary acidic protein (GFAP) correlates with intracranial injury visible on CT scan.

162 asculature such as branching of the internal intracranial internal carotid artery and the basilar art

163 rial beds with the highest prevalence in the intracranial internal carotid artery.

164 with ischemic stroke due to occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid, \basilar, or middle cereb

165 Intracranial large and small arterial calcifications are

166 disease at initial cancer diagnosis, target intracranial lesions with precision during treatment and

167 years with TBI and low/intermediate risk of intracranial lesions, even when they have linear skull f

168 of these studies showed acute posttraumatic intracranial lesions.

169 ion of cortical microcircuit contribution to intracranial local field potentials and EEG.

170 rting the concept that glymphatic influx and intracranial lymphatic drainage are interconnected.

171 ult zebrafish to determine whether and where intracranial lymphatic vessels are present.

172 ence of stereotactic radiosurgery-associated intracranial malignancy, including malignant transformat

173 considered a case of radiosurgery-associated intracranial malignancy, resulting in an incidence of 6.

174 ars (0.11-11.17) for radiosurgery-associated intracranial malignancy.

175 We identify time cells in humans using intracranial microelectrode recordings obtained from 27

176 b area (RFA), hindlimb (HL) cortex (based on intracranial microstimulation), or their bordering regio

177 uitary tumors, which represent 10-20% of all intracranial neoplasms in humans.

178 dental meningiomas (IMs) are the most common intracranial neoplasms, especially in perimenopausal wom

179 giomas are the most common primary non-glial intracranial neoplasms.

180 vity to palatable food rewards and increased intracranial nicotine self-administration at high doses.

181 Confirmed intracranial objective response rate (ORR-IC) was evalua

182 2 public hospitals, patients with a proximal intracranial occlusion in the anterior circulation that

183 atus (p<.0001), seizures (p=.0005), elevated intracranial opening pressure (p=.03), higher CSF white

184 included toxicity, response rate and time to intracranial or extracranial disease progression.

185 ns about the pathophysiology of headaches of intracranial origin.

186 Therefore, when using intracranial patient-derived xenograft (PDX) approaches,

187 ent-reported symptoms, with no difference in intracranial PFS and OS, and should be considered a stan

188 ent arms did not differ significantly in OS, intracranial PFS, or toxicity.

189 Persistently elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) above upright values is a su

190 at uses near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or intracranial pressure (ICP) decreases index variability

191 es the effects of aircraft cabin pressure on intracranial pressure (ICP) elevation of a pneumocephalu

192 c function in TBI, we examined how increased intracranial pressure (ICP) influences the meningeal lym

193 P) is a well-known risk factor for glaucoma, intracranial pressure (ICP) is attracting heightened int

194 An elevation in intracranial pressure (ICP) lowers conventional outflow

195 Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring forms an integral

196 culous meningitis (TBM) often lead to raised intracranial pressure (ICP) resulting in high morbidity

197 venous transmission of pressure and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), could explain these finding

198 tomy (DC) is often required to manage rising intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury (TBI)

199 I) causes brain edema that induces increased intracranial pressure and decreased cerebral perfusion.

200 screening test for the detection of elevated intracranial pressure and prediction of intracranial pre

201 Chronic exposure to elevated intracranial pressure during spaceflight is hypothesized

202 asured optic nerve sheath diameter to detect intracranial pressure greater than 22 mm Hg was 0.81 (0.

203 hest measured optic disc elevation to detect intracranial pressure greater than 22 mm Hg was 0.84 (0.

204 ranial pressure, with test-positivity set at intracranial pressure greater than 22 mm Hg.

205 2% (48-98%) and specificity 79% (70-86%) for intracranial pressure greater than 22 mm Hg.

206 was associated with increased mortality for intracranial pressure greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg

207 Direct assessment of intracranial pressure in space is required to verify the

208 ure is applied in the brain to represent the intracranial pressure loading caused by the tissue swell

209 ume of the brain tissue as a function of the intracranial pressure loading under a specific geometry

210 Intracranial pressure monitoring plays a critical role i

211 In the patient subgroup with intracranial pressure monitoring, prolonged time spent i

212 raniectomy and external ventricular draining/intracranial pressure monitoring.

213 IIH is a condition of raised intracranial pressure of unknown cause, usually observed

214 PHOMS in MS is due to intermittently raised intracranial pressure or an otherwise impaired "glymphat

215 Of 21,954 intracranial pressure readings, median interquartile ran

216 bri is a disorder characterized by increased intracranial pressure that predominantly affects obese y

217 ated intracranial pressure and prediction of intracranial pressure treatment intensity.

218 In the present study, intracranial pressure was estimated non-invasively (nICP

219 f heart rate responses to acute increases in intracranial pressure was not affected by Cx43 deficienc

220 , statistically significant correlation with intracranial pressure, a predetermined level of diagnost

221 erwent monitoring with brain oxygen tension, intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, mean

222 ears promising for the detection of elevated intracranial pressure, however, verification from larger

223 ference standard was the concurrent invasive intracranial pressure, with test-positivity set at intra

224 tion spaceflight rarely increased postflight intracranial pressure.

225 rds for non-resorbable devices by monitoring intracranial pressures in rats for 25 days.

226 iteria were: history of dementia, cardiac or intracranial procedure, inability to consent for themsel

227 capecitabine doubled ORR-IC, reduced risk of intracranial progression or death by two thirds, and red

228 The risk of intracranial progression or death was reduced by 68% in

229 CNS-PFS (intracranial progression or death) and overall survival

230 y end points included overall survival (OS), intracranial progression-free survival (PFS), toxicity,

231 Jointly, intracranial recording studies are starting to reveal as

232 An adequate duration of intracranial recording-ideally at least 12 sequential ho

233 d MTL from patients with epilepsy undergoing intracranial recordings and participating in a goal-conf

234 Here we use intracranial recordings from 30 pre-surgical epilepsy pa

235 We obtain intracranial recordings in 37 patients using depth probe

236 across the human temporal cortex (TC) using intracranial recordings in eight participants.

