ライフサイエンスコーパス: intraocular

1 ists clearance from blinking, increasing the intraocular absorption of hydrophilic and hydrophobic dr

2 terior ocular structures compared with other intraocular and periocular injection procedures.

3 adjusted for age, sex, height, axial length, intraocular and systemic blood pressure, and within-pers

4 -related attributes on safety or efficacy of intraocular antibody products.

5 Intraocular biopsy samples were cultured by standard met

6 pital admission was associated with a higher intraocular culture positivity (P = 0.040) and a shorter

7 Intraocular culture positivity was 28.6% overall but was

8 inflammation that necessitated obtaining an intraocular culture sample and injection of intravitreal

9 Corneal and intraocular cultures showed positive results in 66.7% an

10 o an independent patient cohort suggest that intraocular cytokine analysis by logistic regression may

11 OCT imaging biomarkers correlated with both intraocular cytokines and responsiveness to anti-VEGF th

12 taract surgery, all ocular surface diseases, intraocular diseases, trauma or surgery were exclusion c

13 eye injuries were open-globe injury without intraocular foreign body (3201/5719 [56%]).

14 D (28%), vitreous traction without RD (11%), intraocular foreign body (5%), and endophthalmitis (3%).

15 first time that the relationship between an intraocular gas bubble and contact with the retina has b

16 ure accounted for 5 cases (3.50%), incorrect intraocular gas concentration accounted for 4 cases (2.8

17 n the first postoperative day, the volume of intraocular gas fill was estimated separately by 2 surge

18 This anchoring molecule increased the intraocular half-life of bevacizumab from 5.8 days to ov

19 -specific in vivo bioluminescence to measure intraocular immune cell population dynamics during the c

20 cence accurately detects changes in multiple intraocular immune cell populations over time in experim

21 AG, analyzed investigator-reported cases of intraocular inflammation (IOI), endophthalmitis, and ret

22 described a spectrum of uncommon findings of intraocular inflammation (IOI), retinal vasculitis, or r

23 riteria of chorioretinal lesion location and intraocular inflammation and identified 2 distinct pheno

24 vivo, inhibition of IRE1alpha diminished the intraocular inflammation and reduced PMN infiltration in

25 rt of eyes identified peripheral lesions and intraocular inflammation as distinct clinical phenotypes

26 ty profile, except for a higher frequency of intraocular inflammation in the HD combo group.

27 There is no intraocular inflammation or retinal toxicity.

28 sis of endophthalmitis was defined as severe intraocular inflammation that necessitated obtaining an

29 Through week 52, the incidence of intraocular inflammation was 1.0%, 7.5%, 2.1%, 2.1%, and

30 From these 8 patients, 5 presented with intraocular inflammation, 2 with ocular surface disease,

31 Intraocular inflammation, best-corrected visual acuity (

32 nce of infection or other clear etiology for intraocular inflammation.

33 All patients showed intraocular inflammation: 24% with only vitritis, 16% wi

34 Autoimmune uveitis is a sight-threatening intraocular inflammatory disease.

35 In addition, intraocular injection of ManN induces retinal neovascula

36 patient acceptance and lower morbidity than intraocular injection, but many ophthalmic treatments ar

37 ing high treatment burden requiring repeated intraocular injections for persistent disease.

38 essed the capability of extraocular (EO) and intraocular (IO) pressure transducers, using different I

39 As cataract surgery has evolved, intraocular lens (IOL) complications are rare.

40 We compared rates of intraocular lens (IOL) decentration, neodymium-doped ytt

41 PCO) after cataract surgery is influenced by intraocular lens (IOL) design and material.

42 ulotomy rate (%) of eight rigid and foldable intraocular lens (IOL) designs in a series of 5416 pseud

43 s; multifocal (diffractive optic) and phakic intraocular lens (IOL) dysphotopsia were excluded.

44 ety can be improved by intraoperative use of intraocular lens (IOL) for cataract phacoemulsification.

45 Patients undergoing cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for senile cataracts

46 ong-term outcomes of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with uveitis

47 k of visual axis opacity (VAO) after primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in infancy are neces

48 eated using FLACS, capsular tension ring and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

49 been overwhelmed by the influx of multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) options in recent years, with clo

50 t bilateral cataract surgery with or without intraocular lens (IOL) placement at age 7 to 24 months w

51 t bilateral cataract surgery with or without intraocular lens (IOL) placement during IATS enrollment

52 organized system to quantify the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas, metho

53 Intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations are less accur

54 aract surgery is influenced by the choice of intraocular lens (IOL) power formula and the accuracy of

55 functional outcomes after combined iris and intraocular lens (IOL) repair in aniridia patients.

