ライフサイエンスコーパス: liberal

1 utcomes than a liberal fluid protocol (FACTT Liberal).

2 in linear terms (conservatives more so than liberals).

3 gy than were those who were more politically liberal.

4 interpreted differently by conservatives and liberals.

5 ming and less willing to act against it than liberals.

6 tives tend to focus more on the past than do liberals.

7 mate and outright discrimination against non-liberals.

8 ogical responses to threatening stimuli than liberals.

9 ovation and reform, sometimes referred to as liberals.

10 c needs to attain certainty and closure than liberals.

11 ated to avoid dissonance-arousing tasks than liberals.

12 nt interpretations between conservatives and liberals.

13 Wglucoseday 0-7, standard care: 9.3 [1.8] vs liberal: 10.3 [2.1] mmol/L; p = 0.02) and nadir blood gl

14 3%) (p = 0.007 vs Lite) and similar to FACTT Liberal (11%) (p = 0.18 vs Lite).

15 /- 0.5) (p = 0.61) and greater than in FACTT Liberal (12.1 +/- 0.5, p < 0.001 vs Lite).

16 ht change >/=50 mum = 61%, 95%, and 60%; TCA-liberal = 86%, 62%, and 21%; TCA-moderate = 53%, 100%, a

17 e (Hb trigger, 70 g/L; target, 71-90 g/L) or liberal (90 g/L; target, 91-110 g/L) transfusion strateg

18 er in subregions where more women live under liberal abortion laws (p<0.05).

19 inequality and treatment of immigrants) and liberals acknowledged the relevant discrepancy with rega

20 s onto those of Jesus among conservative and liberal American Christians.

21 Further reducing potential dissonance, liberal and conservative Christians differed markedly in

22 age increased diffusion more strongly within liberal and conservative networks, and less between them

23 nces the hypothesis that differences between liberal and conservative orientations noted in the targe

24 iminated the political divide that separated liberal and conservative respondents' attitudes toward a

25 cal measurements were compared with the most liberal and the most conservative published anatomic gui

26 d producing conclusions that mischaracterize liberals and conservatives alike.

27 cause they misunderstand the degree to which liberals and conservatives are dispositionally different

28 the development of political ideologies, but liberals and conservatives are likely to respond to thre

29 and basic psychological threats that suggest liberals and conservatives are more similar than differe

30 dence documents a multitude of ways in which liberals and conservatives differ from each other in pur

31 bbing and colleagues argue convincingly that liberals and conservatives differ in reactivity to (nega

32 Liberals and conservatives emphasized somewhat different

33 e fact that much of the disagreement between liberals and conservatives is over whether or not one an

34 zing element of the many differences between liberals and conservatives is the nature of their physio

35 differences exist in the cognitive styles of liberals and conservatives on psychological measures.

36 implies that there may be differences in how liberals and conservatives respond to dissonance-arousin

37 Both liberals and conservatives show partisan bias that often

38 r for conservatives and Republicans than for liberals and Democrats, respectively.

39 ences between what worries conservatives and liberals and suggest that relations between ideology and

40 are well-regarded by both conservatives and liberals; and the message explains how the scientist arr

41 bin threshold < 7 g/dL) compared with a more liberal approach (e.g., hemoglobin threshold < 10 g/dL).

42 Findings from the liberal approach (including variants in any locus across

43 sed, including the potential risks of a more liberal approach to iron supplementation as well as the

44 patients, we aimed to determine whether a " liberal" approach to glycemic control would reduce hypog

45 ing conditions under which conservatives and liberals are better suited to engage in self-control and

46 2 and 3 provided experimental evidence that liberals are more likely than conservatives to different

47 ical asymmetries, we observed that political liberals are more responsible than conservatives for dif

48 se of a general sense of insecurity, whereas liberals are relatively more secure.

49 ts in the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial liberal arm demonstrate the need to determine whether a

50 th SpO2 less than 88% in conservative versus liberal arm was 1% versus 0.3% (P = 0.03), and percentag

51 SpO2 greater than 98% in conservative versus liberal arm was 4% versus 22% (P < 0.001).

52 , each day) and was similar to adults in the liberal arm.

53 much they contribute to conservative versus liberal articles.

