ライフサイエンスコーパス: krill

1 level biota in the Antarctic food web (i.e., krill).

2 ilar to South Georgia/Islas Georgias del Sur krill.

3 the abundance of their main prey, Antarctic krill.

4 cularly for humpback and blue whales chasing krill.

5 outhern Ocean and tolerate warmer water than krill.

6 an chicks that were primarily fed epipelagic krill.

7 art of the 2019 Area 48 Survey for Antarctic krill.

8 advantages of swarms of small prey, such as krill.

9 uding siphonophores, copepods, pteropods and krill.

10 t a Feedback Management system for Antarctic krill.

11 and southward range contraction of Antarctic krill.

12 ical role of both adult and larval Antarctic krill.

13 th the distribution of their prey, Antarctic krill.

14 6.2%), copepods (23.1%), cnidarians (12.9%), krill (9.3%) and fishes (4.2%) explained 95.6% of the va

15 depth distribution and ecology of Antarctic krill, a central organism in the Southern Ocean ecosyste

16 f climate change and concerns over declining krill abundance in the Southern Ocean.

17 ve and longer lasting during years with high krill abundance on-shelf.

18 ciated with a suggested decline in Antarctic krill abundance over the past 40 years.

19 Thus, declining krill abundances could lead to decreased carbon flux, in

20 apid damping and flexible synchronization of krill activity indicate that the krill clock is adapted

21 in the water column), including herring and krill, aggregate to form schools, shoals, or swarms (her

22 We detected krill aggregations within the horizontal and vertical fo

23 collected with a profiling camera system of krill along the Western Antarctic Peninsula to reveal kr

24 , equivalent to 2641 MJ day(-1) or 830 kg of krill and 424 kg of Pacific herring daily.

25 il, while the lowest levels were detected in krill and algae oils.

26 , changes in availability of forage species (krill and anchovy), and shoreward distribution shift of

27 As both Antarctic krill and blue whales play a key role in the Southern Oc

28 with a protein of similar size in Antarctic krill and C. finmarchicus.

29 unity composition, altering the abundance of krill and other prey essential for marine mammals and se

30 y, comparisons between products derived from krill and other species targeted for reduction, opportun

31 luding the elongated body shape of Antarctic krill and potential energy savings, also may help determ

32 We found no relationships between krill and regional upwelling, though a strong connection

33 ssed whether supplementation with a blend of krill and salmon (KS) oil [which is rich in eicosapentae

34 , carbon content, microbial degradation, and krill and salp abundances.

35 t a direct comparison of the contribution of krill and salp faecal pellets (FP) to vertical carbon fl

36 Krill and salps are important for carbon flux in the Sou

37 hysiological relationships between Antarctic krill and the Southern Ocean environment.

38 d lunge feeding to capture a large amount of krill and/or fish for nourishment [1].

39 ds (PUFAs)-rich oils (flaxseed, fish, algae, krill, and blend).

40 hly with the known distribution of Antarctic krill, and identified the waters off the western Antarct

41 ere were high concentrations of chlorophyll, krill, and seabirds surrounding each iceberg, extending

42 oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) in cod liver-, anchovy-, krill-, and algae oil during in vitro digestion with hum

43 l, mobile, aggregating pelagic organisms.(1) Krill are a central species in the Southern Ocean food w

44 Antarctic krill are also fished by the Southern Ocean's largest fi

45 Antarctic krill are also heavily fished commercially; therefore, u

46 Antarctic krill are being impacted by rapid polar climate change a

47 Antarctic krill are targeted by the largest fishery in the Souther

48 winter sea ice(10), an essential habitat for krill, are causing shifts in the krill population(11), w

49 that penguins only recently began to rely on krill as a major portion of their diet, in conjunction w

50 xtremely weak midday twilight experienced by krill at high latitudes during the darkest parts of the

51 Lowered abundance of krill at the ice edge indicated they were depleted or we

52 risk that krill fishing may lead to limited krill availability for predators.

53 ill surplus" hypothesis that predicts excess krill availability in the Southern Ocean after this peri

54 ge in trophic position, despite variation in krill availability over the past century.

55 ly renders them more sensitive to changes in krill availability, relative to gentoo penguins, as evin

56 Further, Antarctic krill avoid having a nearest neighbor directly overhead,

57 ximate baleen whale consumption of Antarctic krill before and after whaling to examine if the ecosyst

58 However, understanding krill behavior, particularly in the poorly-studied autum

59 iation of trends in both the environment and krill biochemistry data.

