ライフサイエンスコーパス: jawed

1 TAARs emerged following the divergence of jawed and jawless fish, and comprise a large monophyleti

2 y, that occurred after the divergence of the jawed and jawless fishes, 450 million years ago.

3 e of Spi-C may predate the divergence of the jawed and jawless vertebrates and that Spi-D arose befor

4 was already present in a common ancestor of jawed and jawless vertebrates, TWEAK evolved early on in

5 s comparisons of regulatory elements between jawed and jawless vertebrates, we report deep conservati

6 ne soon after the evolutionary divergence of jawed and jawless vertebrates.

7 regulation evolved before the divergence of jawed and jawless vertebrates.

8 ic trigeminal nucleus in Alligator and other jawed animals but not in jawless vertebrates.

9 olution in the deepest branching lineages of jawed arthropods, the mandibulates.

10 1/Oatp1 family occurs after the emergence of jawed fish and that the OATP1A/Oatp1a and OATP1B/Oatp1b

11 In electroreceptive jawed fishes and amphibians, individual lateral line pla

12 Placoderms are extinct jawed fishes of the class Placodermi and are basal among

13 of duplication occurred before the origin of jawed fishes.

14 the divergence between jawless (Agnatha) and jawed (Gnathostomata) vertebrates.

15 een osteichthyans, chondrichthyans and their jawed gnathostome ancestors.

16 y similar in both the jawless (agnathan) and jawed (gnathostome) vertebrates, suggesting that an earl

17 f CSF1 later in lineages after the advent of Jawed/Jawless fish.

18 ers are collectively known as gnathostomes ('jawed mouths'), made its earliest definitive appearance

19 ics from descriptions of non-GC responses in jawed non-mammalian vertebrates as possible orthologues

20 phala, bridging the evolutionary gap between jawed rotifers and the obligate parasitic, jawless acant

21 on a credible phylogenetic framework for the jawed stem gnathostomes collectively known as "placoderm

22 eta2M) is believed to have arisen in a basal jawed vertebrate (gnathostome) and is the essential L ch

23 s--represents one of the key events in early jawed vertebrate (gnathostome) history, because it provi

24 Jawed vertebrate adaptive immunity relies on the RAG1/RA

25 tion was a crucial event in the evolution of jawed vertebrate adaptive immunity.

26 Taken together, our data indicate that the jawed vertebrate ancestor possessed a much larger and di

27 mbled into a Rag1/2 gene cluster in a common jawed vertebrate ancestor.

28 but before the appearance of the last common jawed vertebrate ancestor.

29 through the Sprecher pathway, emerged in the jawed vertebrate ancestor.

30 Paired fins are a defining feature of the jawed vertebrate body plan, but their evolutionary origi

31 esegmentation as an ancestral feature of the jawed vertebrate body plan.

32 Immunoglobulins (Igs) are a crown jewel of jawed vertebrate evolution.

33 ect to lose 86-150 billion years (11-19%) of jawed vertebrate evolutionary history over the next 50-5

34 Here we assess the conservation status of jawed vertebrate evolutionary history, using three polic

35 skate shows that it preserves many ancestral jawed vertebrate features compared with other sequenced

36 because of incomplete datasets on Paleozoic jawed vertebrate fossils and ontogeny of some modern tax

37 epresent the most phylogenetically divergent jawed vertebrate group relative to the mammals.

38 ems circuits and behaviors in this important jawed vertebrate group, we studied the distribution of n

39 ruities in character evolution in this major jawed vertebrate group.

40 nd functional properties with the equivalent jawed vertebrate HB locus.

41 iginated together with, if not before, their jawed vertebrate hosts >450 million years ago in the Ord

42 a major innovation(1,2) that evolved in the jawed vertebrate lineage after divergence from living ja

43 rth of an intron that arose in the ancestral jawed vertebrate lineage nearly half-a-billion years ago

44 strocyte-like evolutionary precursors in the jawed vertebrate lineage.

45 s vertebrates, TWEAK evolved early on in the jawed vertebrate lineage.

