ライフサイエンスコーパス: kisspeptin

1 RH neurons tested were activated by AMPA and kisspeptin.

2 , gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and kisspeptin.

3 luteinizing hormone surge-mediating peptide, kisspeptin.

4 y components of the antimetastatic effect of kisspeptins.

5 ns opposite to that of the puberty-promoting kisspeptins.

6 Transcriptomic profiling revealed high kisspeptin 1 (KISS1) related to reduced migration and lo

7 modifications of the endogenous neuropeptide kisspeptin 10 (KP10).

8 Kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10), a decapeptide derived from the pr

9 In contrast, kisspeptin-10 stimulated LH release after both central a

10 d previously that the activation of GPR54 by kisspeptin-10 suppressed CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis in re

11 activation of its cognate receptor GPR54 by kisspeptin-10 suppressed the capacity of the prometastat

12 Intracerebroventricular administration of kisspeptin-10 to Vgat-Cre;Lepr(lox/lox) female mice elic

13 In vitro and in vivo studies of analogues of kisspeptin-10 with amino substitutions have identified s

14 s, resulting from the addition of its ligand Kisspeptin-10, resulted in RhoA activation and RhoA-depe

15 inistered a single subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 (1.6 nmol/kg, n = 2; 3.2 nmol/kg, n = 3; 6

16 action of MVT-602 in comparison with native kisspeptin-54 (KP54).

17 uent fertilization of eggs matured following kisspeptin-54 administration and transfer of resulting e

18 tudy demonstrates that a single injection of kisspeptin-54 can induce egg maturation in women with su

19 r ovulation; therefore, we hypothesized that kisspeptin-54 could be used to trigger egg maturation in

20 observed in response to each tested dose of kisspeptin-54, and the mean number of mature eggs per pa

21 Kisspeptin-54, the major circulating isoform of kisspept

22 yos to the uterus occurred in 92% (49/53) of kisspeptin-54-treated patients.

23 Tolson and colleagues provide evidence that kisspeptin, a hormone that promotes sexual maturation, r

24 rganization of neural projections containing kisspeptin, a key neuropeptide involved in pubertal acti

25 Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide encoded by the KISS1/Kiss1, a

26 Here we show that kisspeptin, a potent activator of GnRH neuronal activity

27 The neuropeptide kisspeptin, a potent activator of GnRH neurons that is i

28 We investigated the effects of kisspeptin, a recently identified key reproductive hormo

29 report inhibitory actions of GnIH/RFRP-3 on kisspeptin-activated vGluT2 (vesicular glutamate transpo

30 nd reproduction directly at the level of the kisspeptin-activated vGluT2-GnRH neuron.

31 In addition, kisspeptin administration attenuated negative mood.

32 We demonstrated that kisspeptin administration enhanced limbic brain activity

33 Kisspeptin administration restored gonadotropin secretio

34 4, suggesting a paracrine mechanism in which kisspeptins affect cells in the metastatic niche.

35 the pituitary cells independent from GnRH or kisspeptin and could play multiple roles in reproductive

36 hronize and shape the pulsatile secretion of kisspeptin and drive the release of GnRH from fibers in

37 capacity of GnRH neurons to be activated by kisspeptin and estradiol.

38 as a conditional relay station downstream of kisspeptin and GnIH to signal the availability of energy

39 central peptides that regulate reproduction, kisspeptin and GnIH, exert a strong direct action on POM

40 nstrate that the neural circuits between ARC kisspeptin and GnRH neurons are fully established and op

41 The peptide kisspeptin and its receptor, Kiss1r, act centrally to st

42 o the way in which their mammalian orthologs Kisspeptin and KISS1R induce puberty.

43 Hypothalamic neurons that produce kisspeptin and neurokinin B stimulate GnRH release.

44 ress the promoter activity of genes encoding kisspeptin and neurokinin B.

45 Thus, interactions between kisspeptin and nNOS neurons may play a central role in r

46 ave demonstrated the coexpression of NKB and kisspeptin and their comodulatory roles over the control

47 examined whether GnIH inhibits the action of kisspeptin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP),

48 hormone on the signaling pathways induced by kisspeptin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in GnRH

49 est the presence of independent pathways for kisspeptins and NKB neurons in the brain of zebrafish.

50 acids (glutamate) and at least one peptide (kisspeptin), and by glial inputs provided by growth fact

51 These studies establish that kisspeptin antagonists are powerful investigative tools

52 We have pioneered the development of kisspeptin antagonists as powerful tools for interrogati

53 The development of kisspeptin antagonists provides a valuable tool for inve

54 We have developed kisspeptin antagonists to facilitate the direct determin

55 cells and, finally, we investigated whether kisspeptins are expressed in the pituitary gland.