60 only further our understanding of Antarctic krill biology but, because of the economical importance

61 s, the former being essential for estimating krill biomass and catch limits.

62 e-envelope calculations suggest that current krill biomass cannot support both an expanding krill fis

63 g trends in penguin abundance with trends in krill biomass explains why populations of Adelie and chi

64 d the habitat's ability to support Antarctic krill biomass production within this range could be redu

65 temperature (SST), strong upwelling and high krill biomass.

66 Krill body size alters the POC flux through the producti

67 POC flux, which oscillated in synchrony with krill body size, peaking when the krill population was c

68 have been proposed for schools of Antarctic krill, but little is known about their three-dimensional

69 ong been considered an important habitat for krill, but sampling difficulties have previously prevent

70 Salps produce 4-fold more FP carbon than krill, but the FP from both species contribute equally t

71 Since 1993, krill catch has increased fourfold, buoyed by nutritiona

72 ch would represent around 20 times the total krill catch taken by the commercial fishery in Area 48 i

73 Our data demonstrate how the krill circadian clock, in combination with light, drives

74 nization of krill activity indicate that the krill clock is adapted to a life at high latitudes and s

75 les and their principal prey item, Antarctic krill, closely resembled those of baleen whales feeding

76 e associated with the initiation of a robust krill cohort the following summer, which is evident in A

77 Given the ecological importance of krill, concerns have been raised about potential negativ

78 used a physical ocean model to examine adult krill connectivity in this region using simulated krill

79 abundance estimate suggests an annual summer krill consumption by fin whales in the Antarctic Peninsu

80 Thus, krill crop phytoplankton but boost new production via th

81 ophic position has increased a full level as krill declined in response to recent climate change, inc

82 rally, within the southwest Atlantic, summer krill densities correlate positively with sea-ice extent

83 As krill densities decreased last century, salps appear to

84 ter sea ice are thus key factors in the high krill densities observed in the southwest Atlantic Ocean

85 Within this band, krill densities were fivefold greater than that of open

86 Spatially, within their habitat, summer krill density correlates positively with chlorophyll con

87 nder ice over the scale necessary for robust krill density estimation.

88 e continuous high-resolution measurements of krill density under ice reaching 27 kilometers beyond th

89 he fishery and its interactions with various krill dependent predators.

90 ng potential for cumulative impacts on other krill dependent predators.

91 cts of fishing effort and interactions among krill-dependent predators and their performance is at pr

92 g-term monitoring program focused on several krill-dependent predators that are used to track ecosyst

93 have not been previously observed to affect krill-dependent predators, like penguins.

94 topic signatures reflect a diet dominated by krill during periods characterized by positive phases of

95 diet shifted increasingly to silverfish from krill during sampling, and was correlated with the arriv

96 clusively on low-trophic level prey, such as krill, during the peak of historic overexploitation of m

97 nction with the removal of baleen whales and krill-eating seals during the historic whaling era.

98 ling, and was correlated with the arrival of krill-eating whales.

99 but in amounts dictated by the specifics of krill escape and avoidance kinematics.

100 A molecular model of Antarctic krill euphauserase based on the known crystal structure

101 In total, Antarctic krill Euphausia superba represented 32%, and 14 other sp

102 2006/07 have revealed the presence of adult krill (Euphausia superba Dana), including gravid females

103 toplankton coincide with observed changes in krill (Euphausia superba) and penguin populations.

104 the Southern Ocean prey largely on Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and play a central role in man

105 Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and salps (mainly Salpa thomps

106 in commercial crustacean oils from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and the zooplankton Calanus fi

107 Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are a key component of the Ant

108 Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are considered a keystone spec

109 Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are swarming, oceanic crustace

110 Here we show that Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) body size and life-history cyc

111 Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a key species in Southern O

112 Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a large euphausiid, widely

113 climate change and supporting the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) population, a keystone prey sp

114 We surveyed Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) under sea ice using the autono

115 lly consumed 430 million tonnes of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), twice the current estimated t

116 ng by migrating organisms, such as Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba).

117 rategies on olfactory foraging for Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba).

118 istics of their main prey species, Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba).