56 The intraocular lens (IOL) selection process for patients re

57 The future of intraocular lens (IOL) technology has already begun with

58 A multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted in 84.3% of eyes; 1

59 treated vs fellow eye, contact lens (CL) vs intraocular lens (IOL), visual acuity (VA) outcome, and

60 1), but not in eyes with a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL).

61 Intraocular lens complications are uncommon with modern

62 Intraocular lens decentrations and dislocations can appe

63 Patient was diagnosed with late intraocular lens dislocation, which was subsequently for

64 ibility of zonular dehiscence and subsequent intraocular lens dislocation.

65 No intraocular lens exchange was required.

66 stent with a hypermetrope (21.67 mm) and the intraocular lens exchange was successful in correcting t

67 Inaccurate biometry can lead to the wrong intraocular lens implantation and result in refractive s

68 l implantation after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation appealed to the clinic.

69 Initial intraocular lens implantation was not commonly performed

70 ng cataract surgery (cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation), of which 33 cases (34.7%

71 dable IOP sensor in a single procedure after intraocular lens implantation.

72 lenses, and one eye had a posterior chamber intraocular lens in the capsular bag, with a capsular te

73 tremely long eyes implanted with a low power intraocular lens indicated that predicted RE was signifi

74 he patient underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens insertion using the provided biometry c

75 Intraocular lens opacifications such as glistenings rare

76 this complication when evaluating secondary intraocular lens options.

77 ants responding "never" to question 1 of the Intraocular Lens Satisfaction questionnaire (regarding f

78 Monovision with bilateral bifocal multifocal intraocular lens was safe and provided satisfactory visi

79 However, the intraocular lens was successfully captured because of a

80 ateral implantation of a bifocal diffractive intraocular lens with monovision.

81 with bilateral emmetropic bifocal multifocal intraocular lens, it provided better vision at intermedi

82 nge with bilateral implantation of the ZMB00 intraocular lens, with the dominant eye and nondominant

83 coemulsification and insertion of an acrylic intraocular lens.

84 al outcome of patients with misaligned toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) after operative realignment, w

85 Because toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) are available, the current sta

86 This article provides an overview of intraocular lenses (IOLs) currently used in cataract sur

87 Intraocular lenses (IOLs) with plate-haptic, c-loop hapt

88 Eyes were randomized to either 1- or 3-piece intraocular lenses (IOLs).

89 Scleral-sutured MX60 intraocular lenses can experience intraoperative or post

90 Intraocular lenses with 0 SA on average best match corne

91 Intraocular lenses with negative spherical aberration (S

92 Three eyes had sclerally-fixated intraocular lenses, and one eye had a posterior chamber

93 This study provides novel data on intraocular LTB(4) and C5a in EAU, their associated rece

94 s use has been expanded for the treatment of intraocular malignancies.

95 eal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults.

96 wed ocular (i.e., anterior visual pathway or intraocular) manifestations; presenting median visual ac

97 Intraocular medulloepithelioma is commonly treated with

98 Diagnosis of intraocular medulloepithelioma with no extraocular invas

99 outcomes of patients with uveal melanomas or intraocular metastases treated primarily with gamma knif

100 on 1010 patients with uveal melanoma and 34 intraocular metastases, were eligible for systematic rev

101 imary method of treating uveal melanomas and intraocular metastases, with reliable tumour control rat

102 mber of unusual characteristics: it inhibits intraocular myelination, enables postnatal ON myelinatio

103 tibody panels of morphologically challenging intraocular neoplasms.

104 ing vitrectomy suggests an alteration of the intraocular oxidant-antioxidant balance.

105 form of sunitinib, was shown to have higher intraocular penetration through transscleral diffusion f

106 The median duration of intraocular PFCL retainment was 14 days before gas or si

107 All NGON patients with intraocular pressure >21 mm Hg, narrow drainage angles,

108 beculectomy showed a significant decrease in intraocular pressure (-9.2 mmHg, p<.001) when compared t

109 embrane (13.2%), glaucoma (11.3%), increased intraocular pressure (8.5%), and severe inflammation (6.

110 umulative failure of the AADI was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) >18 mm Hg or not reduced by 3

111 me was time until device failure, defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mmHg or a reduction <20%,

112 month surgical failure, which was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mmHg with medications or

113 ere categorized by percentage of visits with intraocular pressure (IOP) <18 mmHg or by average IOP.