54 ed at the undergraduate level, especially in liberal arts colleges and regional universities in the U

55 al asthma candidate genes, we purposely used liberal asthma gene inclusion criteria, resulting in con

56 Across all parameter sets, the most liberal bedaquiline use strategies consistently increase

57 In almost all cases, more liberal bedaquiline use strategies reduced the expected

58 suggest that Duarte and colleagues' claim of liberal bias in the field seems American-centric.

59 Moreover, a liberal bias resulted in stronger midfrontal pre-stimulu

60 ed prefrontal signature of a conservative-to-liberal bias shift has remained elusive.

61 Here, we show that a liberal bias shift is reflected in a more unconstrained

62 The results suggest that news outlets with a liberal bias tended to be the least reactive while conse

63 s a particularly blatant example of the very liberal bias the authors decry.

64 ommentary summarizes my struggle to overcome liberal bias without conservative input.

65 Liberal biases include race, gender, and poverty, but al

66 decision bias acts on both conservative and liberal biases, and generalizes from humans to mice, and

67 elective, widespread PSA-testing followed by liberal biopsy criteria has resulted in a high rate of o

68 Liberal blood transfusion did not affect mortality compa

69 Although liberal blood transfusion thresholds have not been benef

70 h weights of less than 1000 g, a strategy of liberal blood transfusions compared with restrictive tra

71 Life scientists may think of themselves as liberal, but they seem to have a strong conservative bia

72 only more likely to use stereotypes than are liberals, but are especially likely to negatively evalua

73 Using the most liberal case definition (UK) and adjusting for the sever

74 than themselves on the former issues whereas liberals claimed that Jesus would be even more liberal t

75 moderate-severe hypoglycemia (relative risk: liberal compared with standard care: 0.47 [95% CI, 0.19-

76 Hibbing et al. argue that the liberal-conservative continuum is (a) universal and (b)

77 We review evidence that the liberal-conservative continuum is far from universal and

78 es drawing from "big data" sources to assess liberal-conservative differences in happiness-related be

79 Research on the personality correlates of liberal-conservative differences points not to global di

80 Both the nature of negativity and the liberal-conservative opposition are ambiguous.

81 t defining it, and wrongly projects the U.S. liberal-conservative spectrum to the whole field of soci

82 Compared with liberals, conservatives tend to register greater physiol

83 nit increase in the trade policy index (more liberal) corresponded to a 0.07% (95% CI -0.10 to -0.04)

84 Renal function criteria should enable liberal creatinine clearance, unless the investigational

85 outside normal limits" classification) and a liberal criterion (abnormal = "outside normal limits" or

86 For the liberal criterion, MRW and RNFLT sensitivities were inde

87 evice instructions for use; 69% met the most liberal definition of device instructions for use.

88 strong commitment to the norms and values of liberal democracy, the DGIM has found its way to a clear

89 dulated by political ideology: More strongly liberal Democrats and more strongly conservative Republi

90 Moreover, increasing liberals' desire for certainty led them to negatively ev

91 ponse to both signal and noise, predicting a liberal detection criterion with no effect on sensitivit

92 e that decreased alpha power reflects a more liberal detection criterion, rather than improved sensit

93 nd extended session lengths could allow more liberal diets and freedom from phosphorus binders.

94 tives tend to use such stereotypes more than liberals do because they express a greater desire for ce

95 om 56% in the Transitional era to 85% in the Liberal era and 62% in the Selective era.

96 DES outcomes in the Liberal era were significantly better than in the Transi

97 ect core psychological differences such that liberals express compassion toward less structured and m

98 nced similar mortality with conservative and liberal fluid management (18% vs 18%; p = 0.928), wherea

99 lung injury randomized to a conservative vs. liberal fluid management protocol had increased days ali

100 injury was greater in those managed with the liberal fluid protocol (66% vs. 58%, p = .007).

101 ive fluid balance and better outcomes than a liberal fluid protocol (FACTT Liberal).

102 s have demonstrated increased morbidity with liberal fluid regimens in abdominal surgery.