119 Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba, hereafter 'krill') exemplify t

120 The Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is an abundant and key species

121 verfish[Pleuragramma antarctica] and crystal krill[Euphausia chrystallorophias]) responses to predati

122 tarctic krill (Euphausia superba, hereafter 'krill') exemplify the methodological challenges of study

123 This study shows the important role of krill exuviae as a vector for POC flux.

124 eve sequestration (mean is 381 m), Antarctic krill faecal pellets sequester 20 MtC per productive sea

125 l particulate organic carbon (POC) flux from krill fecal pellets to be 9.68 milligrams of carbon per

126 xistence of significant numbers of Antarctic krill feeding actively at abyssal depths in the Southern

127 Serendipitous observations of Antarctic krill feeding at abyssal depths may revolutionise our vi

128 Krill-feeding blue and humpback whales exhibited tempora

129 less exposed to microplastic ingestion than krill-feeding whales.

130 , but for the future management of Antarctic krill fisheries.

131 ill biomass cannot support both an expanding krill fishery and the recovery of whale populations to p

132 lap between male Antarctic fur seals and the krill fishery in a complex mosaic, suggesting potential

133 mportant given the unpredictable dynamics of krill fishery management decision-making.

134 ired as part of future efforts to manage the krill fishery that incorporates various sources of poten

135 he broader environmental implications of the krill fishery, comparisons between products derived from

136 environmental implications of the Antarctic krill fishery.

137 rba) and play a central role in managing the krill fishery.

138 ations for the ecology and management of the krill fishery.

139 lations, and the development of a commercial krill fishery.

140 Supply chains of one krill fishing and processing company, Aker BioMarine of

141 Yet how krill fishing impacts nutrient fertilisation and the car

142 ent correlate spatially with the areas where krill fishing is most intense, which heightens the risk

143 most intense, which heightens the risk that krill fishing may lead to limited krill availability for

144 h of active acoustic data collected by three krill fishing vessels over six years.

145 information on the potential availability of krill food, although relating this to physiological and

146 e 7x the energetic efficiency (per lunge) of krill foraging, allowing for flexible foraging strategie

147 Krill FP are exported to 72% to 300 m, while 80% of salp

148 Our model results suggest a seasonal krill FP export flux of 0.039 GT C across the Southern O

149 ena australis), that forages on copepods and krill from ~30 degrees S to the Antarctic ice edge (>60

150 e a significant negative effect on Antarctic krill growth habitat and, consequently, on Southern Ocea

151 Peninsula suitable for growth of the largest krill (>60 mm).

152 uence of this projected warming on Antarctic krill habitat with a statistical model that links growth

153 rcial fishery.(2) Most of what we know about krill has been derived from acoustic surveys and net sam

154 aint optimizer, particle swarm optimization, krill herd, harmony search, ant colony optimization, gen

155 ession of a cold-active TGase from Antarctic krill in Escherichia coli, achieving high solubility thr

156 ture, and validation of the Pleobot-a unique krill-inspired robotic swimming appendage constituting t

157 Antarctic krill is a cold water species, an increasingly important

158 Antarctic krill is a keystone species in the Antarctic marine ecos

159 Antarctic krill is a species with fundamental importance for the S

160 Krill is an increasingly popular source of marine n-3 (o

161 re, understanding population connectivity of krill is critical to effective management.

162 The fishery for Antarctic krill is currently managed using a precautionary, ecosys

163 hich suggests that increased competition for krill is one of the major drivers of Adelie penguin popu

164 the lithogenic and biogenic iron ingested by krill is passed into their fecal pellets, which contain

165 otic resource use associated with extracting krill is relatively low compared to that of other reduct

166 hat the bulk of the population of postlarval krill is typically confined to the top 150 m of the wate

167 -that we model--in which individual fish and krill juggle only their access to oxygen-replete water a

168 ly 190 L of fuel are burned per tonne of raw krill landed, markedly higher than fuel inputs to reduct

169 ability of the seal's staple diet, Antarctic krill, leading to a temporal increase in the strength of

170 a and sea surface temperature) coupled with krill lipid data obtained from 3 years of fishery-derive

171 orophyll a levels were positively related to krill lipid levels, particularly triacylglycerol.

172 Krill lipids are primarily derived from their diet of pl

173 link the spatial and temporal variations in krill lipids to those in their food supply.