46 major anatomical difference between the two jawed vertebrate lineages is the presence of a single la

47 make convergent evolution in the jawless and jawed vertebrate lines unlikely and indicate an early or

48 helps unify the comparative anatomy of early jawed vertebrate neurocrania, clarifying primary homolog

49 dingly, we find BAFF orthologs in all of the jawed vertebrate representatives that we examined, altho

50 Several key functional features of jawed vertebrate rods are present in their phylogenetica

51 vel type of opsin-expressing cell that, like jawed vertebrate rods, encloses the ciliary membrane wit

52 is the major cartilage matrix protein in the jawed vertebrate skeleton.

53 Second, we rank jawed vertebrate species by their EDGE scores to identif

54 birds), so it is unclear how the majority of jawed vertebrate species maintain robust immune surveill

55 of jawless vertebrates or acquired along the jawed vertebrate stem.

56 inally, sharks have retained seven ancestral jawed vertebrate TNFSF genes lost in humans.

57 d pluripotency gene regulatory networks of a jawed vertebrate, Xenopus, and a jawless vertebrate, lam

58 RAG2 extends a jawed vertebrate-specific loop to interact with target s

59 e system was acquired much later in an early jawed vertebrate.

60 f agnathans, and the elephant shark, a basal jawed vertebrate.

61 n is exemplified by the antigen receptors of jawed vertebrates (B- and T-cell receptors), heterodimer

62 Ds predate the emergence of fishes and other jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata).

63 nd hagfishes, are the sister group of living jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and hence an important

64 om different ancestral precursor proteins in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and jawless fish (cyclo

65 Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and jawless vertebrates

66 The AIS is present in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) but absent in all other

67 The emergence of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) from jawless vertebrate

68 Jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomes) have 4 tissue inhibitor

69 Reproduction in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) involves either externa

70 Most living vertebrates are jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), and the living jawless

71 n-like adaptive immunity, J chain emerged in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), but its origin has rem

72 In jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), Hox genes play an impo

73 rtebrates (cyclostomes), the sister group of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), is unknown.

74 In jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), the head skeleton is m

75 In the embryos of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), the jaw cartilage deve

76 s vertebrates (agnathans), and compared with jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), they provide insight i

77 g considered the ancestral condition for all jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes).

78 tebrates that diverged from lines leading to jawed vertebrates (including mammals) in the late Cambri

79 preceding the last common ancestor of extant jawed vertebrates (~420 million years ago Ma).

80 e immunity at the transition from jawless to jawed vertebrates and diversified further within the jaw

81 es; herein 'sharks') are the earliest extant jawed vertebrates and exhibit some of the greatest funct

82 polarity of some arch features of the crown jawed vertebrates and invert the classic hypothesis, in

83 r activity is evolutionarily conserved among jawed vertebrates and is able to rescue the finless phen

84 ast, the second duplication is found only in jawed vertebrates and occurred in the mid-late Ordovicia

85 genome expansions, one before the advent of jawed vertebrates and one after.

86 ostracoderms', are regarded as precursors of jawed vertebrates and provide insight into this formativ

87 differentiation of immune-type cells in the jawed vertebrates and related factors of unknown functio

88 gene sequences dating from the appearance of jawed vertebrates and representing potential cis-regulat

89 ogenetic position between the gnathostome or jawed vertebrates and the cephalochordates, represented

90 t is no more stark than between the earliest jawed vertebrates and their immediate relatives, the ext

91 gnition repertoire arose in the evolution of jawed vertebrates approximately 450 million years ago as

92 fter the divergence of jawless fish from the jawed vertebrates approximately 500 million years ago.

93 The HoxA and HoxD gene clusters of jawed vertebrates are organized into bipartite three-dim

94 nticipatory recombinatorial immune system in jawed vertebrates are the TCR, Ig, and MHC genes, but th

95 The enteric nervous system of jawed vertebrates arises primarily from vagal neural cre

96 to explain how the adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates arose from closely linked receptor, li

97 at last shared a common ancestor with modern jawed vertebrates around 500 million years ago(12).

