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3 a limits thymocyte emigration, leading to an intrathymic accumulation of mature thymocytes within med
4 oth the generation of invariant TCRs and the intrathymic acquisition of effector functions were due t
8 opoiesis of aged mice improved with a single intrathymic administration of low-dose keratinocyte grow
16 rradiated Ly 5 congenic mice by quantitative intrathymic and intravenous bone marrow (BM) adoptive tr
18 thymocyte depletion was occurring through an intrathymic apoptosis mechanism, also prevented by admin
22 of T-cell development and the appearance of intrathymic B cells, phenotypes consistent with Notch1 i
24 vations demonstrate a specific inhibition of intrathymic B lymphopoiesis, which in turn may explain w
28 ) as their sole antigenic disparity and that intrathymic but not i.v. inoculation of TS1 mice with S1
29 s also been implicated in the development of intrathymic, but not extrathymic, intestinal intraepithe
32 c transcription factor Thpok is required for intrathymic CD4(+) T cell differentiation and, together
33 CD40L, with analysis of distinct subsets of intrathymic CD4(+) T cells revealing a differential cont
36 antigen presentation and the coordination of intrathymic cell migration: for example, major histocomp
38 only marker on emigrants not found on either intrathymic cells or mature spleen T cells was CTLA-4, w
39 cellular expansion to ensure that sufficient intrathymic cellular niches are available to support the
41 ance of regulatory mechanisms in addition to intrathymic clonal deletion for the maintenance of toler
42 ion declines, and is most likely mediated by intrathymic clonal deletion of T cells that recognize an
43 tive T-cell elimination, alloreactive T-cell intrathymic clonal deletion, and suppressor T-cell induc
46 nt on the functional outcomes imposed by the intrathymic constraints of differentiation and self-tole
49 hymocytes, but it is subsequent signaling by intrathymic cytokines that specifies CD8 lineage choice
50 d the development of autoreactive T cells by intrathymic deletion and protected the mice from the dev
51 h the avidity of the interaction involved in intrathymic deletion is significantly lower than that in
52 transplantation antigens is achieved through intrathymic deletion of donor-reactive T cells in mixed
54 d by a xenogeneic MHC, as well as incomplete intrathymic deletion of thymocytes recognizing host tiss
58 T cell development, only one contributed to intrathymic dendritic cell (DC) differentiation, predomi
59 thymocytopoiesis is accompanied by a wave of intrathymic dendritic cell formation, these coordinated
60 ce by regulating the frequency and makeup of intrathymic dendritic cells (DCs) required for effective
61 ially, we examined whether AHR activation in intrathymic dendritic cells could mediate TCDD-induced t
63 he enhanced reconstitution capacity of these intrathymic-derived ETPs was corroborated by their signi
65 transcription factors, is essential for the intrathymic development of CD4+ T cells and for the diff
67 sly unknown function of costimulation in the intrathymic development of iNKT cells, distinct from tha
69 MHC class II interaction(s) required for the intrathymic development of long-lived CD4(+) SP cells oc
71 vities of specific genomic loci during early intrathymic development to establish T cell lineage iden
75 a mystery, particularly given the rigors of intrathymic developmental checkpoints, successfully trav
78 ased overall thymic cellularity and impaired intrathymic differentiation at the CD4(-)CD8(-)CD44(+)CD
79 he signal pathways that activate them during intrathymic differentiation from pluripotent precursors.
80 on factors GATA-3 and ThPOK are required for intrathymic differentiation of CD4(+) T cells, but their
81 ly received much attention, but the earliest intrathymic differentiation steps in adult mice have rem
87 total lymphoid irradiation and perithymic or intrathymic donor-specific BM induced tolerance to renal
88 d examines why autoantibodies after a single intrathymic drug injection were much more limited in iso
89 anscription in vivo reduced the frequency of intrathymic early T cell progenitors (ETP), but not CTP,
90 ive, c-kit high progenitor cells differ from intrathymic early T cell progenitors (ETPs) by functiona
91 ulatory T (T(reg)) cell lineage is driven by intrathymic encounter of agonist self-antigens in a simi
93 , but exerts its influence on the subsequent intrathymic expansion and differentiation of iNKT cells.