174 The connectivity of krill may play a critical role in predator biogeography,

175 tensities affecting the lower trophic level (krill) may propagate to higher trophic levels (capelin a

176 e assessment to measure the contributions of krill meal, oil, and omega-3 capsules to global warming,

177 nt-based (PP), PP + A1 (PP with a mixture of krill meal, taurine, and organic selenium) and PP + A2 (

178 A maximum of 25% of krill migrated to depths >200 m with a strong seasonalit

179 Since krill moulting cycle depends on temperature, our results

180 We found that krill moulting generated an exuviae flux of similar orde

181 Krill need the summer phytoplankton blooms of this secto

182 Our results indicate that krill north and south of Low Island and the southern Bra

183 Per day, a krill-obligate blue whale may ingest 10 million pieces o

184 1 of the 3 placebo (olive oil 1500 mg/day), krill oil (945 mg/day eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], + 510

185 erventions: placebo (olive oil 1500 mg/day), krill oil (945 mg/day eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], + 510

186 molarity was reduced from baseline with both krill oil (mean +/- standard error of the mean: -18.6+/-

187 mation of pyrroles might help to protect the krill oil against lipid oxidation.

188 ure firstly increased the lipid oxidation in krill oil and subsequently the non-enzymatic browning re

189 ood may be inaccurate for samples containing krill oil due to its red pigment, astaxanthin.

190 educed at day 90 relative to baseline in the krill oil group only, compared with placebo (-18.6+/-2.4

191 leukin 17A were significantly reduced in the krill oil group, compared with placebo, at day 90 (-27.1

192 ntified as tropomyosin, was also detected in krill oil products, but not in oils from C. finmarchicus

193 Omega-3 Index increased with the krill oil supplement compared with placebo (from 6.0% to

194 gate the effects of a commercially available krill oil supplement on knee pain in adults with mild to

195 in both groups with greater improvements for krill oil than for placebo (difference in adjusted mean

196 function also had greater improvements with krill oil than with placebo (difference in adjusted mean

197 tion and non-enzymatic browning reactions in krill oil upon storage.

198 The oxidative stability of krill oil was assessed by peroxide value and anisidine v

199 Krill oil was incubated at two different temperatures (2

200 fatty acid (EFA) supplements, phospholipid (krill oil) and triacylglyceride (fish oil), for treating

201 3 EFAs in a predominantly phospholipid form (krill oil) may confer additional therapeutic benefit, wi

202 t supplements of DHA, including fish oil and krill oil, do not significantly increase brain DHA, beca

203 :1:1) to 1 of 3 groups: placebo (olive oil), krill oil, or fish oil supplements.

204 Krill oil, rich in anti-inflammatory long-chain (LC) ome

205 is study found that omega-3 -PL/FFA, a novel krill oil-derived omega-3 formulation, reduced TG levels

206 Participants consumed either 4 g krill oil/d (0.60 g EPA/d, 0.28 g DHA/d, 0.45 g astaxant

207 Thus, krill-oil supplementation in overweight adults could exa

208 However, to our knowledge, the effect of krill-oil supplementation on insulin sensitivity in huma

209 ation evaluation methods were compared for a krill-oil-in-water emulsion system.

210 typically composed of specialists of either krill or lipid-rich pelagic fishes, shifted toward one c

211 ng maneuvers to attack dense aggregations of krill or small fish, and their large flippers are though

212 be released in dissolved form directly from krill or via multiple pathways involving microbes, other

213 ean energetic cost of 158 GJ, or ~50 tons of krill or ~25 tons of Pacific herring, surpassing the tot

214 increase in the population size of Antarctic krill, or selection favouring a particular mitochondrial

215 d specifically for large rorquals feeding on krill, our analysis predicts that engulfment time increa

216 ate shifts and corresponding availability of krill over the past decade were not consistent with tren

217 e typically used to target small, less dense krill patches near the water's surface [5,6], and we pos

218 llion depending on the price of carbon, with krill pellet carbon stored for at least 100 years and wi

219 ions, as with berries, insects, plankton and krill, permitting portion control and the rapid and effi

220 Antarctic krill play an important role in biogeochemical cycles an

221 ty component, transporting <10% of the total krill POC flux (1.28 mg C m(-2) day(-1)) to the deep oce

222 nverse modelling approach, we determined the krill population size necessary to generate this flux pe

223 hrony with krill body size, peaking when the krill population was composed predominately of large ind

224 habitat for krill, are causing shifts in the krill population(11), which may alter these export patte

225 ng encounters with whales and bolstering the krill population.