237 n using naturalistic audiovisual speech with intracranial recordings in humans of both sexes, we find

238 ication occur in humans, we performed direct intracranial recordings, in a large cohort of patients (

239 , we infer neuronal timescales from invasive intracranial recordings.

240 e EPILEPSIAE project that includes scalp and intracranial recordings.

241 , alone or in combination, yield a number of intracranial responses in patients with HER2-positive br

242 Five studies evaluating intracranial retention of gadolinium after gadoxetic aci

243 To further explore reward deficits we used intracranial self-administration (ICSA) by directly inje

244 Finally, we used electrical and optogenetic intracranial self-stimulation (eICSS, oICSS) paradigms t

245 effects using a locomotor activity assay, an intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure, and a co

246 ibition of SNr GABA neurons produced optical intracranial self-stimulation and place preference.

247 ion of these neurons produced robust optical intracranial self-stimulation in DAT-Cre mice, supportin

248 d in adult male rats using social defeat and intracranial self-stimulation, while changes in serotone

249 Examine the intracranial space of larval, juvenile, and adult zebraf

250 ed risk of ischaemic stroke compared with no intracranial stenosis (adjusted hazard ratio 1.43, 95% C

251 e the HR was 0.63 (95% CI 0.27-1.46) and for intracranial stenosis alone it was 1.06 (0.46-2.42; p(in

252 sessed the age-specific prevalence of 50-99% intracranial stenosis and the associated stroke risk of

253 Although symptomatic intracranial stenosis conveyed an increased risk of isch

254 ce, predictors, and prognosis of symptomatic intracranial stenosis in a population-based cohort of pa

255 The prevalence of symptomatic 50-99% intracranial stenosis increased from 29 (4.9%) of 596 at

256 The prevalence of 50-99% symptomatic intracranial stenosis increases steeply with age in pred

257 n intensive medical treatment of symptomatic intracranial stenosis is consistent with the two previou

258 PRIS and VISSIT) did not show superiority of intracranial stenosis stenting over intensive medical ma

259 c stroke in patients with 70-99% symptomatic intracranial stenosis tended to be less than those repor

260 eriprocedural stroke or death was higher for intracranial stenosis than for extracranial stenosis (te

261 Symptomatic intracranial stenosis was perceived to convey a high ris

262 Of 94 patients with 50-99% symptomatic intracranial stenosis, 14 (14.9%) had recurrent strokes

263 ) had 385 50-99% symptomatic or asymptomatic intracranial stenosis.

264 in resistance, and best medical treatment of intracranial stenosis.

265 a patient with focal epilepsy, simultaneous intracranial stereoencephalography recordings from acros

266 Eleven intracranial structures were manually annotated on the a

267 mage-guided procedure that is able to ablate intracranial tissue with submillimetre precision.

268 usly via retro-orbital vein injection or via intracranial transplantation can ameliorate cognitive de

269 IM59 activity that results in suppression of intracranial tumor growth.

270 were detected from different regions of the intracranial tumor model.

271 Brain metastases are the most common intracranial tumors in adults and are associated with in

272 Definitive diagnosis of intracranial tumors relies on tissue specimens obtained

273 t and accurately discriminate common primary intracranial tumors that share cell-of-origin lineages a

274 Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors, but the molecular drivers of mening

275 ion of growth and migration in GBM cells and intracranial tumors.

276 th cancer and represents the majority of all intracranial tumors.

277 c radiosurgery modality for the treatment of intracranial tumours, and its use has been expanded for

278 l treatment without stenting, and those with intracranial vascular imaging were analysed in our study

279 Of 1368 eligible patients with intracranial vascular imaging, 241 (17.6%) had 385 50-99

280 rs (hypertension, history of brain trauma or intracranial vascular malformations).

281 Finally, intracranial ventricular injection of G418 in Mecp2R294X

282 ated with a higher number and enhancement of intracranial vessel wall lesions at 7-T MRI in individua

283 Parallel experiments with direct intracranial virus infection generated similar results.

284 ontrol group, the 22q11DS group showed lower intracranial volume (ICV) and thalamus, putamen, hippoca

285 ese studies have not formally normalized for intracranial volume (ICV), which is especially important

286 sonance imaging (3T, FLAIR) and adjusted for intracranial volume (ICV).

287 Total intracranial volume and global measures of cortical thic

288 ADHD-specific intracranial volume and hippocampal differences in child

289 se-response associations with copy number on intracranial volume and on regional caudate, pallidum an

290 st surgery pneumocephalus (0.07%: %Delta for intracranial volume between first and second surgery).

291 models adjusting for age, sex, and site (and intracranial volume for subcortical and surface area mea

292 4 surface area, lateral ventricles and total intracranial volume measures separately in 952 male and

293 n and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller intracranial volume than control subjects and those with

294 lume (decrease of 0.16 in Z-score per -1% of intracranial volume, 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.29;

295 most relevant predictors of GMV adjusted for intracranial volume.

296 nse substantia nigra volumetry normalized to intracranial volume.

297 ome measures were corrected for age, sex and intracranial volume.

298 for age, sex, CD4 nadir, drug use and total intracranial volume.

299 icrogravity by measuring combined changes in intracranial volumetric parameters, pituitary morphologi

300 Intracranial volumetry and aqueductal CSF hydrodynamics