103 Liberal fluid replacement of adults with severe malaria

104 Liberal fluid resuscitation has little effect on this se

105 servational studies, odds for mortality with liberal fluid resuscitation strategies increased (odds r

106 Current evidence indicates that initial liberal fluid resuscitation strategies may be associated

107 type 2 diabetes and chronic hyperglycaemia, liberal glycemic control appears to attenuate glycemic v

108 omization trended toward higher rates in the liberal group (55%) than in the restrictive group (37%);

109 ian = 16 (interquartile range: 7, 40) in the liberal group (P < 0.0001, Wilcoxon rank sum).

110 s after randomization, mortality rate in the liberal group (primary endpoint of the study) was 45% (6

111 Patients in the liberal group received more RBC units than patients in t

112 s after randomization, mortality rate in the liberal group was lower (59% vs 70%) than in the restric

113 group and 16.9% (95% CI, 8.9%-25.4%) in the liberal group.

114 cal conservatives are happier than political liberals has relied exclusively on self-report measures

115 Guidelines define a liberal Hb trigger as transfusion of PRBCs for an intrao

116 in 10 units of PRBCs were transfused using a liberal Hb trigger.

117 tive (hemoglobin [Hb] threshold < 70 g/L) or liberal (Hb threshold < 90 g/L) RBC transfusion strategy

118 groups and suggested that this is driven by liberals' heightened concern with social equality.

119 ts to a restrictive (hemoglobin 7-8 g/dL) or liberal (hemoglobin 10-11 g/dL) transfusion strategy thr

120 Patients were randomized to the liberal (hemoglobin threshold, < 9 g/dL) or to the restr

121 rial may be warranted to assess whether more liberal ICU admission policies improve mortality for pat

122 Hospitals that are liberal in their transfusion practices have higher 30-da

123 (4) The underrepresentation of non-liberals in social psychology is most likely due to a co

124 More non-liberals in social psychology is unlikely to speed our c

125 We also found that, particularly among liberals, individuals higher in cognitive reflection wer

126 Administration of traditional chloride-liberal intravenous fluids may precipitate acute kidney

127 surviving, dictated the surgical practice of liberal IVF administration until very recently.Newer wor

128 sitional (April 23, 2003, to June 30, 2004); Liberal (July 1, 2004, to December 31, 2006); and Select

129 Evolutionary psychologists are personally liberal, just as social psychologists are.

130 an participants with conservative-leaning or liberal-leaning immigration attitudes while they watched

131 right-leaning were less likely than white or liberal/left-leaning members to have high self-initiated

132 andomized controlled trial, the influence of liberal (LIB) vs restricted (RES) perioperative fluid ad

133 CA was evaluated using the recently proposed liberal, moderate, and conservative progression criteria

134 rginia represent 3 unique payer systems with liberal, moderate, and no Medicaid expansion, respective

135 Relative to conservatives, liberals more frequently used positive emotional languag

136 Patients were randomized to the liberal (n = 149) or to the restrictive transfusion stra

137 Infants were randomly assigned to liberal (n = 492) or restrictive (n = 521) red blood cel

138 of embodied cognition: They can adopt a more liberal notion of embodiment or they can attempt to repl

139 onse reward contingencies, inducing either a liberal or a conservative bias.

140 ts in the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial liberal or conservative arms.

141 policy of no-use of tocolysis after PPROM, a liberal or restricted policy is not associated with impr

142 om children randomized as neonates to either liberal or restrictive RBC transfusion approaches were p

143 : The AABB cannot recommend for or against a liberal or restrictive transfusion threshold for hospita

144 cal studies designed to confirm beliefs that liberals (or conservatives) think deserve to be true.

145 that sound research and analysis challenging liberal orthodoxies fails to receive a fair hearing in o

146 that college students as a whole become more liberal over time, we do find strong evidence of peer ef

147 nterocolitis occurred less frequently in the liberal oxygen group.

148 Although infants cared for with a liberal oxygen target had significantly lower mortality

149 ed by pulse oximetry [Spo(2)], 88 to 92%) or liberal oxygen therapy (target Pao(2), 90 to 105 mm Hg;

150 xygen group and 30.4% of the patients in the liberal-oxygen group had died (difference, 14.0 percenta

151 group and 27 of 102 patients (26.5%) in the liberal-oxygen group had died (difference, 7.8 percentag

152 0.36 [0.34-0.39) in the conservative versus liberal oxygenation arm were significantly different (P

153 ulse oximetry (SpO2) of 88-92% (n = 52) or a liberal oxygenation strategy with target SpO2 of greater

154 Conservative, and 6,992 +/- 502 mL in FACTT Liberal (p < 0.001).

155 ity difference: 9.5% restrictive versus 8.5% liberal (P = 0.892, chi test).