56 Kisspeptins are now considered key players in the neuroe

57 to evaluate the role of the arcuate nucleus kisspeptin (ARN(KISS)) neurons in LH pulse generation.

58 o the current pharmacological development of kisspeptin as a potential therapeutic agent for patients

59 Kisspeptin binds to its cognate receptor on GnRH neurons

60 del to investigate the long-term exposure of kisspeptin by osmotic pump.

61 tion of kisspeptin mRNA (Kiss1) and protein (kisspeptin) by using in situ hybridization, real-time PC

62 NMDA and kisspeptins can stimulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone

63 Initially, we cloned a guinea pig kisspeptin cDNA sequence and subsequently explored the d

64 Deletion of ERalpha in kisspeptin cells decreased glutamate transmission to AVP

65 E2 reduced the number of immunoreactive kisspeptin cells in the PV at both time points, perhaps

66 a knock-out mice demonstrate that ERalpha in kisspeptin cells is required for appropriate differentia

67 These observations indicate that ERalpha in kisspeptin cells is required for appropriate differentia

68 c3a-expressing cells in relation to GnRH and kisspeptin cells.

69 ack may reflect a complex interaction of the kisspeptin circuitry, and both the PV and the Arc respon

70 inhibitory feedback, it is required for the kisspeptin-dependent preovulatory activation of GnRH neu

71 kisspeptin-independent) and nerve terminals (kisspeptin-dependent) in a dual way to participate in th

72 Presently, we found that kisspeptin depolarized GnRH neurons in a concentration-d

73 ally dimorphic, with females possessing more kisspeptin, dopaminergic, and GABA/glutamate neurons tha

74 ng-term exposure of pancreatic beta-cells to kisspeptin during type 2 diabetes (T2D).

75 ns are steroid-responsive and coexpress NKB, kisspeptin, dynorphin, NK3R, and estrogen receptor alpha

76 mework to explain how coordination among NKB/kisspeptin/dynorphin/NK3R/ERalpha neurons could mediate

77 We have recently identified two kisspeptin-encoding genes, kiss1 and kiss2, in teleosts.

78 yrus, and in a previous study we showed that kisspeptin enhances excitatory synaptic transmission in

79 secretion is mediated by its receptor in the kisspeptin enriched hypothalamic AVPV and ARC respective

80 contrast, brief exposure to the neuropeptide kisspeptin-evoked long-lasting Ca(2+) plateaus that pers

81 cells, inhibit POMC cells and attenuate the kisspeptin excitation by a mechanism based on opening po

82 established, composed of two populations of kisspeptin-expressing neurons (located in the anterovent

83 vance our understanding of the regulation of kisspeptin-expressing neurons by MKRN3 to initiate puber

84 We show that kisspeptin-expressing neurons in the arcuate hypothalamu

85 uction in MKRN3 alleviated the constraint on kisspeptin-expressing neurons to allow pubertal initiati

86 H and gonadotropin secretion, and diminished kisspeptin expression.

87 ), which are morphologically associated with kisspeptin fibers, express the kisspeptin receptor GPR54

88 Moreover, the kisspeptin gene (Kiss1) was recently identified in the a

89 We have previously identified two kisspeptin genes (kiss1 and kiss2) in the zebrafish, of

90 ined the coexpression of tachykinins and two kisspeptin genes in the brain of zebrafish.

91 hysiological recordings in brain slices from kisspeptin-GFP mice showed that AVP dose-dependently inc

92 riectomized (OVX), diestrous, and proestrous kisspeptin-GFP mice.

93 and peripheral tissues, which suggests that kisspeptin has additional functions beyond reproduction.

94 ave illuminated the identity of the signals; kisspeptin has emerged as a major stimulator of puberty,

95 Kisspeptin has recently been identified as a key neuroen

96 r, such relationship between tachykinins and kisspeptins has not been demonstrated in non-mammalian s

97 The bioactive peptides galanin, spexin and kisspeptin have a common ancestral origin and their path

98 responses regulated by a neuropeptide called kisspeptin have evolved.