98 idence that supports an earlier emergence of jawed vertebrates as part of the Great Ordovician Biodiv

99 All jawed vertebrates assemble their antigen-receptor genes

100 or a proposed(7) early Silurian radiation of jawed vertebrates before their widespread appearance(5)

101 mong the extant and extinct classes of early jawed vertebrates but, rather, successional teeth evolve

102 mplex class I molecules (MHC I) help protect jawed vertebrates by binding and presenting immunogenic

103 knowledge, the earliest direct evidence for jawed vertebrates by describing Qianodus duplicis, a new

104 All extant jawed vertebrates can rearrange these gene segments.

105 Developing lymphocytes of jawed vertebrates cleave and combine distinct gene segme

106 T cells in jawed vertebrates comprise two lineages, alphabeta T cel

107 ish to fowl to pharaohs, nearly all cells in jawed vertebrates constitutively process and present pep

108 r understanding of the earliest evolution of jawed vertebrates depends on a credible phylogenetic fra

109 ter in the stem lineage to osteostracans and jawed vertebrates did pectoral fins differentiate anteri

110 to form the antigen receptors of jawless and jawed vertebrates differ, development and selection of T

111 of recombination-activating genes (RAGs) in jawed vertebrates endowed adaptive immune cells with the

112 tebrates open directly into the environment, jawed vertebrates evolved skeletal appendages that drive

113 Major groups of jawed vertebrates exhibit contrasting conditions of derm

114 es with the two principal T-cell lineages of jawed vertebrates expressing the alphabeta and gammadelt

115 s must have occurred after the divergence of jawed vertebrates from jawless fish.

116 Jawed vertebrates generate a diverse repertoire of B and

117 ing receptors that are found in a variety of jawed vertebrates has defined shared characteristics tha

118 All jawed vertebrates have a highly coordinated innate immun

119 By contrast, jawed vertebrates have evolved complex protein-based ada

120 All jawed vertebrates have highly diverse lymphocyte recepto

121 Homologies of these bones among jawed vertebrates have long been demonstrated by develop

122 Comparisons between lamprey and jawed vertebrates have yielded important insights into t

123 e a precursor condition to osteostracans and jawed vertebrates in which paired fins arose initially a

124 In most jawed vertebrates including cartilaginous fish, membrane

125 otable in comparison with those of the other jawed vertebrates investigated to date.

126 efining feature governing head patterning of jawed vertebrates is a highly conserved gene regulatory

127 tebrates reveals that the Tbx5 expression in jawed vertebrates is derived in having an expression dom

128 n receptors in the adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates is generated by a unique process of so

129 Although homology of oral teeth in jawed vertebrates is well supported, the evolutionary or

130 Nonmammalian jawed vertebrates lack lymph nodes but maintain diverse

131 All jawed vertebrates limit use of D(H) reading frames (RFs)

132 This reveals that ancestrally all jawed vertebrates may have had fourteen Hox paralogue gr

133 Other agnathans gave rise to jawed vertebrates or gnathostomes, the group including a

134 A gene duplication event in jawed vertebrates originated in these two paralogs.

135 These representatives of the earliest jawed vertebrates possess a primordial immunoglobulin ge

136 All jawed vertebrates possess a thymus, and we and others ha

137 of mouse TCRbeta chains with those of other jawed vertebrates preserved reactivity to mouse pMHC.

138 d non-teleost bony fishes, and indicate that jawed vertebrates primitively possessed a lateral line p

139 The last common ancestor of conodonts and jawed vertebrates probably lacked mineralized skeletal t

140 s in the evolutionary history of animals.(1) Jawed vertebrates rapidly diversified after appearing ap

141 Adaptive immunity in jawed vertebrates relies on the assembly of antigen rece

142 The adaptive immune system of all jawed vertebrates relies on the presence of B and T cell

143 rs are present in certain placoderms, fossil jawed vertebrates retrieved as a paraphyletic segment of

144 Comparison of gene expression in jawless and jawed vertebrates reveals that the Tbx5 expression in ja

145 owed that some Vbetas from distantly related jawed vertebrates share amino acids in their complementa

146 In all jawed vertebrates studied to date, one of the HB gene cl

147 class I region, present in all nonmammalian jawed vertebrates studied to date.