156 in FACTT Lite, 25% in FACTT Conservative and Liberal, p = 0.84).

157 t of the average conservative or the average liberal participant were more likely to change their att

158 ndard period and one patient (3%) during the liberal period had recurrent episodes of moderate-severe

159 mmol/L; p < 0.01) were increased during the liberal period.

160 s greater than 10 mmol/L whereas during the "liberal" period, 31 patients received insulin to treat b

161 al issues has defined social problems from a liberal perspective since at least the 1930s.

162 s evaluating both the safety and efficacy of liberal platelet transfusions are warranted.

163 thy, trauma resuscitation has shifted toward liberal platelet transfusions.

164 ive policy and 118 (20) g/L for those on the liberal policy (difference -2.0 [95% CI -12.0 to 7.0]; p

165 in the restrictive policy vs 83% (25) in the liberal policy (difference 14%; 95% CI 7-21; p=0.005).

166 d RBCs on the restrictive policy than on the liberal policy (restrictive policy 133 [33%] vs liberal

167 eral policy (restrictive policy 133 [33%] vs liberal policy 247 [46%]; difference -12% [95% CI -35 to

168 A more liberal policy of IOL in women with previous caesarean d

169 Ireland has traditionally operated a liberal policy of voluntary fortification, but little is

170 y and 533 patients in three hospitals with a liberal policy).

171 trials have compared a 'restrictive' with a 'liberal' policy with respect to effects on clinically re

172 tified as having moderate, conservative, and liberal political views.

173 Hospitals with liberal practices were twice as likely to transfuse pati

174 A more liberal preoperative intake is encouraged with fasting f

175 plied less than Americans who preferred more liberal presidents (Barack Obama and Bill Clinton) with

176 l that most social psychologists adhere to a liberal progress narrative.

177 Authors of non-liberal proposals experience more collegial objections t

178 of FACTT Lite, FACTT Conservative, and FACTT Liberal protocols.

179 controlled trials comparing restrictive and liberal RBC transfusion strategies for acute upper gastr

180 Wisely(R) recommendations focus on avoiding liberal RBC transfusion, avoiding thrombophilia testing

181 as to compare outcomes of a restrictive to a liberal red cell transfusion strategy in 20% or more tot

182 The effect of a restrictive versus liberal red-cell transfusion strategy on clinical outcom

183 starting from induction of anesthesia) or a liberal red-cell transfusion threshold (transfuse if hem

184 Studies 1a-1c show that liberals, relative to conservatives, express greater mor

185 as important as increasing the number of non-liberal researchers.

186 Acute stress during encoding led to a more liberal response bias (more hits and false alarms) when

187 at time of encoding, thereby causing a more liberal response bias when probing these memories.

188 For example, a liberal response strategy pays off when target detection

189 oss any two out of four algorithms or a more liberal set of all calls made by any algorithm.

190 alysis, using aggregated scores of nsSNPs at liberal significance thresholds and cross-validation pro

191 spatial resolution, localized shimming, and liberal smoothing, thereby decreasing the signal dropout

192 FA, we combined high spatial resolution with liberal smoothing.

193 is not cost-effective; at lower costs, more liberal statin-prescribing strategies would be preferred

194 y (51%), as compared with 61 assigned to the liberal strategy (14%), did not receive transfusions (P<

195 ed significantly in patients assigned to the liberal strategy (P=0.03) but not in those assigned to t

196 l fell below 7 g per deciliter) and 460 to a liberal strategy (transfusion when the hemoglobin fell b

197 Drift diffusion modeling revealed that a liberal strategy biased sensory evidence accumulation to

198 h a restrictive transfusion strategy, a more liberal strategy could reduce cardiac complications by l

199 educes 28-day mortality when compared with a liberal strategy in cancer patients with septic shock.