226 limate change and an expanding fishery, thus krill populations and their habitat warrant protection t

227 Crayfish, krill, prawns, lobsters, and other long-tailed crustacea

228 el (U-Net) to extract dives of air-breathing krill predators from more than 30,000 h of active acoust

229 esponses are likely to occur among Antarctic krill predators if climate change and other anthropogeni

230 the crucial importance of including cetacean krill predators in assessment and management efforts for

231 system can support both humans and whales as krill predators.

232 s involving microbes, other zooplankton, and krill predators.

233 highly anisotropic and shows that Antarctic krill prefer to swim in the propulsion jet of their ante

234 Linear, indirect numerical responses between krill (primarily Thysanoessa spinifera) and juvenile roc

235 Impacts of krill products were found to be driven primarily by the

236 t, negative impact on phytoplankton biomass, krill recruitment and upper trophic level predators in t

237 Current krill removals are considered precautionary and have not

238 Acute Retinal Pigment Epitheliitis (ARPE, Krill's disease) is a rare inflammatory retinal disorder

239 the metachronal stroking of the neighboring krill's pleopods.

240 Here we show that Antarctic krill sampled near glacial outlets at the island of Sout

241 VMS in soils, vegetation, phytoplankton, and krill samples from the Antarctic Peninsula region, which

242 Stereophotogrammetric images of Antarctic krill schooling in the laboratory are used to determine

243 The krill schools swim at speeds of two body lengths per sec

244 ensional spatial structure of tightly packed krill schools.

245 We determine the krill seasonal contribution to POC flux in terms of faec

246 f Adelie and gentoo penguins, and found that krill selected for habitats that balance the need to con

247 single pelagic harvested species, Antarctic krill, sequesters a similar amount of carbon through its

248 rve three-dimensional structure of Antarctic krill shoals acoustically.

249 ishes, shifted toward one composed either of krill specialists or true generalists feeding on various

250 d diets as indicators of fish abundance, and krill species distribution modeling trained on past obse

251 me season, or about 12.7% of the 2019 summer krill standing stock estimated from data collected durin

252 es, also provide data to consider for future krill stock management.

253 antic sector contains >50% of Southern Ocean krill stocks, but here their density has declined since

254 Plankton fatty acid biomarkers analysed in krill (such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) increase

255 are major grazers in the Southern Ocean, and krill support commercial fisheries.

256 d sustains high standing stocks of Antarctic krill, supporting feeding hot spots for marine birds and

257 Our results support the "krill surplus" hypothesis that predicts excess krill ava

258 which was hypothesized to have resulted in a krill surplus.

259 Krill swarm characteristics and blue whale presence were

260 iversity (pi=0.010275-0.011537) of Antarctic krill swarm samples was consistently high compared with

261 re and demographic history of nine Antarctic krill swarms by sequencing 1173 bases of the gene cytoch

262 Antarctic blue whales target shallow, dense krill swarms to maximise their energy intake.

263 likely to be detected within the vicinity of krill swarms with a higher density of krill, those found

264 ion, size, depth, composition and density of krill swarms.

265 over three decades of research on Antarctic krill, the genetics of individual swarms is yet to be sp

266 ity of krill swarms with a higher density of krill, those found shallower in the water column, and th

267 show that the main migratory species, Arctic krill (Thysanoessa inermis) show endogenous increases in

268 in biomass of their predominant prey, Arctic krill (Thysanoessa spp.).

269 the consequences of shifts in dominance from krill to salps remain unclear.

270 swimming activity of individual, wild-caught krill under various light conditions and across differen

271 ng the Western Antarctic Peninsula to reveal krill vertical distribution, aggregation density and ind

272 Clearance of CPDs by Antarctic fish and krill was mediated primarily by the photoenzymatic repai

273 ance was reduced when local harvest rates of krill were >=0.1, and this effect was similar in magnitu

274 Krill were concentrated within a band under ice between

275 At all locations where krill were detected they were seen to be actively feedin

276 Adult krill were found close to the seabed at all depths but w

277 Baleen whales are reliant on Antarctic krill, which is also the largest Southern Ocean fishery.

278 idden flux of POC originating from Antarctic krill, whose swarming behaviour could result in a major

279 connectivity in this region using simulated krill with realistic diel vertical migration behaviors a