148 eature since the spleen's emergence in early jawed vertebrates such as sharks.

149 nterspersed nature of the TCRA/TCRD locus in jawed vertebrates that also allows the sharing of some v

150 neages in the common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates that co-opted different antigen recept

151 ive and predatory lifestyles, culminating in jawed vertebrates that dominate modern vertebrate biodiv

152 odium channels (VGSCs) in nervous systems of jawed vertebrates that facilitate fast long-distance ele

153 s fishes, or chondrichthyans, are the oldest jawed vertebrates that have an adaptive immune system ba

154 2beta-PE was first included in the genome of jawed vertebrates that were capable of TCR gene rearrang

155 dibular teeth and dentitions are features of jawed vertebrates that were first acquired by the Palaeo

156 In jawed vertebrates these genes are known to be expressed

157 gement of Ig V(D)J gene segments used by all jawed vertebrates to produce diverse repertoires of T an

158 tlas to neural data from the mouse and other jawed vertebrates unveiled various shared features that

159 s of the immunoglobulin-based receptors that jawed vertebrates use for antigen recognition.

160 Intriguingly, extant HBs of jawless and jawed vertebrates were shown to have evolved twice, and

161 eptor (GHR) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) in jawed vertebrates were thought to arise after the diverg

162 mbinatorial immune response is restricted to jawed vertebrates where it is found in representatives o

163 hothoracids, the most phylogenetically basal jawed vertebrates with teeth, belonging to the genera Ra

164 l component of the adaptive immune system in jawed vertebrates(3).

165 runk sympathetic chain ganglia arose only in jawed vertebrates(3-8).

166 Recent work on upper Silurian and Devonian jawed vertebrates(7-10) has revealed similar skeletal co

167 ulate multiple aspects of NCC development in jawed vertebrates(7-10).

168 two living vertebrate groups: gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) and cyclostomes (hagfishes and lampre

169 relative to the divergence of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) and cyclostomes (jawless hagfishes an

170 y contrast, osteostracans (a sister group to jawed vertebrates) are interpreted to have the first tru

171 Fossils of early gnathostomes (or jawed vertebrates) have been the focus of study for near

172 The gill apparatus of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) is fundamental to feeding and ventila

173 rning the primary jaw joint of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) is well known, however knowledge abou

174 ds (a sister group to both osteostracans and jawed vertebrates) possessed three unpaired dorsal fins,

175 mmunoglobulin gene segments in gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).

176 principal divisions of modern gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).

177 study of the origin of modern gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).

178 h is known about neural crest development in jawed vertebrates, a clear picture of trunk neural crest

179 In jawed vertebrates, adaptive immunity depends on the proc

180 In jawed vertebrates, adaptive immunity is mediated by anti

181 or HoxD genes in patterning the fin-folds of jawed vertebrates, and fuel new hypotheses about the evo

182 L branch is evolutionarily conserved through jawed vertebrates, and HEPL is found in some species lac

183 We argue that centra are homologous among jawed vertebrates, and review evidence in teleosts that

184 t transcriptional regulator of Col2alpha1 in jawed vertebrates, and show that it is coexpressed with

185 (which we name RetroMyelin) are found in all jawed vertebrates, and we further demonstrate their func

186 n was present in the last common ancestor of jawed vertebrates, but ambiguities arise from uncertaint

187 nd Ig (B cell receptor) genes are present in jawed vertebrates, but have not been identified in other

188 In jawed vertebrates, cartilage matrix consists predominant

189 logy to gills in the last common ancestor of jawed vertebrates, consistent with a gill origin of vert

190 In jawed vertebrates, Endothelin signaling involves multipl

191 f kidney GBM, and expressed and conserved in jawed vertebrates, except for amphibians, and a second d

192 IgM is an ancestral Ab class found in all jawed vertebrates, from sharks to mammals.

193 patterning of the chordate body axis and, in jawed vertebrates, has been shown to play a major role a