200 with the restrictive strategy than with the liberal strategy in the subgroup of patients who had ble

201 rtality in subphenotype 1 was 26% with fluid-liberal strategy versus 18% with fluid-conservative, whe

202 rtality in subphenotype 2 was 40% with fluid-liberal strategy versus 50% in fluid-conservative.

203 ng red-cell transfusion was noninferior to a liberal strategy with respect to the composite outcome o

204 njury, these outcomes were no worse than the liberal strategy.

205 lood transfusion strategy is equivalent to a liberal strategy.

206 n the restrictive-strategy group than in the liberal-strategy group (95% vs. 91%; hazard ratio for de

207 n the restrictive-strategy group than in the liberal-strategy group (mean, 2.73 units [standard devia

208 strictive-strategy group and 84.6 g/L in the liberal-strategy group (P < .0001).

209 as compared with 16% of the patients in the liberal-strategy group (P=0.01), and adverse events occu

210 tes of the primary outcome were 35.2% in the liberal-strategy group and 34.7% in the restrictive-stra

211 2 units of red cells were transfused in the liberal-strategy group and none in the restrictive-strat

212 estrictive-strategy group (odds ratio in the liberal-strategy group, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [C

213 ch was noninferior compared with that of the liberal-strategy group.

214 y assigned to either restrictive-strategy or liberal-strategy treatment groups between 2011 and 2016

215 Developed nations and politically liberal subnational units are expected to experience a p

216 The application of the more liberal T2MI2012 definition resulted in an increase of T

217 undamental differences in conservatives' and liberals' temporal focus.

218 itment rate was significantly higher for the liberal than for the restrictive policy (62% vs 55%; p=0

219 berals claimed that Jesus would be even more liberal than themselves on the latter issues.

220 al, 4.6-24.8%; p = .006) compared with fluid-liberal therapy in patients with infection-related acute

221 Liberal therapy reduced glycemic variability (coefficien

222 intraoperatively and postoperatively) with a liberal threshold (transfuse if hemoglobin<9.5 g/dl in t

223 after cardiac surgery was not superior to a liberal threshold with respect to morbidity or health ca

224 in red-cell transfusions, as compared with a liberal threshold, reduces postoperative morbidity and h

225 ntly fewer transfusions than patients in the liberal-threshold group (1.8 versus 2.9 on average, or 3

226 (258 of 767) and in 32.5% of patients in the liberal-threshold group (252 of 775).

227 the restrictive-threshold group than in the liberal-threshold group (4.2% vs. 2.6%; hazard ratio, 1.

228 624 of 2251) and in 27.9% of patients in the liberal-threshold group (636 of 2280).

229 roup, as compared with 12.5% of those in the liberal-threshold group (absolute risk difference, -1.11

230 roup, as compared with 72.6% of those in the liberal-threshold group (odds ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.37

231 restrictive-threshold group and 3.6% in the liberal-threshold group (odds ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.62

232 shold group and 33.0% of the patients in the liberal-threshold group (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidenc

233 restrictive-threshold group and 1003 in the liberal-threshold group.

234 shold group and 34.2% of participants in the liberal-threshold group.

235 restricted-threshold group compared with the liberal-threshold group; P<0.001).

236 until the hemoglobin level is 7-8 g/dL) with liberal thresholds (transfusion not indicated until the

237 tes findings from observational studies that liberal thresholds for red blood cell transfusion are as

238 matocrit was 3 percentage points higher with liberal thresholds.

239 tion of political and social views from more liberal to more conservative over the span of adulthood.

240 32 and 45 units with no-use, restricted and liberal tocolysis policies for PPROM.

241 We aimed to assess the association between liberal trade policies and food insecurity at the indivi

242 Liberal trade policies might increase food supplies but

243 The relationship between liberal trade policy and food insecurity varied across c

244 Liberal trade policy was not significantly associated wi

245 Liberal trade policy was predominantly associated with l

246 with gastrointestinal bleeding compared with liberal transfusion (10 g/dl) strategy.

247 he restrictive transfusion group than in the liberal transfusion group (mean difference -1.73 units,

248 coronary syndrome raise the possibility that liberal transfusion improves outcome, but large trials a

249 atio by a central telephone system to either liberal transfusion in which they received blood transfu

250 gorized as having a restrictive, average, or liberal transfusion practice based on average trigger he

251 t programs should aim to identify and reduce liberal transfusion practice in the surgical patient.