99 fied plasma gonadal steroids and GnRH-1- and kisspeptin-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in subordinate ad

100 Within the Arc, the kisspeptin immunoreactivity was decreased during negativ

101 As only rescues basal insulin secretion, not kisspeptin-impaired GSIS.

102 These demonstrate an essential role for kisspeptin in GnRH neuron firing, GnRH pulsatile secreti

103 speptin-54, the major circulating isoform of kisspeptin in humans, potently stimulates reproductive h

104 dies have demonstrated the important role of kisspeptin in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secret

105 provide evidence of an undescribed role for kisspeptin in integrating sexual and emotional brain pro

106 monkeys; the later supporting a key role of kisspeptin in puberty onset.

107 powerful tools for interrogating the role of kisspeptin in reproductive physiology and pathology, and

108 in the system's regulation, and opioids and kisspeptin in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) and hypoth

109 hysiological and pathophysiological roles of kisspeptin in the regulation of reproduction and could o

110 in regulating energy balance and of GnRH and kisspeptin in triggering puberty and maintaining fertili

111 As a first step in investigating the role of kisspeptins in the European sea bass, a perciform fish,

112 Kisspeptin increased GnRH excitability and was essential

113 Kisspeptin increased GnRH neuron response in cells from

114 alamus of mutant mice, indicating a possible kisspeptin-independent GnRH/LH release by NMDA through a

115 Thus, NMDA may act at both GnRH cell bodies (kisspeptin-independent) and nerve terminals (kisspeptin-

116 Under voltage-clamp conditions, kisspeptin induced an inward current of 18.2 +/- 1.6 pA

117 ent mechanism and could prevent or interrupt kisspeptin-induced activation of vGluT2-GnRH neurons.

118 r Na(+) (to 5 mM) essentially eliminated the kisspeptin-induced inward current.

119 Pharmacological examination showed that the kisspeptin-induced inward currents were blocked by TRPC

120 This analog also inhibited the kisspeptin-induced release of luteinizing hormone (LH) i

121 In contrast, kisspeptin inhibits orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) neur

122 were retrieved transvaginally 36 hours after kisspeptin injection, assessed for maturation (primary o

123 Here, we show strong kisspeptin innervation of hypothalamic anorexigenic proo

124 ain sexual differentiation and indicate that kisspeptin inputs to GnRH neurons are essential for this

125 The importance of kisspeptin inputs to GnRH neurons for the process of sex

126 te transporter 2)-GnRH neurons as well as on kisspeptin-insensitive GnRH neurons, but not on choliner

127 MCH has no effect on kisspeptin-insensitive GnRH, vGluT2, cholinergic, or GAB

128 r presence of gonads, substantial numbers of kisspeptin-ir cell bodies are detected in the rostral pe

129 previously investigated species, numbers of kisspeptin-ir cell bodies vary from substantial to negli

130 As in phylogenetically related guinea pigs, kisspeptin-ir processes pervade the internal and externa

131 Kisspeptin is a C-terminally amidated peptide encoded by

132 Kisspeptin is a product of the Kiss1 gene and is express

133 e most potent stimulator of GnRH/LH release, kisspeptin is believed to mediate the positive and negat

134 Kisspeptin is encoded by the Kiss1 gene, and kisspeptin

135 Kisspeptin is essential for reproductive functions in hu

136 Furthermore, kisspeptin is implicated in the control of reproductive

137 rtal progression, indicating that functional kisspeptin is important for puberty and reproduction in

138 Animal studies suggest that kisspeptin is involved in generation of the luteinizing

139 The neuropeptide kisspeptin is necessary for reproduction, fertility, and

140 ature of the cellular target of the secreted kisspeptins is unknown.

141 Kisspeptins (Kiss) have been shown to be key components

142 The kisspeptin (Kiss1) and Kiss1 receptor (Kiss1r) pathway p

143 Kisspeptin (Kiss1) and neurokinin B (NKB) neurocircuits

144 t rodents is sex specific and dependent upon kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons.

145 Loss of ERalpha in kisspeptin (Kiss1)-expressing cells is sufficient to rec

146 receptor, Kiss1r (Kiss1r-/-) and its ligand kisspeptin, Kiss1 (Kiss1-/-) replicate the phenotype of

147 ociated or coexpressed with GnRH1, GnRH3, or kisspeptin (Kiss2) neurons.