94 ZF-deficient NKT cells failed to undergo the intrathymic expansion and effector differentiation that
95 dependent, active regulatory mechanism after intrathymic exposure to donor-specific alloantigen and d
96 e show that LTbetaR differentially regulates intrathymic expression of adhesion molecules known to pl
100 -deficient (Tnfrsf11b(-/-)) mice impacts the intrathymic Foxp3(+) Treg pool by enhancing peripheral T
104 c medulla plays an important role during the intrathymic generation of distinct alphabetaT-cell subty
105 atal periods, the medulla is involved in the intrathymic generation of multiple alphabetaT cell linea
106 use models that GVHD results in depletion of intrathymic group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) necess
107 us in this model, we examined the effects of intrathymic (i.t.) injection of P5-primed alloreactive T
109 nitial studies we demonstrated that abundant intrathymic IL-12 synthesis occurs during OVA peptide-in
110 mice, and it is hypothesized that decreased intrathymic IL-7 is involved in age-related thymic invol
112 KGF treatment caused increased production of intrathymic IL-7, and the thymopoietic effects of KGF re
114 B7 T-cell co-stimulation in conjunction with intrathymic immunomodulation on cellular and humoral imm
115 gen, RT.1Aa, we previously demonstrated that intrathymic immunomodulation with donor antigens resulte
117 lf-antigen, whereas increasing CS content by intrathymic injection inhibited thymic selection, indica
119 protein tyrosine kinase, ZAP-70, with direct intrathymic injection of a ZAP-70-expressing T cell-spec
121 This hypothesis is based on the finding that intrathymic injection of allopeptides in the adult anima
122 1a) donors were pretreated (day -14) with an intrathymic injection of alpha(1h)l58-80-RT1.Aa, alpha(1
124 wk-old mice developed thymic chimerism after intrathymic injection of BM cells, and that the levels o
127 of T cells to alloantigen can be induced by intrathymic injection of donor-specific antigen in small
128 estine, a pattern of migration visualized by intrathymic injection of FITC and subsequent accrual of
132 T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity following intrathymic injection of progenitor cells harboring a tr
134 ins, and NK1.1(+) cells can be obtained upon intrathymic injection of sorted PLZF(+) cells, thus indi
140 In conclusion, mTEC specialization controls intrathymic iNKT cell development and function, and dete
141 Collectively, our findings demonstrate that intrathymic iNKT cell development requires stepwise inte
143 imed thymic DCs isolated from ACI rats given intrathymic inoculation of P5 for 2 days were capable of
145 d reliably in experimental animals following intrathymic inoculation with the relevant donor strain A
146 of studies, we showed that intravenous-like intrathymic-inoculation of in vitro P5-pulsed host myelo
147 ss of thymic ILC3s resulted in deficiency of intrathymic interleukin-22 (IL-22) compared with transpl
148 KGF induced increased numbers of TECs and intrathymic interleukin-7 (IL-7) production and reorgani
149 ted in rodents, and more significantly, such intrathymic islet allografts have been shown to induce r
151 nine thymus and establish the feasibility of intrathymic islet transplantation in a phylogenetically
153 parenchymal fibrosis; isograft controls and intrathymic (IT) animals failed to develop this lesion.
155 e this hypothesis, we studied the effects of intrathymic (IT) injection of a single immunodominant Wi
161 Importantly, FGF21 overexpression reduced intrathymic lipid, increased perithymic brown adipose ti
163 inguished by their TCR-signaling pattern and intrathymic location and provide a framework for underst
165 re CD8(lo)CD4(hi) cells could complete their intrathymic maturation and populate the peripheral lymph
167 n of the mouse gimap5 gene impairs the final intrathymic maturation of CD8 and CD4 T cells and compro
170 d, the premature TCR alpha beta contact with intrathymic MHC molecules further pronounces the block i
171 e phenotypic changes, calcium signaling, and intrathymic migration in a synchronized cohort of MHC cl
174 tional knockout mice do not have a defect in intrathymic migration, thymic egress, T cell survival, o
176 e 6th fraction permitted perithymic (n=4) or intrathymic (n=4) injection of donor bone marrow (BM) or
177 es of autoeffector T cells that have escaped intrathymic negative selection for self-MHC class II Ag
178 Despite the demonstration of functional intrathymic negative selection in I-A(12%) mice, transfe
181 lobes; gate opening occurred only after most intrathymic niches for prothymocytes had emptied; and th
182 iment as being the result of competition for intrathymic niches specifically supporting the DN3 stage
183 by the thymus; 3) competitive antagonism for intrathymic niches; 4) temporally linked generation of t
185 nown NKT regulators, CYLD is dispensable for intrathymic NKT cell maturation but is obligatory for th
188 that chromatin-reactive T cells produced by intrathymic PAHA created a B cell population primed to s
190 anti-chromatin Abs developed after a single intrathymic PAHA injection in Fas-deficient C57BL/6-lpr/
191 milarly primed T cells or of B cells without intrathymic PAHA injection of the recipient failed to pr
192 tion after receiving splenic B cells from an intrathymic PAHA-injected syngeneic donor also developed