194 ed characters close to modern or crown-group jawed vertebrates, including a pronounced sinus superior

195 e animals retained plesiomorphic features of jawed vertebrates, including a well-differentiated stoma

196 lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are present in jawed vertebrates, including cartilaginous fishes, but n

197 ave various roles during head development in jawed vertebrates, including pharyngeal pouch morphogene

198 gene family have been found in virtually all jawed vertebrates, including sharks, bony fishes, reptil

199 een defined in most of the major lineages of jawed vertebrates, including the cartilaginous fishes, w

200 many similarities to the Ig-based system of jawed vertebrates, including the compartmentalized devel

201 f allorecognition have been developed in the jawed vertebrates, invertebrate chordate Botryllus, and

202 ption factor Hand2, which is conserved among jawed vertebrates, is expressed in the neural crest in t

203 the immunoglobulin-type antigen receptors of jawed vertebrates, jawless fish have variable lymphocyte

204 n conserved seemingly since the emergence of jawed vertebrates, more than 450 million years ago.

205 Dlx bigene clusters in a common ancestor of jawed vertebrates, one of which was lost prior to the di

206 Jawed vertebrates, or gnathostomes, have two sets of pai

207 ucted for osteostracans, the sister group of jawed vertebrates, seem to lack these gnathostome traits

208 tically predates the evolution of T cells in jawed vertebrates, suggesting that the ontogeny of the T

209 pes of lymphocytes, akin to T and B cells of jawed vertebrates, that clonally express somatically div

210 In non-mammalian jawed vertebrates, the bones homologous to the mammalian

211 n a representative of the earliest diverging jawed vertebrates, the clearnose skate (Raja eglanteria)

212 osteocytic) bone in the jawless relatives of jawed vertebrates, the osteostracans, about 400 million

213 In jawed vertebrates, the p53-binding domains of MDM2 and M

214 rentiation of a novel digestive structure in jawed vertebrates, the stomach.

215 In jawed vertebrates, these are important transcriptional r

216 In extant jawed vertebrates, this region provides muscle precursor

217 isms capable of generating this structure in jawed vertebrates, we characterised the development of t

218 zing the genomic context of tlr4 genes in 11 jawed vertebrates, we found that tlr4 arose prior to the

219 In this basal group of jawed vertebrates, we identified a third nonclassical MH

220 tetrapod novelty, or an ancestral feature of jawed vertebrates, we tested the relationship between so

221 Given its evolutionary conservation in jawed vertebrates, we used activation-induced cytidine d

222 "the features of 'true' rod transduction in jawed vertebrates, which permit the reliable detection o

223 The Siluro-Devonian adaptive radiation of jawed vertebrates, which underpins almost all living ver

224 lopment revealed a common pattern with other jawed vertebrates, which was helpful for comparison of s

225 ft, the tooth has remained a stable trait in jawed vertebrates, while evolving distinct genetic bases

226 recognized as an evolutionary innovation of jawed vertebrates, whose most primitive group is represe

227 igens as the Ig-based antibodies and TCRs of jawed vertebrates, with altogether comparable affinity a

228 hology of the last common ancestor of living jawed vertebrates, with competing hypotheses advancing e

229 ates-lampreys and hagfish) and gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates-cartilaginous and bony fishes), based

230 of a range of species within two classes of jawed vertebrates.

231 nt via the RAG recombinase in an ancestor of jawed vertebrates.

232 rtebrates and diversified further within the jawed vertebrates.

233 ans in resolving the evolutionary history of jawed vertebrates.

234 of the mandibular, hyoid and gill arches of jawed vertebrates.

235 d a fundamental role in the success of early jawed vertebrates.

236 that this developmental shift occurs in all jawed vertebrates.

237 ghly conserved migratory pattern observed in jawed vertebrates.

238 ccurred before the separation of jawless and jawed vertebrates.

239 and ampullary organs in the two lineages of jawed vertebrates.

240 the last common ancestor of the jawless and jawed vertebrates.

241 neage in ray-finned bony fishes and hence in jawed vertebrates.

242 d forelimb territories, respectively, of all jawed vertebrates.