148 cy GnRH release was similar in wild-type and kisspeptin knock-out mice indicating that this release i

149 Paradoxically, excitability in kisspeptin knock-out mice was similar to the maximum obs

150 In this study, we assessed whether kisspeptin (Kp) and arginine-phenylalanine (RF)-amide re

151 RH) is the master regulator of fertility and kisspeptin (KP) is a potent trigger of GnRH secretion fr

152 However, human kisspeptin loss-of-function mutations have not been desc

153 The in vivo data demonstrated that kisspeptin lowers GSIS and (pro)insulin levels and also

154 A recent report suggests that kisspeptin may be involved in human fetal adrenocortical

155 Our studies indicate that administration of kisspeptin may serve as an alternative therapeutic appro

156 tatory response by POMC neurons (n > 200) to kisspeptin, mediated by mechanisms based on activation o

157 dicating that this release is independent of kisspeptin-mediated excitation.

158 neurons leads to a significant reduction in kisspeptin-mediated GnRH neuronal activity.

159 Kisspeptin modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretio

160 tion and 17beta-estradiol (E2) regulation of kisspeptin mRNA (Kiss1) and protein (kisspeptin) by usin

161 wed no coexpression of tachykinins mRNA with kisspeptins mRNA in hypothalamic nuclei or the habenula.

162 alamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) that co-express kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin (KNDy cells) are

163 panied by marked alterations in hypothalamic kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons, we hyp

164 mprised of hypothalamic neurons coexpressing kisspeptin, neurokoinin-B and dynorphin.

165 In both kisspeptin neuron populations from OVX mice, the frequen

166 These actions were mediated directly at the kisspeptin neuron.

167 We developed a mathematical model of the kisspeptin neuronal network and confirmed its prediction

168 rate that synchronized activation of the ARN kisspeptin neuronal population generates pulses of LH.

169 s that in guinea pig both the PV and the Arc kisspeptin neurons act cooperatively to excite gonadotro

170 ABA and glutamate rapidly depolarize arcuate kisspeptin neurons and estradiol increases this depolari

171 his strategy targeted ChR2 to 70% of all ARN kisspeptin neurons and that, in vitro, these neurons wer

172 Kisspeptin neurons appear to be integrative sensors, as

173 We demonstrate that a population of kisspeptin neurons appears in the preoptic area of only

174 support the hypothesis that PSPs in arcuate kisspeptin neurons are regulated by estradiol-sensitive

175 tic overview of the different steps in which kisspeptin neurons are subjected to metabolic regulation

176 The hypothalamic arcuate kisspeptin neurons are thought to represent the GnRH pul

177 We show that ARC kisspeptin neurons are upstream of GnRH neurons, and tha

178 Furthermore, the novel role of kisspeptin neurons as active players within the neuronal

179 In vivo, the optogenetic activation of ARN kisspeptin neurons at 10 and 20 Hz evoked high amplitude

180 ns, and that GnRH neuron connectivity to ARC kisspeptin neurons does not depend on their spatial posi

181 e expressing the calcium indicator GCaMP3 in kisspeptin neurons enabled simultaneous monitoring of in

182 RP3V kisspeptin neurons exhibited marked changes in the hyper

183 Whereas <25% of preoptic kisspeptin neurons expressed Cre in Vgat- and Vglut2-ire

184 Kisspeptin neurons have recently been identified to be p

185 Mice with ERalpha disruption in AVPV kisspeptin neurons have typical reproductive cycles but

186 e feedbacks are postulated to be mediated by kisspeptin neurons in arcuate and anteroventral perivent

187 Whole-cell recordings of arcuate kisspeptin neurons in brain slices from ovariectomized (

188 n steroids as AVP no longer excited preoptic kisspeptin neurons in ovariectomized mice, an effect tha

189 ressing afferents of GnRH neurons, including kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular

190 by NKB and dynorphin act autosynaptically on kisspeptin neurons in the Arc to synchronize and shape t

191 eedback (estrogen receptor alpha [ERalpha]); kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate and anteroventral peri

192 In rodents, kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) provide

193 he sexual differentiation and development of kisspeptin neurons in the AVPV is mediated by developmen

194 Kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (

195 Kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus h

196 tate the direct determination of the role of kisspeptin neurons in the neuroendocrine regulation of r

197 e increase the basal activity of the arcuate kisspeptin neurons in vivo using continuous optogenetic

198 hough recent studies have suggested that the kisspeptin neurons located in the arcuate nucleus (ARN)

199 nadal steroids modulated the excitability of kisspeptin neurons located in the rostral periventricula

200 asticity in the intrinsic properties of RP3V kisspeptin neurons may contribute to the generation of t

201 LH in sheep, rats, and mice, suggesting that kisspeptin neurons mediate the negative feedback effect

202 s by estradiol feedback thus renders arcuate kisspeptin neurons more sensitive to fast synaptic input

203 Kisspeptin neurons of the arcuate nucleus and anterovent

204 its role in the development of hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons or puberty onset.