114 te success at 9 months, which was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) <=18, 15 or 12 mmHg without t

115 ere identified, and data of patients who had intraocular pressure (IOP) <=21 mm Hg at 6 weeks (ie, th

116 Cumulative success at 2 years was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) <=21 mm Hg or reduced by >=20

117 outcome measure was success rate, defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) <=21 mm Hg with a minimum of

118 glaucoma, 12-month follow-up, and medicated intraocular pressure (IOP) <=36 mmHg on <=4 medications

119 Glaucomatous eyes with an intraocular pressure (IOP) above target and/or progressi

120 s, time to reinjections, visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and central retinal thickness

121 Visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and complications associated

122 he eye tissue responsible for maintenance of intraocular pressure (IOP) and development of Glaucoma.

123 association of habitual caffeine intake with intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma and whether gene

124 We measured treatment effect as reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) and mean medication use and e

125 Outcome measures included intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of antiglaucoma me

126 ed by an open anterior chamber angle, raised intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic nerve damage leadin

127 ecular meshwork (TM) damage and elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) are poorly understood.

128 icroelectronic sensor that measures habitual intraocular pressure (IOP) at any given time and promise

129 Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6 and 21 mmHg (criter

130 Chronic elevations in intraocular pressure (IOP) can cause blindness by compro

131 Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) causes retinal ganglion cell

132 g aqueous outflow from the eye, resulting in intraocular pressure (IOP) changes that are variable in

133 perative hypertensive phase and on long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) control after Ahmed glaucoma

134 sual symptoms, (3) treatment burden, and (4) intraocular pressure (IOP) control, but unlike patients

135 were excluded if LTP laterality or baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) could not be determined.

136 Adjustment for intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation during follow-up on

137 Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations may occur in early

138 ME, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraocular pressure (IOP) events over 24 weeks.

139 The primary outcome was reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) from baseline.

140 Failure was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21 mmHg or IOP r

141 a complex tissue responsible for maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) homeostasis.

142 acoemulsification has been linked to lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma, oc

143 oplasty (SLT) is a common procedure to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma.

144 f cataract surgery by phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with medically PO

145 ce of automated visual field (VF) testing on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hyper

146 each active component, in reducing elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle g

147 Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for th

148 While intraocular pressure (IOP) is a well-known risk factor f

149 An elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered to be the main

150 Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) less than or equal to 24 mm H

151 Main outcome measures were postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) level and secondary measures

152 fectiveness of various glaucoma surgeries on intraocular pressure (IOP) management in ARS.

153 lved, among other procedures, VF testing and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement at 11 scheduled v

154 performed, including indentation gonioscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, optic disc exami

155 Central corneal thickness influences intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement.

156 Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) narrows Schlemm's canal (SC),

157 Surgical success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 5-20 mm Hg and no addition

158 was the rate of surgical failure, defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) of more than 21 mmHg or reduc

159 Eleven cases (2.6%) had an intraocular pressure (IOP) over 30 mm Hg at POD1.

160 Intraocular pressure (IOP) readings were obtained by Gol

161 within episcleral veins was correlated with intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and change in visua

162 Intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction prevents developmen

163 Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) represents a major risk facto

164 Icare(R) HOME allows intraocular pressure (IOP) sampling by the patient.

165 e of the second generation of an implantable intraocular pressure (IOP) sensor in patients with prima

166 Three intraocular pressure (IOP) success cutoffs were defined:

167 The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 14.88 +/- 3.34 (6-25) mmH

168 y outcome, whereas difference in the rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) was a secondary outcome.

169 er goniopuncture was done in cases where the intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated above 21 mmHg af

170 Intraocular pressure (IOP) was lowered surgically in 2 i

171 Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using a Goldmann

172 Success was defined as complete when intraocular pressure (IOP) was more than 5 mmHg and less

173 Intraocular pressure (IOP) was similar for both study gr

174 (PTM), total energy delivered, and baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) with success.

175 work (TM) is an ocular tissue that maintains intraocular pressure (IOP) within a physiologic range.

176 sted for confounding factors, including age, intraocular pressure (IOP), and choroidal thickness.

177 for gestational age, optic nerve appearance, intraocular pressure (IOP), and sequelae of prematurity.

178 Its stiffness, along with intraocular pressure (IOP), are linked to several pathol

179 Intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity

180 hart review; main outcome measures: anatomy, intraocular pressure (IOP), best visual acuity (BVA).