252 ategies, the evidence for restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies in neurosurgical patients

253 ity did not differ significantly between the liberal transfusion strategy (432 deaths) and the restri

254 We randomly assigned patients to a liberal transfusion strategy (a hemoglobin threshold of

255 ned to the two treatment groups: 1007 to the liberal transfusion strategy and 1009 to the restrictive

256 ies are needed to evaluate the use of a more liberal transfusion strategy in patients who develop pos

257 We observed a survival trend favoring a liberal transfusion strategy in patients with septic sho

258 We aimed to establish the effect of a liberal transfusion strategy on long-term survival compa

259 As compared with a liberal transfusion strategy, a restrictive strategy sig

260 A liberal transfusion strategy, as compared with a restric

261 th care-associated infection compared with a liberal transfusion strategy.

262 rictive transfusion strategy with those of a liberal transfusion strategy.

263 (hemoglobin level <7.5 g per deciliter) or a liberal transfusion threshold (hemoglobin level <9 g per

264 moglobin concentration fell below 80 g/L) or liberal (transfusion when haemoglobin concentration fell

265 n, 456 units (11.4%) were transfused using a liberal trigger (intraoperative, 122 patients [13.0%]; p

266 ceiving packed red blood cell (PRBC) using a liberal trigger hemoglobin concentration (pre-PBM vs pos

267 ceiving packed red blood cell (PRBC) using a liberal trigger hemoglobin concentration (pre-PBM vs pos

268 patients receiving PRBC transfusion using a liberal trigger hemoglobin concentration and fewer patie

269 se of DES decreased from 92 in 2004 to 2006 (liberal use era; n=7587) to 68 in 2007 (selective use er

270 patients with short esophagus, and its more liberal use is encouraged.

271 Our results suggest that more liberal use of cardiac allografts with relative contrain

272 We hypothesized that the liberal use of chest computed tomography after injury ha

273 rologists have gradually moved away from the liberal use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents as the

274 ur objective was to compare the effects of a liberal use of platelet (higher platelet:RBC ratios) wit

275 ug-eluting stents, which were implanted with liberal use of post-dilation.

276 Liberal use of stent post-dilation was encouraged.

277 Clinicians in many settings make liberal use of the descriptive term mild cognitive impai

278 Despite liberal use of these grafts, we have been able to succes

279 ombination of fluid restriction, phlebotomy, liberal use of vasopressor medications, and avoidance of

280 e et al. draw attention to the "embedding of liberal values and methods" in social psychological rese

281 Trying to dispense with one's liberal values can help, if one is willing.

282 ence via mechanisms such as the embedding of liberal values into research questions and methods, stee

283 brain that diverges between people who hold liberal versus conservative political attitudes.

284 nce, we performed a meta-analysis to compare liberal versus restricted fluid resuscitation strategies

285 ontrolled trials that assessed the effect of liberal versus restrictive red blood cell transfusion in

286 ixed effects mortality odds ratios comparing liberal versus restrictive transfusion thresholds was 0.

287 incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the liberal versus selective DES era was $16,000 per target

288 The target article diagnoses a dominance of liberal viewpoints with little evidence, promotes a cons

289 an elderly population group exposed to this liberal voluntary fortification of foodstuffs in Ireland

290 In the liberal vs restrictive thresholds groups, necrotizing en

291 Among infants in the liberal vs restrictive thresholds groups, the primary ou

292 Among infants in the liberal vs restrictive transfusion thresholds groups, re

293 .3% (95% CI, -4.2% to 1.5%; P = .37), in the liberal vs the restrictive thresholds groups, respective

294 jury enrolled in a randomized trial of fluid liberal vs. fluid conservative management.

295 Liberals were less likely than conservatives to perceive

296 that across these studies conservatives and liberals were nearly equally likely to fight climate cha

297 iving kidney donor selection has become more liberal with acceptation of hypertensive donors.

298 andardized test was neither conservative nor liberal with respect to type I error rate (false-positiv

299 n the face of counterevidence, presenting 40 liberals with arguments that contradicted their strongly

300 The effects of a liberal worldview permeate and distort discussion of man