196 tiated NZB T cell precursors included in the intrathymic pool of CD4(-)CD8(-) cells also exhibited no
197 rrow-derived progenitors to reconstitute the intrathymic pool, these processes facilitate continuous
199 CXCR4 is dispensable for the maintenance and intrathymic positioning of CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes, and
201 ce self-peptides play a critical role in the intrathymic positive selection of the mature TCR reperto
202 a consequence of the peptide specificity of intrathymic positive selection, mice transgenic for a re
203 These observations suggest that, similar to intrathymic positive selection, the maintenance of the m
207 ion of newly formed T cells does not require intrathymic preactivation, is cell-intrinsic, and correl
209 ors constraining new progenitor recruitment, intrathymic precursor expansion, and thymus size remain
216 intrathymic donor cells was associated with intrathymic presence of cells resembling long-term hemat
217 se chain reaction analyses demonstrated that intrathymic production of IL-7 was significantly decreas
218 ipotent progenitors (MPPs), and the earliest intrathymic progenitor (DN1), using 2 in vitro assays an
219 ly in the CD4(-)CD8(-)CD3(-) triple-negative intrathymic progenitor cell population 24 h after exposu
222 with reduced progenitor input to the thymus, intrathymic progenitor niches remain unsaturated for at
223 ing experiments using RNA isolated from four intrathymic progenitor populations in which the AHR was
224 e, we study the subpopulation of early human intrathymic progenitors expressing the type IA BMP recep
225 ch1 and Notch3 are coexpressed on some early intrathymic progenitors, the relatively mild phenotype s
226 e compelling evidence that c-Myc mediates an intrathymic proliferation wave immediately after agonist
227 t NKT cells all underwent a phase of intense intrathymic proliferation, whereas adaptive CD4(+) and C
229 on of the cortex for about the first 10 d of intrathymic residence; this region virtually overlaps th
230 he CXCR4-mediated chemorepellent activity of intrathymic SDF-1 contributes to SP thymocyte egress fro
231 the alphabeta fate upon separation from the intrathymic selecting environment, those that express CD
232 nce between these two lineages occurs during intrathymic selection and is thought to be irreversible
233 sary for T cell function is a consequence of intrathymic selection during which T cell antigen recept
234 changes in CXCR4 expression as a marker for intrathymic selection events, and show its role in T-cel
235 s that a reciprocal loss-and-gain pattern of intrathymic selection exists between H-2Kb and H-2Kbm8.
240 nue to express Fezf2 and Aire, regulators of intrathymic self-antigens, and support T-reg development
243 tudy identifies costimulation by CD28 as the intrathymic signal required for clonal deletion and iden
244 TCR on DP thymocytes appears to result from intrathymic signaling, as in vitro culture of these cell
245 ate into CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in response to intrathymic signals that extinguish transcription of the
246 tes is important for self-tolerance, but the intrathymic signals that induce clonal deletion have not
247 tenin expression is stringently regulated by intrathymic signals, it is expressed at the highest leve
250 and influences the balance of early and late intrathymic stages of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell develop
251 up-regulated between the first two stages of intrathymic T cell development (double negative 1 and do
252 ecause thymocytes are seemingly short-lived, intrathymic T cell development depends on continuous imp
254 o a nonredundant cytokine network supporting intrathymic T cell development emerged as a consequence
255 hymocytes, the possible role of CD205 during intrathymic T cell development has not been studied.
258 ur data identify novel roles for CCR7 during intrathymic T cell development, highlighting its importa
264 s, there is a severe block in all aspects of intrathymic T cell maturation, although both positive an
267 genes that are specifically up-regulated in intrathymic T cell precursors as compared with myeloid p
268 pose that intrinsic developmental defects in intrathymic T cell precursors do not contribute to age-r
271 e influence of MHC molecules, key drivers of intrathymic T cell selection and naive peripheral T cell
273 ell receptor (TCR) signals are essential for intrathymic T cell-positive selection, it remains contro
274 elopmental steps linking multipotent HSCs to intrathymic T lineage-committed progenitors is important
276 (extrachromosomal DNA circles formed during intrathymic T-cell development) to assess thymus-depende
277 hematopoietic system, HH signaling regulates intrathymic T-cell development, and it is one of the sur
282 ages, including T cells, but its function in intrathymic T-cell precursors has been poorly defined.
283 T-cell progenitors (ETPs), the most immature intrathymic T-cell precursors, harvested from the involu
286 Double-positive (DP) thymocytes respond to intrathymic T-cell receptor (TCR) signals by undergoing
288 leading to permanent marrow engraftment and intrathymic tolerization of T cells that develop subsequ
289 -specific generation of Foxp3(+) cells using intrathymic transfer of TCR-transgenic thymocytes expres
296 on of specific unresponsiveness secondary to intrathymic transplantation will not be impaired or limi