181 st follow-up were identified, including age, intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (C

182 istory, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), clinical presentation, eye c

183 is a system for the continual monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP), composed of an intraocular s

184 on, slit-lamp examination, optical biometry, intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell count and p

185 Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), extent of angle treated, pos

186 timal approach for continuous measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP), including pressure transduce

187 The effects of postinjection elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP), injection frequency, and num

188 retrospective study the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fiber layer (R

189 Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), survival of corneal grafts,

190 The intraocular pressure (IOP), the active substances of the

191 d control eyes were similar in terms of mean intraocular pressure (IOP), the proportion of eyes meeti

192 ve clinical data, outcome measures including intraocular pressure (IOP), use of glaucoma medications,

193 y uncontrolled glaucoma as indicated by high intraocular pressure (IOP), worsening visual field, or o

194 ubsequent metabolic studies characterized an intraocular pressure (IOP)-dependent decline in retinal

195 ies associated with aging and sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP).

196 nal outflow function, the prime regulator of intraocular pressure (IOP).

197 Primary outcome measure was intraocular pressure (IOP).

198 topical steroids which in turn may increase intraocular pressure (IOP).

199 flow facility correlates with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP).

200 Corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) was measured with the Ocula

201 40; 95% CI, 1.36-4.23;P = 0.003), and higher intraocular pressure (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09;P = 0.

202 idence of the hypertensive phase (defined as intraocular pressure [IOP] >21 mmHg during the first 3 p

203 Quantitative clinical measures (intraocular pressure [IOP], central corneal thickness [C

204 eview of culture results, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure also was performed for patients wit

205 Intraocular pressure and glaucoma medications were also

206 Intraocular pressure and ICP were recorded simultaneousl

207 Intraocular pressure and medication data were recorded a

208 n active storage machine (ASM) that restores intraocular pressure and medium renewal.

209 ed with older age, Russian ethnicity, higher intraocular pressure and open-angle glaucoma.

210 l role in shaping the cornea with respect to intraocular pressure and physical interventions.

211 sion was comparable to that observed between intraocular pressure and structural progression (OR, 1.3

212 y to enhance ocular fluid outflow and reduce intraocular pressure as a treatment for glaucoma, one of

213 Intraocular pressure before SLT was 21.9+/-5.2 mmHg whil

214 s macaque monkey model following increase in intraocular pressure by an intravitreal injection.

215 TM) physiological role is to maintain normal intraocular pressure by regulating aqueous humor outflow

216 of internal drainage (widefield viewing and intraocular pressure control using continuous anterior c

217 tions are a common method of achieving early intraocular pressure control with ligated glaucoma drain

218 months later was performed for uncontrolled intraocular pressure despite antihypertensive drugs comb

219 Intraocular pressure during follow-up significantly affe

220 Intraocular pressure elevation of more than 25 mmHg was

221 ed to the stressed projection in response to intraocular pressure elevation.

222 To prevent daily fluctuations in intraocular pressure for vulnerable glaucoma patients, i

223 Increases in intraocular pressure from IVI have the potential to affe

224 The story of physicians' attempts to assess intraocular pressure goes back many centuries.

225 laucoma surgery have been developed to lower intraocular pressure in a less invasive manner than trad

226 ous solubility with therapeutic reduction of intraocular pressure in murine glaucoma models.

227 We elevated intraocular pressure in one eye and determined how astro

228 cts up to 4.2 mm in diameter which generated intraocular pressure levels exceeding 1500 mmHg.

229 rgoing laser cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) for intraocular pressure lowering experienced these adverse

230 Intraocular pressure measurements between standard and a

231 lationships between corneal biomechanics and intraocular pressure measurements, which help elucidate

232 Intraocular pressure measures were obtained from Goldman

233 t 40 min after the injection, well after the intraocular pressure normalized, the retinal and chorioc

234 Corticosteroid-associated AEs of elevated intraocular pressure occurred in 11.5% and 15.6% of the

235 r perforation, and no significant changes in intraocular pressure occurred.

236 r AMD in the intervention eye, glaucoma with intraocular pressure of 25 mmHg or more, or other signif

237 nation, RE demonstrated light perception and intraocular pressure of 36 mmHg.

238 differences in the postoperative recovery of intraocular pressure or bleb morphology with or without

239 pertension and megalocornea due to increased intraocular pressure provoked by Valsalva maneuver.

240 , best-corrected distance visual acuity, and intraocular pressure raised no safety concerns.

241 ansduction properties that may contribute to intraocular pressure regulation in the vertebrate eye.