205 etion and ovarian cyclicity, suggesting that kisspeptin neurons play a major role in hyperprolactinem

206 o permit circadian AVP signaling at preoptic kisspeptin neurons rather than dynamically modulate its

207 d membrane properties.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Kisspeptin neurons relay estradiol feedback to gonadotro

208 Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons serve as the nodal regulatory centre

209 Mice with ERalpha knocked down in arcuate kisspeptin neurons showed disrupted cyclicity, associate

210 l neuropeptide underlying the ability of ARN kisspeptin neurons to generate LH pulses.

211 AVP increased [Ca(2+)]i in >80% of diestrous kisspeptin neurons via a mechanism involving voltage-gat

212 naptic mechanisms to differentially regulate kisspeptin neurons via GABAergic transmission.

213 We next examined whether AVP signaling in kisspeptin neurons was time and ovarian cycle dependent.

214 d mice, 5-, 10-, and 20-Hz activation of ARN kisspeptin neurons were all found to evoke LH pulses.

215 ires-Cre lines, approximately 70% of arcuate kisspeptin neurons were targeted in Vglut2-ires-Cre;Esr1

216 In arcuate, but not AVPV, kisspeptin neurons, estradiol reduced miniature postsyna

217 GABA hyperpolarized AVPV kisspeptin neurons, except in the OVX PM group in which

218 maintain cyclicity through AVPV and arcuate kisspeptin neurons, respectively, independent from its r

219 neurons and markedly increased it to arcuate kisspeptin neurons, which also exhibited increased spont

220 Kisspeptin neurons, which express prolactin receptors, w

221 essin (AVP) on the activity of preoptic area kisspeptin neurons.

222 ependently increased the firing rate of most kisspeptin neurons.

223 ical activity and [Ca(2+)]i of most preoptic kisspeptin neurons.

224 ns using transgenic mice with GFP-identified kisspeptin neurons.

225 least in part through modulatory effects on kisspeptin neurons.

226 tradiol-dependent increase in Ih within RP3V kisspeptin neurons.

227 ulating the spontaneous burst firing of RP3V kisspeptin neurons.

228 smission to AVPV and increased it to arcuate kisspeptin neurons; positive feedback had the opposite e

229 ched for Ghrh-neurons and Sox14 enriched for Kisspeptin-neurons, using Foxp2- and Sox14-deficient mou

230 icantly suppressed the stimulatory effect of kisspeptin on GnRH release in hypothalamic culture, GnIH

231 The excitatory actions of kisspeptin on POMC cells were corroborated with quantita

232 rtantly, MCH blocks the excitatory effect of kisspeptin on vGluT2-GnRH neurons.

233 ic neuronal populations in the AVPV, such as kisspeptin or dopaminergic neurons.

234 his study provides a direct link between the kisspeptin pathway and metabolic output, more work will

235 inical utility of therapeutics targeting the kisspeptin pathway.

236 expressed channelrhodopsin (ChR2) in the ARN kisspeptin population to test directly whether synchrono

237 ing that glutamatergic transmission to these kisspeptin populations is differentially regulated durin

238 Interestingly, our data showed that although kisspeptin potently decreases the intracellular proinsul

239 We find that kisspeptin-producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC

240 rons are regulated by an afferent network of kisspeptin-producing neurons.

241 on, but it does not result in alterations in kisspeptin projections.

242 matostatin receptors 1 and 2 (SSTR1, SSTR2), kisspeptin recepotor (KissR1), neurotensin receptor 1 (N

243 A specific kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) agonist could significantly

244 Female mice lacking the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) gained more weight than con

245 Here, we show that the kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r), a GPCR that is activated b

246 ng mutations in the genes encoding the human kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R, formerly called GPR54), neu

247 e attenuation of excitation by the selective kisspeptin receptor antagonist, peptide 234.

248 roborated with quantitative PCR data showing kisspeptin receptor GPR54 expression in the arcuate nucl

249 sociated with kisspeptin fibers, express the kisspeptin receptor GPR54 in the preoptic region, but no

250 , we find that most GnRH neurons express the kisspeptin receptor GPR54 upon circuit formation, sugges

251 pin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons via the kisspeptin receptor KISS1R.