243 they do share numerous characteristics with jawed vertebrates.

244 aralogous clusters is a primitive feature of jawed vertebrates.

245 on and ecological ascendance of the earliest jawed vertebrates.

246 bulins and T-cell antigen receptors found in jawed vertebrates.

247 of the most basally branching lineage of the jawed vertebrates.

248 instead of the Ig-based Ag receptors used by jawed vertebrates.

249 s and species richness of 44 major clades of jawed vertebrates.

250 ging antigen receptors convergently with the jawed vertebrates.

251 M, was present in the ancestor of all living jawed vertebrates.

252 te receptors have evolved in the jawless and jawed vertebrates.

253 have been identified in all major groups of jawed vertebrates.

254 nds to the NPRL3 intron 7 MCS-R1 enhancer of jawed vertebrates.

255 ombinatorial antigen receptors shared by all jawed vertebrates.

256 teeth develop and are regulated as in other jawed vertebrates.

257 current NPRL3-linked HB genes in jawless and jawed vertebrates.

258 of the class Placodermi and are basal among jawed vertebrates.

259 ged neural proteins are a general feature of jawed vertebrates.

260 derstood below the phylogenetic level of the jawed vertebrates.

261 ergence of the adaptive immune system in the jawed vertebrates.

262 a characteristic feature of the body plan of jawed vertebrates.

263 body axis is a hallmark of the body plan of jawed vertebrates.

264 nt in the common ancestor of the present-day jawed vertebrates.

265 nization may have varied since the origin of jawed vertebrates.

266 ermal skeleton of the common ancestor of all jawed vertebrates.

267 or the diversity of GH/PRL-family members in jawed vertebrates.

268 ied conserved flt3 gene orthologs across all jawed vertebrates.

269 ogenetic position as the sister group of the jawed vertebrates.

270 are functionally equivalent to the thymus of jawed vertebrates.

271 e these characteristics as ancestral for all jawed vertebrates.

272 hese functions during the later radiation of jawed vertebrates.

273 tinct from immunoglobulin-based receptors of jawed vertebrates.

274 the evolutionary transition from jawless to jawed vertebrates.

275 igations of the evolution of cyclostomes and jawed vertebrates.

276 nned fish and testudines rank highest of all jawed vertebrates.

277 to the COL4A<5|6> gene pair and conserved in jawed vertebrates.

278 y arose before the common ancestor of living jawed vertebrates.

279 activity, mediating homologous expression in jawed vertebrates.

280 rtilaginous fish, the oldest group of extant jawed vertebrates.

281 e evolution of the adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates.

282 se tissues evolved in the common ancestor of jawed vertebrates.

283 r genes evolved independently in jawless and jawed vertebrates.

284 la neurons instruct predatory hunting across jawed vertebrates.

285 ry skills led to the evolutionary triumph of jawed vertebrates.

286 l record of ontogenetic edentulism among the jawed vertebrates.

287 n and somatic hypermutation of antibodies in jawed vertebrates.

288 - and T-lymphocyte antigen receptor genes of jawed vertebrates.

289 cells, before the divergence of jawless and jawed vertebrates.

290 LM orthologs are not identifiable in certain jawed vertebrates.

291 n superfamily gene early in the evolution of jawed vertebrates.

292 (mandible) was evolutionarily important for jawed vertebrates.

293 lication at the time when myelin appeared in jawed vertebrates.

294 11) To test this, we evaluate the most basal jawed vertebrates: the sharks, rays, and chimaeras, whic

295 ve module of odontodes in the mouth of early jawed vertebrates: the teeth.

296 VLRB lymphocytes resemble the B cells of jawed vertebrates; VLRA lymphocytes are similar to T cel

297 and rays) are in the oldest taxon of extant jawed vertebrates; we have carried out segregation analy

298 jaws that are characteristic of gnathostome (jawed) vertebrates and before the evolution of paired ap

299 All jawed-vertebrates have four T cell receptor (TCR) chains

300 lar, we identify two adaptations specific to jawed-vertebrates-arginine 848 in RAG1 and an acidic reg