242 Intraocular pressure spike complication was defined as a

243 nosensitive tissue in the eye that regulates intraocular pressure through the control of aqueous humo

244 Its management currently focuses on lowering intraocular pressure to slow disease progression.

245 related to treatment, and events of elevated intraocular pressure trended higher in the active group.

246 lensectomy-trabeculotomy) with a controlled intraocular pressure under topical quadritherapy and a b

247 Intraocular pressure values were calculated from the dee

248 gery were defined as good or satisfactory if intraocular pressure was <=16.0 mm Hg under anesthesia w

249 The mean presenting intraocular pressure was 22.9 mmHg in POAG and 25.5 mmHg

250 The intraocular pressure was 28 mmHg, fundus exam revealed t

251 The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 30.8 +/- 6.9 mmHg with 3.5 +/-

252 Corneal-compensated intraocular pressure was associated most significantly w

253 ive eye examination including measurement of intraocular pressure was conducted on postoperative day

254 entral retinal artery was detected after the intraocular pressure was elevated to 98 and >= 99 mmHg f

255 Intraocular pressure was estimated by analyzing videos r

256 Intraocular pressure was maintained with an anterior cha

257 Intraocular pressure was measured at each clinical visit

258 Intraocular pressure was measured at hours 0 and 2 at ea

259 His intraocular pressure was normal.

260 Intraocular pressure was significantly associated with r

261 ent showed mild keratopathy and elevation of intraocular pressure with topical NSAID and steroid ther

262 o-disc ratio, central corneal thickness, and intraocular pressure) were included.

263 ient information including clinical (age and intraocular pressure), structural (cpRNFL thickness deri

264 Five eyes demonstrated elevated intraocular pressure, and 4 eyes demonstrated a retinal

265 oss, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma medications/surgeries

266 elial cell density, corneal thickness, haze, intraocular pressure, and visual function before and 12

267 ation showed unilaterally severely increased intraocular pressure, bilateral dense pigment deposition

268 nd dark adaptometer for mesopic conditions), intraocular pressure, endothelial cell density (ECD) and

269 After nominal return of intraocular pressure, focal defects in flow persisted, w

270 Sex, mean ocular perfusion pressure, intraocular pressure, mean deviation, and the quality sc

271 iated with decreased visual acuity, elevated intraocular pressure, or documentation of senolytic-rela

272 Acute increase in intraocular pressure, provoked by Valsalva maneuver is a

273 n a rabbit model of the disease achieving an intraocular pressure-lowering action comparable to the c

274 nds 11b-11d and 11g were evaluated for their intraocular pressure-lowering effects in a rabbit model

275 Intraocular pressure-sensitive retinal ganglion cell deg

276 r more incisional procedures to control high intraocular pressure.

277 procedures and devices that aim to decrease intraocular pressure.

278 (SC), for maintaining appropriate levels of intraocular pressure.

279 medication and treated to predefined target intraocular pressures (IOPs) requiring >=20% IOP reducti

280 m endophthalmitis was diagnosed following an intraocular procedure were recruited.

281 Unplanned intraocular reoperation occurred in 28% of first enrolle

282 The laterality of intraocular retinoblastoma and its treatment were not as

283 ndependence between the ages at diagnosis of intraocular retinoblastoma and pineal TRb.

284 r, sex, and stage according to International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification.

285 ther its onset is linked to the age at which intraocular retinoblastomas develop, and the lead time f

286 s and measurements: microbiological tests of intraocular samples included bacterial culturing of pedi

287 f intraocular pressure (IOP), composed of an intraocular sensor, and a hand-held reader device.

288 ence in the number of transient or permanent intraocular side effects between groups.

289 s [14.8%]), PPV (29 eyes [12.2%]), and other intraocular surgeries (20 eyes [8.4%]).

290 lation, represents a new material for use in intraocular surgery to ensure a clear operative field wi

291 IRR adjusted for intraocular surgery was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.7-1.1; P = 0.37)

292 Cystoid macular edema (CME) before intraocular surgery was not encountered.

293 a devastating, yet rare, complication after intraocular surgery, trauma, and systemic illness.

294 ational Organization for Standardization for intraocular surgery.

295 uals underwent implantation of an Eyemate-IO intraocular system.

296 (OCT-A) allows noninvasive visualization of intraocular tissues with high resolution.

297 diagnostic marker in a select group of adult intraocular tumors, and we highly recommend its inclusio

298 Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumour in adults and despite surgical or rad

299 apeutics has revolutionized the treatment of intraocular vascular diseases involving the retina and c

300 Here, we confirmed that intraocular VEGF antagonism induced retinal degeneration