252 al differentiation of male mice in which the kisspeptin receptor was deleted selectively from GnRH ne

253 s cognate G protein-coupled receptor, GPR54 (kisspeptin receptor, Kiss-R), are critical for the contr

254 Knockout mice for the kisspeptin receptor, Kiss1r (Kiss1r-/-) and its ligand k

255 Experiments in kisspeptin receptor-null mice, showed that kisspeptin wa

256 investigate the involvement of autophagy in kisspeptin-regulated insulin secretion, we overexpressed

257 The neuropeptide kisspeptin regulates reproduction by stimulating gonadot

258 1 receptor (KISS1R or GPR54) by its ligands (Kisspeptins) regulates a diverse function both in normal

259 uate nucleus (ARC), all regions critical for kisspeptin regulation of gonadotropin secretion.

260 pogonadotrophic state in females may involve kisspeptin-related mechanisms similar to those underlyin

261 metabolic regulation of KISS1 expression and kisspeptin release.

262 luciferase (LUC) reporter gene localized at kisspeptin-response element (KsRE) between -3446 and -28

263 Furthermore, kisspeptin's enhancement of limbic brain structures corr

264 etic and metabolic phenotype in mice lacking kisspeptin signaling (Kiss1r KO mice).

265 Patients with mutations that inactivate kisspeptin signaling are infertile.

266 the hypothalamus to suppress the vasopressin-kisspeptin signaling cascade, thereby inhibiting the pro

267 previously unidentified role for endogenous kisspeptin signaling in BAT in modulating metabolic and

268 iss1(-/-) mice and by genetic restoration of kisspeptin signaling in GnRH neurons in Kiss1r(-/-) mice

269 ndicating that GnIH may not directly inhibit kisspeptin signaling in GnRH neurons.

270 bolism in global Kiss1r KOs reflect impaired kisspeptin signaling in non-BAT tissues.

271 The activation of kisspeptin signaling in preoptic neurons promotes the ac

272 the contributions of central and peripheral kisspeptin signaling in regulating uterine growth and ad

273 emonstrate that in addition to reproduction, kisspeptin signaling influences BW, energy expenditure,

274 Evidence indicates that kisspeptin signaling is also important for body weight (

275 via central kisspeptin signaling, peripheral kisspeptin signaling is indispensable for endometrial ad

276 ndependent manner; therefore, alterations in kisspeptin signaling might contribute, directly or indir

277 s in organizing the sex-specific ontogeny of kisspeptin signaling pathways remain unresolved.

278 Kisspeptin is encoded by the Kiss1 gene, and kisspeptin signaling plays a critical role in reproducti

279 Next, to test whether kisspeptin signaling specifically in BAT influences BW,

280 y dependent on ovarian E2-output via central kisspeptin signaling, peripheral kisspeptin signaling is

281 terventions targeting galanin, spexin and/or kisspeptin signalling pathways could therefore contribut

282 l and in vivo hormone profile experiments on kisspeptin-specific ERalpha knock-out mice demonstrate t

283 Kisspeptin-specific ERalpha knockout mice exhibit disrup

284 ic culture, GnIH had no inhibitory effect on kisspeptin stimulation of serum response element and nuc

285 asis for a paracrine mode of action by which kisspeptins suppress the metastatic potential of tumor c

286 Collectively, our data demonstrated that kisspeptin suppresses both GSIS and non-glucose-stimulat

287 However, it is currently unknown whether kisspeptin suppresses GSIS in beta-cells by activating a

288 experiment 2, using microdialysis, GnRH and kisspeptin surges induced by E2 benzoate were similarly

289 lic factors impose a very tight control over kisspeptin synthesis and release.

290 se AVPV populations, the recently identified kisspeptin system has been most strongly implicated as a

291 de an insight into the role of the habenular kisspeptin system in inhibiting fear.

292 dipokine leptin and its interaction with the kisspeptin system, which is an important regulator of pu

293 The Kiss1 gene produces kisspeptins that stimulate GnRH secretion.

294 tly achieving an increased responsiveness to kisspeptin, the main secretagogue of GnRH.

295 ceptor (Kiss1r), a GPCR that is activated by kisspeptin to regulate the onset of puberty and adult re

296 tinct from other dimorphic cell populations (kisspeptin, tyrosine hydroxylase).

297 ometric analyses, we compared the effects of kisspeptin versus vehicle administration in 29 healthy h

298 n kisspeptin receptor-null mice, showed that kisspeptin was the critical neuropeptide underlying the

299 actors that ultimately affect the release of kisspeptin, which modulates gonadotropin-releasing hormo

300 Kisspeptin, which signals via Kiss1r, is essential for f